RU2439696C1 - Method to control authenticity and flow of alcohol goods - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technologies. ^ SUBSTANCE: method is realised with a reader, a radio-frequency mark and manufacturer's equipment. The reader comprises a driving oscillator 1, a duplexer 2, a transceiving antenna 3, a high frequency amplifier 4, a phase detector 5, a data base 6 of identification codes, a unit 7 of codes comparison, a key 8, a delay line 9, a generator 10 of pseudorandom sequence, a summator 11, a multiplier 12, a narrow-band filter 13, a phase manipulator 14, a power amplifier 15. The radio-frequency mark comprises a piezocrystal 16, a microstrip antenna 17, electrodes 18, buses 19 and 20, a set 21 of reflectors. The manufacturer's equipment comprises a receiving antenna 22, a high frequency amplifier 23, multipliers 25 and 26, a demodulator 24 of phased-shift keyed signals, a narrowband filter 27, a low pass filter 28 and a database 29 of the manufacturer's server. ^ EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of monitoring authentic goods and their flow by using radio-frequency marks on surface acoustic waves. ^ 3 dwg

Description

The proposed method relates to the field of electronic information systems, in particular to methods that implement information support in remote access networks and aimed at identifying products received for sale.

Currently, the authenticity of the products sold, as a rule, is determined by external signs, for example, relevant documents accompanying the products, symbolic markings applied to the products. The absence of such external signs, as a rule, indicates that the products are classified as counterfeit, counterfeit or unaccounted for. But even the presence of external signs of products in today's conditions of widespread and affordable use of high technology does not allow us to reliably assume that the products sold are genuine.

A known method of controlling the authenticity of products, according to which the authenticity of products is determined by the conformity of its external attributes with the corresponding marking data established by the manufacturer of this product (GOST 16317-87 "Electrical household refrigeration appliances", general specifications, section 3.27 "Marking", 1987).

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency and the complexity of establishing the fact of conformity of external signs with the marking data set by the manufacturer, since the specified correspondence can only be established by specialists as a result of merchandising expertise. Examination takes time and is an expensive service. This approach is unacceptable when conducting sales transactions in relation to products that often come not directly from the manufacturer, but through intermediaries.

There are also known methods of authenticating products (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1832318; RF patents No. 2106689, 2128856, 2132569, 2181503, 2183349, 2199781, 2225032, 2292587; US patents No. 4641347, 5170044, 5528490, 6005960; French patent No. 2731816; Japanese patents No. 5165852, 2001344324; EP patents No. 080029, 0773503, 0773505; patents WO No. 93/22745, 97/19821 and others).

Of the known methods closest to the proposed one is the "Method of authenticity and movement of alcoholic beverages" (RF patent No. 2292587, G06K 5/02, 2005), which is selected as a prototype.

The specified method provides an increase in reliability and a reduction in the timing of determining the authenticity of products, as well as increasing the effectiveness of control over genuine products and their movement. In the known method, each unit of production is assigned an identification code that is entered into the database of the manufacturer’s server, a radio frequency tag in the form of a transponder with a built-in antenna and a microcircuit with the identification codes recorded in it is used as a carrier of identification codes, which is supplied to the unit of production on the conveyor during production, when moving products to the warehouse or point of sale, they read identification codes and enter this data into the database on the warehouse server Is the point of sale and at the same time to the fiscal authority server database. During control, read and stored codes are compared.

The known method is based on the technique of radio frequency identification (RFID). RFID is a technology that allows you to automatically collect information about a particular object, such as the location of vehicles, goods transported by them, identify owners and other users, and get the necessary information quickly and easily, without human intervention and, accordingly, with a minimum number of errors .

The following RFID technologies are currently used: TIRIS (134.2 kHz), Tag-It (13.56 MHz), UHP (850 MHz and higher) and LF / UHF (134.2 kHz / 850 MHz).

In general, a radio frequency identification system comprises a reader (reader) with an antenna and transponder RF tags (tags) operating in half-duplex (HDX-hali-duplex) mode on a “request-response” basis with frequency-modulated signals.

When using TIRIS technology (a typical data reading range does not exceed 1 m), a request from the reader is generated in the form of a radio frequency packet with a frequency of 134.2 kHz approximately every 50 ms. Each tag located in the reader’s field of action and receiving such a pulse forms a response frequency-modulated signal that carries information about the identification object. This information is a binary code that can be written at the factory or programmed by the user. The response signal from the tag is transmitted in the form of frequency manipulation (FSK) at frequencies of 134.2 kHz and 123.2 kHz. Tags are known in the form of plastic cards, petals and miniature capsules, key rings.

Mid-range and high-frequency RFIDs have a significantly longer range than low-frequency RFIDs: 1.5 m in the 13.56 MHz band, 75 m in the 2.45 GHz band.

However, transponder RF tags operating in half-duplex mode on the basis of a “request-response” principle with frequency-modulated signals are distinguished by a relatively low efficiency and reliability.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of control over genuine products and their movement through the use of radio frequency tags on surface acoustic waves.

The problem is solved in that the method of controlling the authenticity and movement of alcoholic products in production, which, in accordance with the closest analogue, is that each unit of production is assigned an identification code that is entered into the database of the manufacturer’s server, and the authentication of products is determined by comparison the identification code of the unit of production with the code available in the specified database of identification codes, and if the codes match, they give a message about the authenticity of this unit of production, At the same time, a radio-frequency tag is used as a carrier of identification codes for each product unit, during production, each product unit is embedded on the conveyor with a radio-frequency tag under the label, or cork, or cover, the reader reads the primary code information of the radio-frequency tag and supplement the primary code information of the radio-frequency tag of the code information about the manufacturer and type of product containing at least information about the type, properties, time of manufacture of the product, its composition, image having an identification code of a unit of production, and an electronic signature, and then enter the identification code of a unit of production into the database of the manufacturer’s server, when moving products from the conveyor to the warehouse, the reader reads the data from the RF tag of each unit of production and enters the received data into the server database in the warehouse, and when exporting products from the warehouse, the reader reads the data from the radio frequency label of each unit of exported products and enters a mark in the server database on The warehouse for the movement of this product differs from the closest analogue in that a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves and a set of reflectors deposited on its surface is used as an RF tag, while the interdigital transducer contains two comb electrode systems connected rails associated with microstrip antenna formed also on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal, form a high frequency oscillation with a frequency w ₁ of they irradiate each unit of production on the conveyor, receive a microstrip antenna, convert it into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, convert the reflected acoustic wave into a complex electromagnetic signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, reradiate it is broadcast, it is captured by the transceiver antenna of the reader, amplified in amplitude, synchronous detection is performed for an hour OTE w _1, using as a reference voltage probe high-frequency oscillation with a frequency of w _1, allocate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the identification code M ₁ (t) of each production unit, delays it for a time equal to the duration of an identification M ₁ (t) code is added to the identification code M ₂ (t) output products containing at least information about the type, properties, production time of manufacture, composition, multiplied high frequency oscillation with a frequency w ₁ on itself, separated vysokocha -frequency oscillation with a frequency of w ₂ = 2w _1, manipulate its phase total code M _Σ (t) = M ₁ (t) + M ₂ (t), thereby forming a composite signal with a phase shift keying at the frequency w _2, amplify it by power, radiate it, receive the manufacturer’s antenna equipment, amplify it in amplitude, multiply it with the reference voltage, isolate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the total code M _Σ (t), enter it into the manufacturer’s server database, at the same time multiply the low-frequency voltage with the received complex signal with phase manipulation emit harmonic oscillation with a frequency w ₂ and use it as a reference voltage.

The structural diagram of a reader that implements the proposed method is presented in figure 1. Functional diagram of a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves is presented in figure 2. The structural diagram of the equipment of the manufacturer is shown in Fig.3.

The reader contains serially connected master oscillator 1, a duplexer 2, the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna 3, a high-frequency amplifier 4, a phase detector 5, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1, a code comparison unit 7, the second input of which is connected to the output of the identification code database 6, key 8, the second input of which is connected to the output of the phase detector 5, the delay line 9, the adder 11, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 10, phase m a nipulator 14 and a power amplifier 15, the output of which is connected to the second input of the duplexer 2. A multiplier 12 is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1, and a narrow-band filter 13, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase manipulator 14 .

The radio-frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal 16 with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAW) and a set of reflectors deposited on its surface. IDT contains two comb systems of electrodes 18 connected to each other by buses 19 and 20, connected with a microstrip antenna 17.

The receiving equipment of the manufacturer includes a receiving antenna 22 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 23, a second multiplier 26, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter 28, a narrow-band filter 27, and the first multiplier 25, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 23, a filter 28 low frequencies and a database 29 of the server manufacturer.

The multipliers 24 and 25, the narrow-band filter 27 and the low-frequency amplifier 28 form a universal demodulator 24 of complex QPSK signals.

The proposed method for controlling the authenticity and movement of alcoholic products is implemented as follows.

A feature of the method is that as a carrier of identification codes for each unit of production, an RF tag is used in the form of a piezocrystal 16 with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAW) and a set of reflectors 21. IDT contains two comb systems of electrodes 18, which are interconnected by tires 19 and 20, connected with a microstrip antenna 17.

The principle of operation of the interdigital transducer of a surfactant is based on the fact that the electric fields in space and time created in a piezoelectric crystal by a system of electrodes cause elastic strains due to the piezoelectric effect, which propagate over the crystal surface in the form of a surfactant.

The basis of the operation of devices on surfactants are three physical processes:

- conversion of the input electrical signal into an acoustic wave;

- propagation of an acoustic wave along the surface of the sound duct;

- reflection and inverse transformation of the surfactant into an electrical signal.

For forward and reverse surfactant conversion, interdigital transducers (IDT) are used.

The center frequency and bandwidth of the IDT are determined by the pitch of the electrodes and their number. The order of placement of the electrodes carries individual information about the unit of production. IDT is fabricated using standard methods of photolithography and etching of a thin metal film deposited on a piezoelectric crystal. The capabilities of modern photolithography make it possible to create IDTs operating at frequencies up to 3 GHz.

In production, an RFID tag is embedded in the label or under the cork or lid of each product unit. When each unit of production passes along the conveyor past a standard or portable control device, including a reader, a high-frequency oscillation is formed by the master oscillator 1

u ₁ (t) = U ₁ · cos (w ₁ t + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where U ₁ , w ₁ , φ ₁ , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of high-frequency oscillations,

which through the duplexer 2 enters the transceiver antenna 3, is radiated by it into the air and irradiates the nearest radio frequency tag. High-frequency harmonic oscillation at a frequency w _{1 is} captured by a microstrip antenna 17, converted by an interdigital transducer tuned to a frequency w ₁ , into an acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 16, is reflected from a set of 21 reflectors, and is again converted into a complex signal with phase shift keying ( FMN):

u ₂ (t) = U ₂ · cos [w ₁ t + φ _к1 (t) + φ ₁ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where φ _k1 (t) = {0; π} is the manipulated component of the phase, which displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), which displays the identification code of the unit of production, and φ _к1 (t) = const for Kτ _e <t <(K + 1) τ _e change abruptly at t = Kτ _e , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ..., N ₁ -1);

τ _e , N ₁ - the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T ₁ (T ₁ = N ₁ · τ _e ).

Moreover, the internal structure of the formed complex QPSK signal is determined by the topology of the interdigital transducer, has an individual character and contains information about a specific unit of production (for example, the serial number of the product).

The generated complex QPSK signal u ₂ (t) is radiated by the microstrip antenna 17, captured by the transceiver antenna 3 of the reader, and fed through the duplexer 2 and high-frequency amplifier 4 to the first (information) input of the phase detector 5. To the second (reference) input of the phase detector 5, a high-frequency oscillation u ₁ (t) is supplied as a reference voltage from the output of the master oscillator 1. As a result of synchronous detection, a low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 5

u _n1 (t) = U _n1 · cosφ _kl (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ;

,Where

,

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t).

This voltage is supplied to the first input of the code comparison unit 7, to the second input of which codes are sent from the output of the base 6 identification code data. Identification codes of all units of manufactured products are entered into this database. If the compared codes are equal, then the block 7 code comparison generates a constant voltage, which is supplied to the control input of the key 8 and opens it. In the initial state, key 8 is always closed. In this case, the low-frequency voltage u _n1 (t) from the output of the phase detector 5 through the public key 8 is fed to the input of the delay line 9, where it is delayed by a time τ _s equal to the duration τ _{1 of the} modulating code M ₁ (t), and fed to the first input of the adder eleven.

The passage of the low-frequency voltage u _n1 (t) through the key 8 indicates the authenticity of the controlled products.

At the second input of the adder 11, a modulating code M ₁ (t) is supplied from the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 10 of duration τ ₂ . The modulating code M ₂ (t) is the code information about the manufacturer and the type of product containing at least information about the type, properties, composition and time of manufacture of the product. The output of the adder 11 is formed of the total modulating code

M _Σ (t) = M ₁ (t) + M ₂ (t),

duration τ _Σ = τ ₁ + τ ₂ ,

which goes to the first input of the manipulator 14.

The high-frequency oscillation u ₁ (t) from the output of the master oscillator 1 simultaneously enters two inputs of the multiplier 12, the output of which produces a harmonic voltage

u ₃ (t) = U ₃ · cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

,Where

,

w ₂ = 2w ₁ , φ ₂ = 2φ ₁ ,

which is allocated by a narrow-band filter 13 and fed to the second input of the phase manipulator 14. At the output of the latter, a complex signal with phase manipulation is formed

u ₄ (t) = U ₃ · cos [w ₂ t + φ _к2 (t) + φ ₂ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where φ _к2 (1) = {0; π} is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the total modulating code M _Σ (t),

which, after amplification in the power amplifier 15 through the duplexer 2, enters the transceiver antenna 3, is broadcast by it, is captured by the receiving antenna 22 of the manufacturer’s equipment, and through the high-frequency amplifier 23 tuned to the frequency w ₂ , it is supplied to the first inputs of the multipliers 25 and 26. On the second input of the first multiplier 25 is supplied with a reference voltage

u ₀ (t) = U ₀ · cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

from the output of the narrow-band filter 27. As a result of multiplication, the resulting voltage

u _Σ (t) = U _н2 · cosφ _к2 (t) + U _н2 · cos [2w ₂ t + φ _к2 (t) + 2φ ₂ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

Where

Low frequency voltage

U _n2 (t) = U _n2 · cos (φ _к2 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁

is allocated by the low-pass filter 28 and enters the database 29 of the manufacturer’s server.

At the same time, the low-frequency voltage u _Н2 (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 28 is fed to the second input of the second multiplier 26. A harmonic voltage is generated at the output of the multiplier 26

U ₀ (t) = U ₄ · cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ) + U ₄ · cos [w ₂ t + 2φ _к2 (1) + φ ₂ ] = 2U ₄ · cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ) = U ₀ cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

; U₀=2U₄; 2φ_к2(t)={0; 2π},Where

; U ₀ = 2U ₄ ; 2φ _k2 (t) = {0; 2π},

which is allocated by the narrow-band filter 27, is used as a reference voltage and is supplied to the second input of the first multiplier 25.

Therefore, the multipliers 25 and 26, the narrow-band filter 27 and the low-pass filter 28 form a universal demodulator 24 of complex QPSK signals.

A necessary condition for the operation of any phase demodulator of complex QPSK signals is the presence of a reference voltage having a constant initial phase and a frequency equal to the frequency of the received QPSK signal.

In the proposed universal demodulator of 24 QPSK signals, the reference voltage is extracted directly from the received QPSK signal. Moreover, it is free from the phenomenon of “reverse work” inherent in the well-known demodulators of FMN signals (Pistolkors A. A., Siforov V. I., Kostas D. F., Travin S. A.), which also provide the allocation of the reference voltage directly from the received FMN signal.

The work of the method described above corresponds to the control of the authenticity and movement of alcoholic products in production.

When products are moved from the conveyor to the warehouse, the latter reads the data from the radio-frequency tag of each product unit by the reader and enters the data into the server database in the warehouse, and when the products are removed from the warehouse, the data is read by the reader from the radio-frequency tag of each unit of the exported product and enter the mark to the server database in the warehouse about the movement of these products.

All product information is automatically entered into the database of the plant’s control device, regardless of whether the manufacturer wants it or not. Tag information is digitally signed.

Access to the base of the monitoring device is available only to the appropriate officials of the fiscal authorities.

When selling a bottle or other container with alcohol (packaging, box, pallet), it is carried or transported by a cashier or other person past a control device that includes a reader mounted next to the cash register or built into the counter. In case of violation of the authenticity of information (fake label or data), the monitoring device emits an alarm sound signal.

Product control is carried out at all stages of production, marketing and movement:

- at the production stage, a test batch of products is taken and the conformity of the information contained in the radio-frequency tag, reporting documents or databases in electronic form is checked;

- at the import stage, the conformity of the information contained in the radio frequency tag with the accompanying documents or databases in electronic form is checked;

- at the stage of movement and storage, the conformity of the information contained in the radio-frequency tag with the accompanying and warehouse documents or databases in electronic form is checked;

- at the implementation stage, a control purchase is made and the compliance of the information contained in the radio frequency tag with the relevant documents and products is checked.

The main characteristics of the system that implements the proposed method include the following:

- the average power of the reader transmitter is not more than 100 MW;

- frequency range - 400-420 MHz (900-920 MHz);

- range - not less than 200 m;

- the number of code combinations - 2 ³² -2 ¹²⁸ ;

- type of emitted signal - harmonic oscillation, type of response signal

- a complex signal with phase shift keying;

- dimensions of the radio-frequency tag -8 × 15 × 5 mm;

- the service life of the RFID tag is at least 20 years;

- power consumed by the RF tag - 0 W.

Thus, the proposed method in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provides increased efficiency and reliability of control over genuine products and their movement. This is achieved by using radio frequency tags on surface acoustic waves.

The main feature of these labels is the lack of power sources, small size and the use of complex signals with phase shift keying.

Complex QPSK signals have high noise immunity, energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex QPSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Complex QPSK signals allow the use of an effective type of selection — structural selection. This means that it becomes possible to separate signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling the authenticity and movement of alcoholic products in production, namely, that each unit of production is assigned an identification code that is entered into the database of the manufacturer’s server, and the authenticity of products is determined by comparing the identification code of the unit of production with the code available in the specified database of identification codes , and if the codes match, they give a message about the authenticity of this unit of production, while as a carrier of identification codes for each unit of The instructions use a radio-frequency tag, during production on the conveyor, each unit of production embeds a radio-frequency tag under the label, or cork, or cover, reads by the reader the primary code information of the radio-frequency tag and supplement the primary code information of the radio-frequency tag with code information about the manufacturer and the type of product containing at least information on the type, properties, time of manufacture of the product, its composition, forming the identification code of the unit of production, and an electronic signature, and for they enter the identification code of a unit of production into the database of the manufacturer’s server, when moving products from the conveyor to the warehouse, the reader reads the data from the radio-frequency label of each unit of production and enters the received data into the server’s database in the warehouse, and reads out of the warehouse reader of data from the radio-frequency label of each unit of exported products and enter a mark in the server database in the warehouse about the movement of these products, characterized in that as a radio a frequency mark using a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves deposited on its surface and a set of reflectors, while the interdigital transducer contains two comb electrode systems connected by buses connected to a microstrip antenna, also made on the surface of the piezocrystal, to form a high-frequency vibration with a frequency w _1, irradiated them each unit of production on the assembly line, taking the microstrip antenna, converts They are emitted into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, convert the reflected acoustic wave into a complex electromagnetic signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it into the ether, pick up the transceiver antenna of the reader, and amplify it by amplitude perform synchronous detection at a frequency w ₁ using a probing high-frequency oscillation as a reference voltage I with a frequency w ₁ , allocate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the identification code M ₁ (t) to each unit of production, hold it for a time equal to the duration of the identification code M ₁ (t), sum it up with the identification code M ₂ (t) of the manufacturer of the product, containing at least information about the type, properties, production time of the product, its composition, multiply the high-frequency oscillation with a frequency w ₁ by itself, isolate a high-frequency oscillation with a frequency w ₂ = 2w ₁ , manipulate it in phase with the total code M _∑ (t) = M ₁ (t) + M ₂ (t), forms Thus, complex signal with phase shift keying at a frequency w ₂ is amplified by power, radiated, received by the manufacturer’s antenna equipment, amplified by amplitude, multiplied with a reference voltage, a low-frequency voltage proportional to the total code M _∑ (t) is isolated, introduced it into the manufacturer’s server database, at the same time the low-frequency voltage is multiplied with the received complex signal with phase shift keying, harmonic oscillation with a frequency of w _{2 is} isolated and used as a reference voltage I am.

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