RU2716905C1 - Method of agricultural products authenticity and movement verification and system for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed method and system relate to means of information provision in remote access networks, aimed at identification of agricultural products coming for sale. System implementing the disclosed method comprises a reader, a radio-frequency mark and receiving equipment of the manufacturer. Reader comprises master oscillator 1, duplexer 2, transceiving antenna 3, high frequency amplifier 4, phase detector 5, identification codes database 6, codes comparison unit 7, switch 8, delay line 9, pseudorandom sequence generator 10, adder 11, multiplier 12, narrow-band filter 13, phase manipulator 14 and power amplifier 15. Radio-frequency mark comprises piezocrystal 16, microstrip antenna 17, electrodes 18, buses 19 and 20, set 21 of reflectors. Receiving equipment of the manufacturer comprises receiving antenna 22, a high frequency amplifier 23, heterodynes 30 and 31, mixers 32 and 33, intermediate frequency amplifiers 34, 35 and 47, correlator 36, threshold unit 37, switches 38, 51, 52 and 53, amplifiers 48 and 49 of trebled intermediate frequency, amplitude detectors 50, 52 and 53, units 56, 57 and 58 of universal demodulators of complex PCN signals, each of which contains multiplier 25, 26, 40 and 41, narrow-band filters 27 and 43, low-pass filters 28 and 42, producer server data base 29, phaseinventors 44 and 45, subtraction unit 46.

EFFECT: technical result is wider range of operating frequencies without wider range of heterodyne frequency tuning by using mirror receiving channels.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The proposed method and system relates to the field of electronic information systems, in particular to methods and systems that implement information support in remote access networks and aimed at identifying agricultural products for sale.

Currently, the authenticity of agricultural products sold, as a rule, is determined by external signs, for example, relevant documents accompanying agricultural products, symbolic markings applied to agricultural products. The absence of such external signs, as a rule, indicates that agricultural products are classified as counterfeit, counterfeit or unaccounted for. But even the presence of external signs of agricultural products in today's conditions of widespread and affordable use of high technology does not allow us to reliably consider that the agricultural products sold are genuine.

A known method of controlling the authenticity of products, according to which the authenticity of the products is determined by the ratio of its external characteristics to the corresponding marking data established by the manufacturer of this product (GOST 16317-87 Electrical household refrigeration appliances, general specifications, section 3.27 "Marking", 1987).

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency and the complexity of establishing the fact of conformity of external signs established by the manufacturer with marking data, since this correspondence can only be established by specialists as a result of merchandising expertise. Examination takes time and is an expensive service. This approach is unacceptable when conducting sales transactions in relation to products that do not come directly from the manufacturer, but through intermediaries.

There are also known methods and systems of authenticity control of products (author's certificate. USSR No. 1.832.318; RF patents No. 2.106.689, 2.128856, 2.132.569, 2.181.503, 2.183.340, 2.199.781, 2.225.032, 2.292. 032, 2.292.587, 2.439.696, 2.538.311; US patents No. 4,641.347, 5.170.044, 5.528.490, 6.005.960, 6.542.645; Japan patent No. 5.165.852; patent EP No. 0.773.503 , 0.773.505, 0.820.505, 0.820.029; patent WO No. 93/22.745, 97/19.821 and others.

Of the known methods and systems closest to the proposed are the "Method of authenticity and movement of alcoholic beverages and a system for its implementation" (RF patent No. 2.538.311, G06K 5/02, 2013), which are selected as the base objects.

Known technical solutions provide the suppression of false signals (interference) received through the mirror and Raman channels.

However, in some cases, from the point of view of expanding the operating frequency range without expanding the frequency range of the local oscillators, it is advisable not to suppress additional receive channels, but to use them. This is primarily true of mirrored reception channels. Because the conversion coefficient of CPR for these channels is the same as the coefficient of conversion of CPR for the main receiving channel. Therefore, these reception channels are equivalent, equivalent.

An object of the invention is to expand the range of operating frequencies without expanding the range of frequency tuning of local oscillators by using mirror channels of reception.

The problem is solved in that the method of controlling the authenticity and movement of agricultural products in production, which, in accordance with the closest analogue, is that each unit of agricultural products is assigned an identification code, which is entered into the producer’s server database, and the authentication of agricultural products is determined by comparing the identification code of the unit of agricultural production with the code available in the specified database of identification codes, and when if the codes coincide, they give a message about the authenticity of this unit of agricultural products, in this case, an RF tag is used as the carrier of identification codes for each unit of agricultural products, during production on the conveyor of each unit of agricultural products, an RF tag is inserted under the label, or cork, or lid, and the reader reads it primary code information of the radio-frequency tag and complement the primary code information of the radio-frequency tag code formation on the manufacturer and the type of product containing at least information about the type, properties, time of manufacture of the product, its composition, forming the identification code of the product unit, and an electronic signature, and then enter the identification code of the product unit in the database of the manufacturer’s server when moving products from the conveyor to the warehouse at the last, the reader reads the data from the radio-frequency label of each unit of exported products and enter a mark in the server database in the warehouse about the movement of these products, at the same time, a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves and a set of reflectors deposited on its surface is used as a radio frequency tag, a high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω _{1 is formed} , each unit of production is irradiated with it, it is received by a microstrip antenna, converted into an acoustic wave , ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, convert the reflected acoustic wave into a complex electron a phase-shifted magnetic signal whose internal structure corresponds to that of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it into the ether, pick up the transceiver antenna of the reader, amplify it in amplitude, perform synchronous detection at frequency ω ₁ using sounding high-frequency oscillations with frequency as reference voltage ω ₁ , allocate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the identification code M ₁ (t) of each unit of production, delay it for a time equal to the duration identification code M ₁ (t), summarized with the identification code M ₂ (t) of the product manufacturer, containing at least information about the type, properties, time of manufacture of the product, its composition, multiply the high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω ₁ by itself, emit high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ , they manipulate it in phase with the total code M _Σ (t) = M ₁ (t) + M ₂ (t), thereby forming a complex signal with phase manipulation at a frequency of ω ₂ , amplify it in terms of power, radiate on the air, receive the manufacturer’s antenna equipment, amplify it amplitude, frequency converted by using voltages of the first and second oscillators, the frequency ωr ωr ₁ and ₂ are spread to twice the value of the intermediate frequency

ωr ₂ -ωr ₁ = 2ωup

and choose symmetrical with respect to frequency ω _{1 of the} main receiving channel

ω ₁ -ωr ₁ = ωr ₂ -ω ₁ = ωup,

isolate the first and second voltage of the intermediate frequency, multiply them among themselves, allocate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the correlation function R (τ), compare it with a threshold voltage U _then. and if it is exceeded, they decide to receive a complex signal with phase shift keying along the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ and enable its synchronous detection, which consists in the fact that the received complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency is multiplied with the first reference voltage and with the second reference voltage, the phase-shifted by 180 °, is isolated first and second low-frequency voltage proportional to the total code M _Σ (t), subtracts the second voltage from a first low frequency, is formed cumulatively low-frequency voltage, enter it into the manufacturer’s server database, at the same time the first low-frequency voltage is multiplied with the received complex signal with phase shift keying at the intermediate frequency ωup, the first harmonic oscillation with the frequency ωup is isolated and used as the first reference voltage, the second low-frequency voltage is shifted in phase 180 °, multiply it with the received complex signal with phase shift keying at the intermediate frequency ωup, emit harmonic oscillation with the frequency ωup, shift they are phase-locked at 180 ° and used as the second reference voltage, which differs from the closest analogue in that during the frequency conversion of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, a third intermediate frequency voltage, the first and second triple intermediate-frequency voltages 3ωup, and the second the voltage of the intermediate frequency is detected by amplitude, the detected voltage is used to enable synchronous detection of a complex signal with phase shift keying the exact frequency ωup received through the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ , the first voltage of the tripled intermediate frequency 3ωup is detected by amplitude, the detected voltage is used to enable synchronous detection of a complex signal with phase shift keying at the intermediate frequency ωup received through the first mirror channel at a frequency ω _З1 , the second voltage tripled intermediate frequency 3ωup is detected by amplitude, the detected voltage is used to enable synchronous detection of complex signal channel with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency ωup, received on the second mirror channel at a frequency ω _z2 .

The problem is solved in that the system of authenticity and movement of agricultural products, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, a reader, a radio frequency tag embedded under the label, or cork, or cover of each product unit, and receiving equipment of the manufacturer, while the reader contains sequentially included a master oscillator, a duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to a transceiver antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master gene a rotator, a code comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the database of identification codes, a key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the phase detector, a delay line, an adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, a phase manipulator and a power amplifier, the output which is connected to the second input of the duplexer, a multiplier is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, and a narrow-band filter, in the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase manipulator, the RF tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves deposited on its surface and a set of reflectors, the interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes connected to each other by buses connected by busbars with a microstrip antenna, the manufacturer’s receiving equipment contains a receiving antenna in series, a high-frequency amplifier, the first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, the first intermediate frequency amplifier, the correlator, the threshold block, the first key and the first block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals, which consists of the first multiplier connected in series to the output of the first key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first low-pass filter, the first narrow-band filter, the second multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first key, the subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected is connected with the output of the second low-pass filter and the database of the manufacturer’s server, from the first key of the third multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second phase inverter, the second low-pass filter, the first phase inverter, the fourth multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first a key, a second narrow-band filter and a second phase inverter, connected in series to the output of the high-frequency amplifier, a second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second hetero Din, and the second intermediate-frequency amplifier whose output is connected to the second input of the correlator, the frequency ωr ωr ₁ and ₂ of the first and second local oscillators are separated by twice the value of the intermediate frequency

ωr ₂ -ωr ₁ = 2ωup

and are chosen symmetrical with respect to frequency ω _{1 of the} main receiving channel

ω ₁ -ωr ₁ = ωr ₂ -ω ₁ = ωup,

differs from the closest analogue in that the consumer's receiving equipment is equipped with a third intermediate frequency amplifier, two triplicate intermediate frequency amplifiers, three amplitude detectors, second, third and fourth keys, second and third blocks of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals, and to the output of the second intermediate frequency amplifier the first amplitude detector and the second switch are connected in series, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output through it is connected to the second input of the first key, the first amplifier of the tripled intermediate frequency, the second amplitude detector and the third key are connected in series to the output of the second mixer, the second input of which is connected through the third amplifier of the intermediate frequency to the output of the first mixer, and the output is connected to the input of the second block of universal demodulators complex PSK signals, the second amplifier tripled intermediate frequency, the third amplitude detector and the fourth switch are connected in series to the output of the first mixer whose first input is connected to the output of the second intermediate-frequency amplifier, and the output is connected to the input of the third block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals.

The structural diagram of a reader implementing the proposed method is presented in FIG. 1. A functional diagram of a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves is shown in FIG. 2. A frequency diagram illustrating the formation of mirror reception channels is shown in FIG. 3. The block diagram of the equipment of the manufacturer is shown in FIG. 4. The block diagram of block 56 (57.58) of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals is shown in FIG. 5.

The reader contains serially connected master oscillator 1, a duplexer 2, the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna 3, a high-frequency amplifier 4, a phase detector 5, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1, a code comparison unit 7, the second input of which is connected to the output of the identification code database 6, key 8, the second input of which is connected to the output of the phase detector 5, the delay line 9, the adder 11, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 10, phase m a nipulator 14 and a power amplifier 15, the output of which is connected to the second input of the duplexer 2. A multiplier 12 is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1, and a narrow-band filter 13, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase manipulator 14 .

The radio frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal 16 with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAW) deposited on its surface and a set of 21 reflectors. IDT contains two comb systems of electrodes 18 connected to each other by buses 19 and 20 connected to a microstrip antenna 17.

The manufacturer’s receiving equipment contains a receiving antenna 22 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 23, a first mixer 32, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator 30, a first intermediate frequency amplifier 34, a correlator 36, a threshold block 37, a first key 38, and a first universal block 56 demodulators of complex PSK signals. A second mixer 33, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator 31, and a second intermediate frequency amplifier 35, the output of which is connected to the second input of the correlator 36, are sequentially connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 23. The first amplitude detector is connected in series to the output of the second amplifier 35 50 and the second key 51, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first intermediate frequency amplifier 34, and the output is connected to the second input of the first key 38. The output of the second mixer 33 sequently connected first amplifier 48 tripled intermediate frequency, a second amplitude detector 52, the third switch 54, the second input of which via a third intermediate frequency amplifier 47 coupled to the output of the first mixer 32 and a second universal block 57 PSK demodulators complex signals. The output of the first mixer 32 is connected in series with a second amplifier 49 of a triple intermediate frequency, a third amplitude detector 53, a fourth key 55, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second amplifier 35 of an intermediate frequency, and a third block 58 of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals.

Each block 56 (57, 58) of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals contains serially connected to the output keys 38 (54, 55) the first multiplier 25, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first low-pass filter 28, the first narrow-band filter 27, the second multiplier 26, the second input of which is connected to the output of the key 38 (54, 55), the first low-pass filter 28, a subtraction unit 46, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second low-pass filter 42, and the database 29 of the consumer server. A third multiplier 40 is connected to the output of the key 38 (54, 55), the second input of which is connected to the output of the second phase inverter 45, the second low-pass filter 42, the first phase inverter 44, and the fourth multiplier 41, the second input of which is connected to the output of the key 38 (54, 55), a second narrow-band filter 43 and a second bass reflex 45.

The first 24 and second 25 multipliers, the first narrow-band filter 27 and the first low-pass filter 28 form the first universal demodulator 24 of complex PSK signals.

The third 40 and fourth 41 multipliers, the second low-pass filter 42, the second narrow-band filter 43, the first 44 and second 45 phase inverters form a second universal demodulator 39 of complex PSK signals.

The proposed method for controlling the authenticity and movement of agricultural products is implemented as follows.

A feature of the method is that as a carrier of identification codes for each unit of agricultural products, an RF tag is used in the form of a piezocrystal 16 with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAW) and a set of reflectors 21. IDT contains two comb systems of electrodes 18, which are interconnected by buses 19 and 20, connected by a microstrip antenna 17.

The principle of operation of the interdigital transducer of a surfactant is based on the fact that the electric fields in space and time created in a piezoelectric crystal by a system of electrodes cause elastic strains due to the piezoelectric effect, which propagate over the crystal surface in the form of a surfactant.

The basis of the operation of devices for surfactants are three physical processes:

- conversion of the input electrical signal into an acoustic wave;

- propagation of an acoustic wave along the surface of a sound duct;

- reflection and inverse transformation of the surfactant into an electrical encoded signal.

For direct and reverse surfactant conversion, interdigital transducers (IDT) are used.

The center frequency and bandwidth of the IDT are determined by the pitch of the electrodes and their number.

The order of placement of the electrodes carries individual information about the unit of production. IDT is fabricated by standard photolithography methods and by etching a thin metal film deposited on a piezoelectric crystal. The capabilities of modern photolithography make it possible to create IDTs operating at frequencies up to 3 GHz.

In production, an RFID tag is embedded under the label, or under the cork, or lid of each product unit. When passing each unit of production along the conveyor past a stationary or portable control device, including a reader, a high-frequency harmonic oscillation is formed by the master oscillator 1

U ₁ (t) = V ₁ ⋅cos (ω ₁ t + ϕ ₁ ), ϕ≤t≤T ₁ ,

where U _1; ω ₁ , ϕ ₁ , T ₁ - the amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the high-frequency harmonic oscillation, which through the duplexer 2 enters the transceiver antenna 3, is radiated by it into the air and irradiates the nearest radio-frequency label.

High-frequency harmonic oscillation at frequency ω _{1 is} captured by a microstrip antenna 17, converted by an interdigital transducer tuned to frequency ω ₁ , into an acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of piezoelectric crystal 16, is reflected from a set of 21 reflectors, and is again converted into a complex signal with phase shift keying ( Fmn)

U ₂ (t) = V ₂ ⋅cos [ω ₁ t + ϕ _к1 (t) + ϕ ₁ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where ϕ _k1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase, which displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), which displays the identification code of the unit of production, and ϕ _k1 , (t) = const for Kτ < t <(K + 1) τ _e , and can change abruptly at t = kτ _e , that is, at the boundaries between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ..., N ₁ ):

τ _e , N ₁ - the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T ₁ (T ₁ = N ₁ ⋅τ _e ).

In this case, the internal structure of the formed complex QPSK signal is determined by the topology of the interdigital transducer, has an individual character and contains information about a specific unit of production (for example, the serial number of the product).

The formed complex QPSK signal U ₂ (t) is radiated by the microstrip antenna 17, captured by the reader’s transceiver antenna, and fed through the duplexer 2 and high-frequency amplifier 1 to the first (information) input of the phase detector 5. To the second (reference) input of the phase detector 5 As the reference voltage, a high-frequency oscillation U ₁ (t) is supplied from the output of the master oscillator 1.

As a result of synchronous detection, the output of the phase detector 5 produces a low-frequency voltage

U _н1 (t) = V _н1 ⋅cos ϕ _к1 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V _n1 = 1 / 2V ₁ V ₂ ,

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t). This voltage is supplied to the first input of the code comparison unit 7, to the second input of which codes are supplied from the output of the identification code database 6.

Identification codes of all units of products are entered into the indicated database. If the codes to be compared are equal, then the block 7 code comparison generates a constant voltage, which is supplied to the control input of the key 8 and opens it. In the initial state, key 8 is always closed. In this case, the low-frequency voltage U _н1 (t) from the output of the phase detector 5 through the public key 8 is fed to the input of the delay line 9, where it is delayed for a time τ _s equal to the duration τ _{1 of the} modulating code M ₁ (t) (τ _s = τ ₁ ) , and goes to the first input of the adder 11.

The passage of the low-frequency voltage U _n1 (t) through the key 8 indicates the authenticity of the controlled products.

At the second input of the adder 11, a modulating code M ₂ (t) is supplied from the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 10 of duration τ ₂ . The modulating code M ₂ (t) is the code information about the manufacturer and the type of product containing at least information about the type, properties, composition and time of manufacture of the product. The output of the adder 11 is formed of the total modulating code

M _Σ (t) = M ₂ (t) + M ₂ (t),

duration τ _Σ = τ ₁ + τ ₂ , which is supplied to the first input of the phase manipulator 14.

The high-frequency oscillation U ₁ (t) from the output of the master oscillator 1 simultaneously enters the two inputs of the multiplier 12, the output of which produces a harmonic oscillation

U ₃ (t) = V ₃ ⋅cos (ω ₂ t + ϕ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V ₃ = 1/2 V ₁ ² , ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ , ϕ ₂ = 2ϕ ₁ ,

which is allocated by a narrow-band filter 13 and fed to the second input of the phase manipulator 14. At the output of the latter, a complex signal with phase manipulation is formed

U ₄ (t) = V ₃ ⋅cos [ω ₂ t + ϕ _{к2 (t)} + ϕ ₂ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where ϕ _{k2 (t)} = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the total modulating code M _Σ (t), which, after amplification in the power amplifier 15, passes through the duplexer 2 to the transceiver antenna 3, is radiated with it, it is captured by the receiving antenna 22 of the manufacturer’s equipment and, through the high-frequency amplifier 23 tuned to the frequency ω ₂ , is supplied to the first inputs of the first 32 and second 33 mixers, the second inputs of which supply voltage to the first 30 and second 31 local oscillators, respectively:

U _r1 (t) = V _r1 ⋅cos (ω _r1 t + ϕr ₁ ),

U _r2 (t) = V _r2 ⋅cos (ω _r2 t + ϕ _r2 )

Moreover, the frequencies ω _r1 and ω _{r2 of the} first 30 and second 31 local oscillators are spaced twice the value of the intermediate frequency

ω _r2 -ω _r1 = 2ωup

and are chosen symmetrical with respect to the carrier frequency ω _{1 of the} main receiving channel

ω ₁ -ω _r1 = ω _r2 -ω ₁ = ωup

The tuning frequency ω _{n1 of the} amplifiers 34, 35 and 47 of the intermediate frequency is chosen equal to the intermediate frequency

ω _n1 = ωup

The tuning frequency ω _{n2 of the} amplifiers 48 and 49 of the tripled intermediate frequency is chosen equal to the tripled intermediate frequency

ω _n2 = 3ωup

At the output of the mixers 32 and 33, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifiers 34, 35 and 47 distinguish intermediate voltage (differential frequency):

U _up1 (t) = V _upl⋅ cos [ω _up t + ϕ _k2 (t) + ϕ _up1 ],

U _up2 (t) = V _up2 ⋅cos [ω _up t + ϕ _k2 (t) + ϕ _up2 ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V _up1 = 1 / 2V ₃ ⋅V _r1 ;

V _up2 = 1 / 2V ₃ ⋅V _r2

ωup = ω ₁ -ω _rl = ω _r2 -ω ₁ - intermediate (difference frequency):

ϕ _up1 = ϕ ₂ -ϕ _r1 : ϕ _up2 = ϕ _r2 -ϕ ₂ ,

which enter the two inputs of the correlator 36. The correlator 36 is a series-connected multiplier and a low-pass filter.

The output voltage of the correlator 36 is proportional to the correlation function R (τ), which is compared with the threshold voltage U _then. in the threshold block 37. The threshold level of U _then. is exceeded only at a maximum correlator voltage of 36. Since the channel voltages U _up1 (t) and U _up2 (t) are formed by the same complex PSK signal U ₂ (t), received over the main channel at a frequency ω _2, there is a strong correlation, the output voltage of the correlator 36 reaches a maximum value of U _max and exceeds the threshold level of U _then. in the threshold block 37 (U _max > U _then. ). When exceeding the threshold level U _then. a threshold voltage is generated in the threshold block 37, which is supplied to the control input of the key 38, opening it. In the initial state, keys 38, 51, 54 and 55 are always closed.

The voltage U _up2 (t) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 35 is supplied to the input of the first amplitude detector 50, which selects its envelope. The latter enters the control input of the second key 51, opening it.

In this case, the first voltage U _up1 (t) of the intermediate frequency is _supplied through the public keys 51 and 38 from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 34 to the input of the first block 56 of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals, namely, to the first inputs of the multipliers 25, 26, 40 and 41.

The second inputs of the multipliers 26 and 40 are supplied with reference voltage from the outputs of the narrow-band filter 27 and the phase inverter 45, respectively:

U _{0 1} (t) = V ₀ ⋅cos (ω _up t + ϕ _up1 ),

U _{0 2} (t) = - V ₀ ⋅cos (ω _up t + ϕ _up1 ), 0≤t≤T ₁

As a result of the multiplication of these signals, the resulting oscillations are formed:

U _Σ1 (t) = V _Hl ⋅cosϕ _k2 (t) + V _нl ⋅cos [2ω _up t + ϕ _k2 (t) + 2ϕ _upl ],

U _Σ2 (t) = - V _н1 ⋅cosϕ _k2 (t) -V _н1 ⋅cos [2ω _up t + ϕ _k2 (t) + 2ϕ _up1 ],

where V _н1 = 1 / 2V _up1 ⋅V ₀ .

Analogs of the modulating code

U _н1 (t) = V _н1 ⋅cosϕ _k2 (t),

U _n2 (t) = - V _n1 ⋅cosϕ _k2 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

are allocated by low-pass filters 28 and 42, respectively, and fed to two inputs of the subtraction unit 46. Subtracting one of the other indicated voltages, taking into account their opposite polarity, doubled (total) voltage is formed at the output of the subtraction unit 46

U _n (t) = U _н1 (t) -U _н2 (t) = V _н ⋅cosϕ _k2 (t),

where V _n = 2V _n1 ,

that is, the summation of the absolute value of the stresses U _н1 (t) and U _н2 (t) is obtained.

In this case, the amplitude additive narrowband interference passes through two demodulators 24 and 39 in the same way, changing the amplitudes of the output detected voltages in the same direction. But in block 46 of the subtraction, they, remaining unipolar, are subtracted, that is, suppressed, mutually compensated.

The low-frequency voltage U _n2 (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 42 is fed to the input of the bass reflex 44, the output of which is formed of a low-frequency voltage

U _н3 (t) = V _н1 ⋅cosϕ _k2 (t)

Low-frequency voltages U _н1 (t) and U _н3 (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 28 and the phase inverter 44 are supplied to the second inputs of the multipliers 25 and 41, respectively, at the output of which harmonic voltages are formed:

U _{0 3} (t) = V ₄ ⋅cos (ω _up t + ϕ _upl ) + V ₄ ⋅cos [ω _up t + 2ϕ _k2 (t) + ϕ _up1 ] = V ₀ ⋅cos (ω _up t + ϕ _up1 )

U _{0 3} (t) = V ₄ ⋅cos (ω _up t + ϕ _upl ) + V ₄ ⋅cos [ω _up t + 2ϕ _k2 (t) + ϕ _up1 ] = V ₀ .

cos (ω _upl t + ϕ _up1 ),

where V ₄ = 1 / 2V _up1 ⋅V _n1 , V ₀ = 2 V ₄

These voltages are allocated by narrow-band filters 27 and 43, respectively.

The voltage U _{0 1} (t) from the output of the narrow-band filter 27 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 26. The voltage U _{0 3} (t) is allocated by the narrow-band filter 43 and is fed to the input of the phase inverter 45, the output of which produces a voltage

U _{0 2} (t) = - V ₀ ⋅cos (ω _up t + ϕ _upl ),

which is fed to the second input of the multiplier 40.

Therefore, the first 25 and second 26 multipliers, the first narrow-band filter 27 and the first low-pass filter 28 form the first universal demodulator 24 of complex PSK signals. The third 40 and fourth 41 multipliers, the second low-pass filter 42, the second narrow-band filter 43, the first 44 and second 45 phase inverters form a second universal demodulator 39 of complex PSK signals.

A necessary condition for the operation of any phase demodulator of complex QPSK signals is the presence of a reference voltage having a constant initial phase and a frequency equal to the frequency of the received QPSK signal at an intermediate frequency.

In the proposed universal demodulators 24 and 39 PSF signals, the reference voltage is extracted directly from the received PSK signal. Moreover, they are free from the phenomenon of reverse work inherent in the well-known demodulators of PSK signals (Pistolkors A.A., Siforov V.I., Kostas D.F., Travina G.A.), which also provide the selection of the reference voltage directly from received FMN signal.

The work of the method and system described above corresponds to the case of receiving complex QPSK signals along the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ (Fig. 3).

If a complex fmn signal

U _Z1 (t) = V _P1 ⋅cos [ω _{P1 t + φ k3 (t) +} φ _P1], 0≤t≤T _P1 is taken by the first image channel at frequency ω _P1, the output of mixers 32 and 33 are formed as follows voltage, respectively:

U _upз (t) = V _upз ⋅cos [ω _up t-ϕ _k3 (t) + ϕ _up3 ]

_{U up4 (t) = V up4} ⋅cos [3ω up t-φ k3 (t) + φ up4], 0≤t≤T _P1

where V _upз = 1/2 V _zl ⋅V _r1

V _up4 = 1 / 2V _P1 ⋅V _r2

ω_up= ω_r1-ω_s1 - intermediate frequency

φ _up3 = φ _r1 -φ _P1 φ _up4 = φ _r2 -φ _P1

3ω _up = ω _r2 -ω _z1 is the triple value of the intermediate frequency, which falls into the passband of the amplifiers 34 and 47 of the intermediate frequency and the amplifier 48 of the triple intermediate frequency. The voltage of the tripled intermediate frequency U _up4 (t) from the output of the amplifier 48 of the tripled intermediate frequency is supplied to the input of the second amplitude detector 52, where it is detected and fed to the control input of the third switch 54, opening it.

In this case, the voltage U _upз (t) from the output of the intermediate-frequency amplifier 47 is supplied through the public key 54 to the input of the second block 57 of universal demodulators of complex QPSK signals, which operates as described above when describing the operation of the first block 56 of universal demodulators of complex QPSK signals. If a complex fmn signal

U _s2 (t) = V _s2 cos [ω _{s2 t + φ k4 (t) +} φ _s2], 0≤t≤T _s2

are taken through the second mirror channel at a frequency of _s2 , then the following voltages are generated at the output of the mixers 32 and 33, respectively:

U _up5 (t) = V _up5 ⋅cos [3ω _up t + ϕ _k4 (t) + ϕ _up5 ],

_{U up6 (t) = V up6} ⋅cos [ω up t + φ k4 (t) + φ up6], 0≤t≤T _s2

where V _up5 = 1 / 2V _s2 ⋅V _rl ;

V _up6 = 1 / 2V _s2 ⋅V _r2 ;

3ω _up = ω _З2 -ω _r1 is the triple value of the intermediate frequency;

ω _up = ω _s2 -ωr ₁ - intermediate frequency;

ϕ _up5 = ϕ _z2 -ϕ _r1 ϕ _up6 = ϕ _z2 -ϕ _r2

which fall into the passband of the amplifier 49 triple the intermediate frequency. The voltage of the tripled intermediate frequency U _up5 (t) from the output of the amplifier 49 of the tripled intermediate frequency is supplied to the input of the third amplitude detector 53, where it is detected and fed to the control input of the fourth key 55, opening it.

In this case, the voltage U _up6 (t) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 35 through the public key 55 is supplied to the input of the third block 58 of universal demodulators of complex QPSK signals, which works as described above when describing the operation of the first block 56 of universal demodulators of complex QPSK signals.

It should be noted that with the simultaneous reception of complex QPSK signals through the first ω _З1 and second ω _З2 mirror channels, the same situation arises as with the reception of complex QPSK signals through the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ , i.e., ambiguity arises.

The indicated ambiguity is eliminated by correlation processing of channel stresses.

If complex PSK signals simultaneously received by the first and second ω _P1 ω _s2 mirror channels, the U _up3 (t) and U _up4 (t) is isolated voltage amplifiers 34 and 35 an intermediate frequency and fed to two inputs of the correlator 36. Since the data channel voltage are formed by different QPSK signals received at different frequencies ω _z1 and ω _z2 , so there is a weak correlation between them. The output voltage of the correlator 36 does not reach the maximum value and does not exceed the threshold level U _then. in the threshold block 37 (U <U _por .). Key 38 does not open and disambiguation is eliminated.

If a complex QPSK signal U _z1 (t) is received through the first mirror channel at a frequency ω _z1 , then the voltage U _up3 (t) is extracted by the intermediate frequency amplifier 34 and applied to the first input of the correlator 36. The output voltage of the correlator 36 is zero and the key 38 does not open .

If the complex QPSK signal U _up2 (t) is received through the second mirror channel at a frequency ω _З2 , then the voltage U _up6 (t) is extracted by the intermediate frequency amplifier 35 and is supplied to the second input of the correlator 36. The output voltage of the correlator 36 is also zero and the key 38 is not opens.

If complex PSK signals are simultaneously received on the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ along the first ω _z1 and second ω _z2 mirror channels, then all units of the consumer equipment are involved in the work.

The operation of the method and system described above corresponds to the control of the authenticity and movement of agricultural products in production.

When agricultural products are moved from the conveyor to the warehouse, the latter reads the data from the radio-frequency tag of each unit of output by the reader and enters the received data into the database in the warehouse, and when the products are taken out of the warehouse, the reader reads the data from the radio-frequency tag of each unit of exported goods and enter the mark to the server database in the warehouse about the movement of these products.

All product information is automatically entered into the database of the holding’s control unit, regardless of whether the manufacturer wants it or not. The RFID information is electronically digitally signed.

Access to the base of the monitoring device is available only to the appropriate officials of the fiscal authorities.

Product control is carried out at all stages of production, marketing and movement:

- at the production stage, a test batch of products is taken and the conformity of the information contained in the radio-frequency tag, reporting documents or databases in electronic form is checked;

- at the import stage, the conformity of the information contained in the radio frequency tag with the accompanying documents or databases in electronic form is checked;

- at the stage of moving and storage, the conformity of the information contained in the radio frequency tag with the accompanying and warehouse documents or databases in electronic form is checked;

- at the implementation stage, a control purchase is made and the compliance of the information contained in the radio frequency tag with the relevant documents and products is checked.

The main characteristics of the system that implements the proposed method include the following:

- average reader transmitter power - not more than 100 MW;

- frequency range - 400-420 MHz (900-920 MHz);

- range of action - not less than 20 m;

- the number of code combinations 2 ³² ;

- type of emitted signal - harmonic oscillation, type of response signal - complex signal with phase shift keying;

- dimensions of the RF tag 8 × 15 × 5 mm;

- the service life of the RFID tag is at least 20 years;

- power consumed by the RF tag - 0 W.

The main feature of these labels is the lack of power sources, small size and the use of complex signals with phase shift keying, which have high noise immunity, energy and structural secrecy.

The attenuation of narrow-band interference received via the main and mirror channels is carried out by two universal FMN demodulators of signals, which provide an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the subtraction unit and thereby increase the noise immunity, sensitivity and reception range of complex PSK signals.

Thus, the proposed method and system in comparison with the basic objects provide an extension of the range of operating frequencies without expanding the range of frequency tuning of local oscillators. This is achieved using the first and second mirror channels, which are equivalent and equivalent to the main reception channel.

Claims (9)

1. A method of controlling the authenticity and movement of agricultural products in production, namely, that each unit of agricultural products is assigned an identification code that is entered into the database of the producer’s server, and the authentication of agricultural products is determined by comparing the identification code of the unit of agricultural production with the code available in the specified database of identification codes, and if the codes match, they give a message about the authenticity of this unit of agricultural agricultural products, in this case, an RF tag is used as a carrier of identification codes for each unit of agricultural products, during the production of each unit of agricultural products, an RF tag is inserted under the label, or cork, or cover, the reader reads the primary code information of the RF tag and complements the primary RFID code information with manufacturer information and the type of product containing at least Information about the type, properties, time of manufacture of the product, its composition, forming the unit identification code, and an electronic signature, and then enter the unit identification code into the manufacturer’s server database, when moving products from the conveyor to the warehouse, the reader reads the data from radio-frequency tags of each unit of production and enter the data into the server database in the warehouse, and when exporting products from the warehouse, the reader reads data from the radio-frequency tags of each units of exported products and enter a mark in the server database at the warehouse about the movement of these products; in this case, a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves and a set of reflectors deposited on its surface is used as an RF mark, form a high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω ₁ they irradiate every unit of production on the conveyor, receive a microstrip antenna, convert it into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation along NOSTA piezoelectric crystal and back reflection is converted reflected acoustic wave to complex electromagnetic signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of an interdigital transducer reemit in ether catch transceiver antenna reader, increase in amplitude is performed synchronous detection at the frequency ω ₁ using a sounding high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω ₁ as a reference voltage, a low-frequency voltage is isolated, proportional identification code M ₁ (t) to each unit of production, hold it for a time equal to the duration of the identification code M ₁ (t), summarize with the identification code M ₂ (t) of the manufacturer of the product, containing at least information about the type, properties, and manufacturing time products, its composition, multiply the high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω ₁ itself, emit high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ , manipulate it in phase with the total code M _Σ (t) = M ₁ (t) + M ₂ (t) thereby forming a complex signal with phase shift keying at a frequency ω ₂ , amplify it by power, radiate it, receive the manufacturer’s antenna equipment, amplify it by amplitude, and convert it by frequency using the voltages of the first and second local oscillators, the frequencies ω _r1 and ω _{r2 of} which are separated by twice the intermediate frequency ω _r2 -ω _r1 = 2ω _up and choose symmetrical with respect to frequency ω _{1 of the} main receiving channel ω ₁ -ω _r1 = ω _r2 -ω ₁ = ω _up , isolate the first and second intermediate frequency voltages, multiply them among themselves, allocate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the correlation function R (τ), compare it with a threshold voltage U _then. and if it is exceeded, they decide to receive a complex signal with phase shift keying along the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ and enable its synchronous detection, which consists in the fact that the received complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency is multiplied with the first reference voltage and with the second reference voltage, the phase-shifted by 180 °, is isolated first and second low-frequency voltage proportional to the total code M _Σ (t), subtracts the second voltage from a first low frequency, is formed cumulatively a low-frequency voltage, introduced it into the producer server database while the first low-frequency voltage is multiplied with the received complex signal with phase shift keying at the intermediate frequency ω _up, isolated the first harmonic oscillation with a frequency ω _up and use it as the first reference voltage, a second low-frequency voltage shift 180 ° phase, multiply it with a received complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency ω _up , emit harmonic oscillation with a frequency ω _up , s move it in phase by 180 ° and use it as a second reference voltage, characterized in that during the frequency conversion of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, a third intermediate frequency voltage, first and second triple intermediate frequency voltage 3ω _up , second intermediate voltage the frequencies are detected by amplitude, the detected voltage is used to enable synchronous detection of a complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency ω _up received through the main channel at a frequency of ω ₁ , the first voltage of the tripled intermediate frequency 3ω _{up is} detected by amplitude, the detected voltage is used to enable synchronous detection of a complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency ω _up received through the first mirror channel at a frequency of ω _з1 , the second voltage tripled intermediate frequency 3ω _{up is} detected by amplitude, the detected voltage is used to enable synchronous detection of a complex signal from the phases manipulation at an intermediate frequency ω _up , received on the second mirror channel at a frequency ω _s2 . 2. A system for controlling the authenticity and movement of agricultural products, containing a reader, a radio frequency tag embedded under the label, or a cork, or a cover for each product unit, and receiving equipment of the manufacturer, while the reader contains a master oscillator, a duplexer, the input-output of which is connected in series with a transceiver antenna, high-frequency amplifier, phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a code comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the base output data of identification codes, a key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the phase detector, a delay line, an adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, a phase manipulator and a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the second input of the duplexer, are connected in series to the output of the master oscillator a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, and a narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase manipulator, the radio frequency This mark is made in the form of a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves deposited on its surface and a set of reflectors, an interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes connected to each other by buses connected to a microstrip antenna, the receiver equipment of the manufacturer contains in series included receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first heterode on, the first intermediate frequency amplifier, correlator, threshold block, the first key and the first block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals, which consists of a first multiplier connected in series to the output of the first key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first low-pass filter, the first narrow-band filter, a second multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first key, the first low-pass filter and the subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second lower filter t of the second block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals and the manufacturer's server database, the second input of the block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals consists of sequentially connected to the output of the first key of the third multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second phase inverter, the second low-pass filter of the first phase inverter, fourth a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first key, the second narrow-band filter and the second phase inverter, connected in series to the output of the high-frequency amplifier, the second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, and the second intermediate-frequency amplifier, the output of which is connected to the second input of the correlator, the frequencies ω _r1 and ω _{r2 of the} first and second local oscillators are separated by twice the intermediate frequency ω _r2 -ω _r1 = 2ω _up and are chosen symmetrical with respect to frequency ω _{1 of the} main receiving channel ω ₁ = ω _r1 = ω _r2 -ω ₁ = ω _up , characterized in that the consumer receiving equipment is equipped with a third intermediate frequency amplifier, two triple intermediate frequency amplifiers, three amplitude detectors, second, third and fourth keys, second and third blocks of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals, and the first is connected to the output of the second intermediate frequency amplifier an amplitude detector and a second switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output is connected to the second the first key input, the output of the second mixer is connected in series with the first amplifier of the triple intermediate frequency, the second amplitude detector, the third key, the second input of which is connected through the third amplifier of the intermediate frequency to the output of the first mixer, and the second block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals, to the output of the first mixer a second triple intermediate frequency amplifier, a third amplitude detector, a fourth switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second amplifier, are connected in series an intermediate frequency amplifier, and the third block of universal demodulators of complex PSK signals.

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