RU2712465C1 - Device for opening of rotary flap opening in airframe of aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering. Device for opening rotary flap opening in airframe of aircraft comprises remotely controlled multi-link mechanism of opening fold and lock locking flap, holding it in closed position. Flap opening mechanism comprises tension spring (4), a spring tensioning mechanism (5), double-arm rocker (6) fixed on glider structure (7) with possibility of rotation, and tie-rod (8), which is pivotally connected by one end (9) to first arm (10) of rocking arm (6), and second (11) – with rotary flap (1). Tension spring (4) is pivotally connected by first end (12) to second arm (13) of rocker (6), and by second (14) – to actuating element (15) of the tension mechanism of spring (5). Spring tensioning mechanism (5) is designed to hold stretched spring (5).

EFFECT: invention is aimed at reducing opening time of the opening flap, increasing durability and failure-free operation.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aircraft manufacturing and can be used in the design of drives for emergency opening of the sash of the opening.

The dimensions, shape and location of access hatches should provide convenient access to serviced (controlled) structural elements, units and equipment blocks, crew rescue systems, cargo compartments, weapon compartments, and ground support and control connection points.

Under certain flight conditions, there is a need to drop cargo to a predetermined specific point in the terrain, while special requirements are placed on the speed of opening the aperture in an airframe at minimized times, for example, to discharge water when extinguishing forest fires so as not to fly over location of the source of fire.

A device is known for emergency opening of an airplane door, consisting of a pneumatic cylinder-type drive, and the speed and pressure of gas supply to the cylinder is controlled by a controller, depending on the requirements for the maximum opening time, in relation to a specific situation (patent US 6786454 B2, publ. IPC: B64C 1/14, B64D 25/00, B64D 25/14; publ. September 7, 2004).

The disadvantages of the technical solution are the increase in dimensions and weight of the structure associated with the need to place pneumatic equipment and gas tanks.

A device for emergency door opening of an aircraft, equipped with a multi-link door opening mechanism comprising a movable rod made with the ability to move between the open and closed position of the door, is constantly loaded with an elastic element, such as a tension spring and held by locking clamps (patent document CA 2837714 A1; IPC: B64C 1/14; publ. December 6, 2012)

The disadvantages of the device are: the possibility of loss of elasticity by the elastic element, due to its constant loading, entailing a decrease in durability and reliability, as well as the need for additional training during subsequent use of the device, as well as the need to increase the length of the linkage, in the case of a requirement to increase the pulling force to open.

The prototype of the invention is the Aircraft Liquid Discharge Control System, comprising a remotely controlled multi-link mechanism for opening the valves and a locking element, while the actuators of the mechanism for opening the valves are pivotally connected with the upper part of the airframe and the lower with the valves, with the locking-actuating part of the system made in the form of a combination of executive-lock power and lock cylinders, each of the locks fixing the closed position of the valves with a low-power drive and a sensor synchronization is located inside each of the cylinders, in its upper part, and the lower rod parts of all cylinders are equipped with pyrotechnic connectors, while each of the lock cylinders is partially filled with ferromagnetic fluid (patent application RU 94027814 A1; IPC В64С 1/14; publ. 27.06. 1996)

The disadvantages of the design of the system are its complexity, which affects the characteristics of reliability, durability and maintainability, as well as the increase in the waiting time for opening the sash, associated with the delay time of the elements of the system of executive-lock power cylinders.

The task set during the development of the invention was to create the design of a reliable device that provides the minimum opening time for the aircraft opening when the aircraft is flying in the expected area of discharge.

The problem is solved by the design of the device for opening the rotary shutter of the aperture in the glider of the aircraft, containing a remotely controlled multi-link mechanism for opening the shutter and a lock for locking the shutter that holds it in the closed position, the mechanism for opening the shutter contains at least one tension spring, a spring tension mechanism, two shoulders the rocker is mounted on the power structure of the airframe with the possibility of rotation, and the rod is pivotally connected at one end to the first rocking arm, and the second to the gate leaf, the tension spring is pivotally connected by the first end to the second rocking arm, and the second to the actuator of the spring tension mechanism, configured to hold the extended spring

The technical result achieved during the implementation of the invention is to increase the arsenal of technical means associated with the creation of a reusable mechanism providing a minimum opening time for the shutter of the aircraft aperture, when it is required to suddenly open in the flight zone defined by the flight task, and to increase the durability and reliability of the device.

In special cases of execution:

- for simplicity and reliability of implementation, the spring tension mechanism can be made in the form of a screw mechanism containing a spindle that moves the carriage (by means of a nut) which is the actuator of the spring tension mechanism;

- to reduce the response time, the locking lock of the sash can be made in the form of a magnetic grip equipped with a solenoid, which blocks the sash in the closed position.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

- FIG. 1. The initial position of the elements of the device for opening the rotary shutter of the opening in the glider of the aircraft during regular flight;

- FIG. 2. The position of the elements of the device for opening the rotary shutter of the opening in the glider of the aircraft in the position "Waiting for opening in accelerated mode";

- FIG. 3 The position of the elements of the device for opening the rotary shutter of the opening in the glider of the aircraft in the open position;

- FIG. 4. Scheme for measuring the geometric dimensions of the rocking arms and traction arms, the places of hinging the two-arm rocking chair on the glider and the second end of the traction on the rotary wing, when the length of the unstretched spring 10 is in the initial position;

- FIG. 5. The scheme of static loading of the device elements in the position "Waiting for opening in accelerated mode";

- FIG. 6. The position diagram of the elements of the device for opening the rotary shutter of the opening in the glider of the aircraft in the open position;

The opening device of the rotary shutter 1 of the opening in the glider of the aircraft contains remotely controlled: a multi-link mechanism for opening the shutter 2 and the lock of the lock 3 of the shutter, holding it in the closed position (Fig. 1).

Remote control can be provided from an external control panel located in the cockpit, connected to the drive mechanisms via the controller with an Arinc-429 interface, for issuing one-time commands.

The sash opening mechanism comprises at least one tension spring 4, a spring tension mechanism 5, a two-arm rocker 6, rotatably mounted on the power structure of the airframe 7, and a rod 8. The rod 8 is pivotally connected by one end 9 to the first shoulder 10 of the rocker 6 and the second 11 - with a rotary shutter 1. The tension spring 4 is pivotally connected by the first end 12 to the second arm 13 of the rocker 6, and the second 14 to the actuator 15 of the spring tension mechanism 5. The spring tension mechanism 5 is made with the possibility of fixing holding spring 5, depending on the need, determined by the design intent, for example, in the "Waiting for opening in accelerated mode" position (Fig. 2, 5).

For simplicity and reliability of implementation, the spring tension mechanism 5 can be made in the form of a screw mechanism containing a spindle that moves the carriage, which is an actuating element 15 of the spring tension mechanism 5, connected to the second 14 end of the tension spring. In this case, the drive of the mechanism may be an electric motor controlled by the commands of the controller.

To reduce the response time, the locking lock 3 of the sash can be made in the form of a magnetic grip equipped with a solenoid that locks the sash in the closed position.

The device is used as follows.

In the "normal mode" (Fig. 1), the rotary shutter 1 is held in the closed position by the locking lock 3. The spring 4 is unloaded, i.e. it does not create a loading force. Opening the aperture in the airframe of the aircraft is done by opening the lock 3 and moving the actuator 15 of the tension mechanism to the opening position of FIG. 3. In this case, the spring 4 acts as an intermediate rod turning the rocker 6. The opening time of the sash in “normal mode” depends on the speed of movement of the actuator, which extends the inertia spring-link of the links of the multi-link mechanism.

Since the spring 4 is in the unloaded or partially loaded state, its elastic-stiff bone characteristics are maintained for a longer time, increasing the reliability and durability of the device.

When the aircraft is flying in areas where an emergency opening of the sash may be necessary, determined by the flight task, the sash opening device is switched to the “Waiting for opening in accelerated mode” mode (Fig. 2, 5.) In this mode, the pivoting sash is held in the closed position by the locking lock 3. The spring 4 is loaded with a tensile force created by moving the actuator 15 of the tension mechanism to the opening position. Fixing the spring in the loaded state can be performed by locking the actuator 15 of the spring tension mechanism 5, in the position of the maximum possible extension of the spring (Fig. 2, 5).

A diagram of the static loading of the device elements in the "Waiting for opening in accelerated mode" position is presented in (Fig. 5), where:

- вектор силу упругости, возникающая на пружине при ее растяжении -

;

- vector elastic force arising on the spring when it is stretched -

;

- момент силы, возникающий на качалке под действием

не плечо второй качалки;

- moment of force arising on the rocking chair under the action of

not the shoulder of a second rocking chair;

- вектор силы, действующий на створку со стороны тяги в местесоединения второго 11 конца тяги с поворотной створкой 1;

- the force vector acting on the sash from the thrust side in the connection of the second 11 end of the thrust with the rotary sash 1;

- момент, возникающий на поворотной створке 1 от действия

обеспечивающий экстренный поворот створки 1 на открытие.

- moment arising on the rotary leaf 1 from the action

providing emergency rotation of the sash 1 to open.

A loaded system has potential energy determined by the potential energy of an elastically deformable stress spring

When the locking lock 3 is opened, for example, by turning off the solenoid, the potential energy of the loaded elements is released and passes into the kinetic energy of the movement of the moving parts of the mechanism for opening the leaf and turning the leaf itself.

The opening of the sash occurs in the “accelerated mode”, requiring less time for implementation, because, unlike the implementation of the opening of the sash in the “normal mode”, the time delay of opening associated with the time required for the actuator to move the spring tension mechanism from its original position is eliminated, corresponding to the position of the unloaded spring with the sash closed (Fig. 1), to the position corresponding to the unloaded state corresponding to the position of the unloaded spring with the sash open e (Fig. 3), as well as the inertia of the statically loaded moving elements of the opening device (dμ / dt).

в положении «Ожидания открытия в ускоренном режиме» и ее жесткость (Фиг. 2, 5) определяются конструкторскими расчетами возникающих сил и моментов и подтверждаются экспериментально, с учетом необходимости обеспечения максимально возможного ускоренного экстренного поворота створки 1 на открытие (Фиг. 3, 6), в случае реализации устройства в «ускоренном режиме».The geometric dimensions of the rocking arms 16, 17 and the rod 18, the hinged location of the two-arm rocking chair on the glider 7 and the second end of the rod 11 on the rotary wing 1, as well as the relative elongation of the extended spring

in the “Waiting for opening in accelerated mode” position and its rigidity (Fig. 2, 5) are determined by the design calculations of the forces and moments that arise and are confirmed experimentally, taking into account the need to ensure the maximum possible emergency emergency turn of the sash 1 to open (Fig. 3, 6) , in case of implementation of the device in “accelerated mode”.

The geometric size of the ears of the rocker 6 are the distances from the center of the hinge joint on the shoulders to the axis of rotation of the rocker 16, 17. The geometric size of the rod 8 18 is the distance between the centers of the hinge joint of its end 9 with the first shoulder 10 of the rocker and the second 11 end with a rotary wing 1 (Fig. . 4).

To extinguish the energy arising when the sash is opened in the “accelerated mode” and to prevent its transfer to the glider, an energy damper damper can be used to provide braking of the mechanism after the sash reaches a predetermined angle of rotation connected to the rocker or to the sash and mounted on the power structure of the glider.

In the open position (Fig. 3, 6), the locking lock 3 is open, while the pivoting sash can be held by the potential energy of stretching the spring when the actuating element 15 of the tension mechanism is in the open position. (Fig. 3).

The spring 4 is unloaded or loaded with the force necessary to hold the pivot leaf in the closed position, i.e. it does not create significant loading force, which also increases the durability of its use.

When closing the sash: the actuator 14 is transferred to its original position (Fig. 3). The leaf 1, under the action of its own weight or the provided traction device, moves to the closed position and is captured by the locking lock 3 of the leaf, holding it in the closed position (Fig. 1).

The given use cases confirm the provision, during the implementation of the invention, of reducing the opening time of the shutter of the aircraft aperture, when it is required to suddenly open in the area defined by the flight task and to increase the durability and reliability of the opening device.

Claims (3)

1. The device for opening a rotary shutter of an aperture in an airframe of an aircraft, comprising a remotely controlled multi-link mechanism for opening a shutter and a lock for locking the shutter, holding it in a closed position, characterized in that the shutter opening mechanism comprises at least one tension spring, a spring tension mechanism , a two-shouldered rocking chair, mounted on the power structure of the airframe with the possibility of rotation, and a rod pivotally connected at one end to the first shoulder of the rocking chair, and the second - with a rotary wing, at the same time, the tension spring is pivotally connected by the first end to the second rocking arm, and the second to the actuator of the spring tension mechanism, made with the possibility of its fixation in the extended position. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the spring tension mechanism is made in the form of a screw mechanism containing a spindle that moves the carriage, which is the actuating element of the spring tension mechanism. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the lock of the lock of the sash is made in the form of a magnetic grip equipped with a solenoid that blocks the sash in the closed position.

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