RU2711966C1 - Sowing complex with central-dosing system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to seeding complexes implementing the principle of central dosing of seeds. Sowing complex with a central-dosing system contains a centralized hopper with a batcher, seed distributors with plowshares and a frame. In order to move seed spreaders, the complex has drone vertical takeoff and landing vehicles in amount of at least two. Seed distributors are made up of seed containers arranged to displace relative to each other. Shovels are installed with possibility of movement relative to frame and have drones of vertical take-off and landingair-ground type in number equal to number of plowshares. Containers for seeds are made with possibility of interconnection by means of detachable connection of mechanical action with drones of vertical take-off and landing, detachable connection of mechanical action with batcher 5 and detachable joint of mechanical action with plowshares.EFFECT: invention usage allows to: increase working width of sowing complex grip and, as a result, its operation efficiency, reduce soil compaction of the sown field that will allow to preserve soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution.1 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing complexes that implement the principle of central dosing of seeds.

Known flying sowing apparatus, comprising a hopper with a unloader and a seed chamber, a seed rate adjuster, a working body for moving seeds, an additional seed chamber formed by a working body for moving seeds and a unloader, at the input and output of an additional seed chamber there are curved projections for curving seeds , at a distance from each other commensurate with the average twice the size of the seeds, opposite the protrusion at the exit there is a recess at a distance from the protrusion commensurate with the average time by measure of seeds, the seed chamber is mounted with the ability to move in a vertical plane, and the seed rate adjuster is located with the possibility of kinematic interaction with the seed chamber, moreover, one of the side walls of the seed chamber is made stepwise, providing an asymmetric seed arrangement, has an unmanned aerial vehicle in the form of a quadrocopter with a useful load weighing up to 2 kg and with a control unit, the hopper is equipped with vertical harpoon-shaped pins, pivotally fixed in the lower part, while quad the optometer is equipped with a ring located below, with vertical grooves and recesses for the harpoon-shaped pins, the seeding rate adjuster has an electric drive connected to the quadrocopter control unit, and the vertical movable seed chamber has a housing with spring-loaded supports (Utility Model Patent RU No. 167073 IPC B64D 1 / 16, 2016).

The disadvantages of the known flying sowing apparatus is that it has low productivity, and its functionality is significantly limited.

These shortcomings are due to the fact that the known flying sowing device provides sowing at the same time one row of agricultural crops, that is, it has a relatively small working width in comparison with such an agricultural machine as a seeder. It is well known that the performance of sowing machines is directly proportional to their working width.

The functionality of the known flying sowing apparatus is limited, since the known flying sowing apparatus provides only a scattered ordinary way of sowing different crops.

The closest effect to the claimed seeder with a central metering system is a pneumatic seeder with a central metering system, containing a centralized hopper with a metering device, pneumatically connected through a seed distributor with openers mounted on a frame and including a stand, a cultivating leg, a seed stacker with a vertical channel and the comb-seal, one end of which is connected by a flexible connection, the comb-seal is made of two parts, the first of which is fixed from below to the cultivator the second leg, forming a triangular wedge with it, the second part of the ridge compactor is made in the form of a plate placed behind the coulters of the coulters on a flexible connection, and the outlet of the vertical channel of the seed coater is directed to the angle of the solution of the cultivating claw and located on its bisector, and in the corner of the solution paws placed an arc-shaped reflector of seeds with a protrusion in the center and at least two protrusions on its sides. (Patent for the invention RU No. 2457656 IPC B64D 1/16; АСС 7/08, published on 08/08/2010 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known pneumatic seeder with a central metering system, adopted as a prototype, is that it limits the possibility of further increasing its productivity, and also that it does not provide sowing in hard-to-reach and difficult conditions and landscapes, on fields of small area and complex configuration of its borders.

These disadvantages are due to the following. It is well known that the performance of sowing machines is directly proportional to their working width, speed and utilization of working time.

The well-known sowing complex is considered wide-spread. A further increase in its working width is not advisable as it will lead to a further increase in the length of the frame on which the coulters are mounted. Increasing the length of the frame, as a result, will lead to a further increase in the width of the seeder. This in turn will increase the turning radius of the seeder at the edge of the sowing field and generally worsen its maneuverability. Limiting the increase in the length of the frame limits the increase in productivity of the sowing complex by increasing the width of the grip.

In addition, an increase in the length of the frame will lead to an increase in its mass and, as a consequence, the mass of the seeder. An increase in the mass of the seeder during the sowing process increases the required traction of the tractor used at the selected speed. This leads to the need to use a tractor of greater power, which means a tractor having a large mass, which increases the mass of the sowing complex. The increase in the mass of the sowing complex makes it difficult to sow at higher speeds, which limits the further increase in the productivity of the sowing complex due to an increase in speed.

An increase in the number of coulter mounts to the frame increases the complexity and time required for maintenance, for example, when adjusting the row spacing. This ultimately reduces the utilization rate of working time and, as a result, the productivity of the sowing complex. In addition, the well-known sowing complex is not adapted for work at night, that is, around the clock.

The well-known pneumatic seeder with a central metering system is a wide-sowing sowing complex, which includes two modules: a translator - a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with a running gear, and a sowing adapter, also having its own running gear. This wide-seeding sowing complex has significant overall dimensions: length and width. Significant overall dimensions limit the maneuverability of the sowing complex. As a result, it is difficult to sow fields of a relatively small area and complex configuration with such a sowing complex.

The well-known pneumatic seeder with a central dosing system is aggregated with an energy tool - tractors of class 3.0 ... 5.0 tf. Apart from the fact that it has significant overall dimensions, it has a wide-grip and high-performance sowing complex, it also has a significant weight, as well as wheels on the transpiler, wheels on the sowing adapter and wheels on the tractor.

The movement of a well-known seeder aggregated by a tractor on a field increases the density of the field soil, which subsequently has a negative effect on the growth and development of plants. Excessive soil density worsens the water regime and reduces the access of oxygen to the roots of plants.

The number of passes of machine-tractor units has a great influence on the density of the soil, especially in the spring, when the soil has a high moisture content. This influence is especially pronounced along the track of the tractor wheels.

In addition to excessive soil compaction, repeated movement of seeders and tractors through the fields reduces the amount of erosion-resistant lumps in the upper soil layer. Fields whose surface consists of lumps with a diameter of 1 ... 2 mm are not subject to erosion and vice versa fields whose surface consists of lumps with a diameter of 0.1 ... 0.55 mm are subject to erosion. In the process of moving seeders and tractors through the fields, soil particles are destroyed. This worsens the structure of the topsoil of the fields, increasing soil erosion and deflation. Soil erosion and deflation leads to a decrease in soil fertility.

In a known pneumatic seeder with a central metering system, seeds from the hopper enter the coulters via a pneumatic conveying system. In this case, the collision of seeds and their impact on the surface of the pneumatic transport system occurs, which can cause injury.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity of sowing complexes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing complex with a central metering system, containing a centralized hopper with a metering unit, seed dispensers with openers, a frame, according to the invention, has unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing, in an amount of at least two, for moving seed dispensers, made in the form of containers for seeds installed with the ability to move relative to each other, and the coulters are installed to move relative to the frame and have unmanned vertical take-off and landing air-to-land aircraft in an amount equal to the number of coulters, and the seed containers are made with the possibility of interconnection by means of a detachable connection of mechanical action with unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing, a dispenser and coulters.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 shows a schematic sowing system with a central metering system, side view; in FIG. 2 - also, in a perspective view; in FIG. 3 - schematically shows an unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing with a container for seeds, in a perspective view; in FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a container for seeds; in FIG. 5 - schematically shows the location of unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing of the "air-ground" type and unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing - multicopter in a sowing complex, in a perspective view; in FIG. 6 - schematically shows the opener of the sowing complex with an unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing of the "air-ground" type and a container for seeds, in a perspective view; in FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a pusher for seed containers; in FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of a seed coulter of a sowing complex; in FIG. 9 - schematically shows a coulter with an unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing of the "air-ground" type and a container for seeds, side view; in FIG. 10 - schematically shows a coulter with an unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing of the "air-ground" type, in a perspective view; in FIG. 11 - schematically shows the interaction of an unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing of the "air-ground" type and an unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing - a multicopter during removal of the container for seeds, in a perspective view; in FIG. 12 - also, during installation of the container for seeds, in a perspective view; in FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a dispenser, in perspective view. For clarity, only those details are presented that are necessary for understanding the essence of the technical solution, and the accompanying elements, well known to specialists in this field, are not presented.

A sowing complex with a central dosing system, for example, an automobile, includes a transpiler 1, in the form of a van type automobile semitrailer (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The translator 1 consists of a frame 2 and a running gear 3. A centralized hopper 4 with a dispenser 5 is placed on the frame 2. The translator 1 has a movable roof 6 that moves on hinges 7. Under the movable roof 6 above the centralized hopper 4 there is a platform 8.

The translator 1 is aggregated with a tractor unit 9, for example, with a KamAZ-65221 tractor unit (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

The sowing adapter includes seed dispensers, made in the form of containers 10 for seeds, and openers 11. The openers 11 are mounted with the ability to move relative to the frame 2 and have unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing of the "air-ground" 12 (with the ability to move on the surface of the field ) in an amount equal to the number of openers 11.

The sowing complex with a central dosing system also has unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13 (multicopter) (Fig. 3), designed to move containers 10 for seeds.

Platform 8 is used to store unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing of the air-ground type 12 and unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13.

The containers 10 for seeds are made with the possibility of interconnection by means of a detachable joint 14 of mechanical action with unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13. The detachable joint 14 of the thorn-groove type (Fig. 3) includes a spike 15 fixed to the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13 and a groove 16, made in the upper part of the containers 10 (Fig. 3).

The container 10 includes side walls 17, a loading hole 18, an unloading hole 19, a shutter 20 with a stop 21 mounted for movement in the grooves 22 (Fig. 4).

The seed containers 10 are also configured to interconnect using detachable joints 23 of mechanical action with the dispenser 5. The detachable joints of the thorn-groove type 23 include pairs of spikes 24 mounted on a conveyor belt 25 and grooves 26 located on the lateral surfaces 17 of the containers 10. At the conveyor belt 25 posted flyover 27 for unmanned aerial vehicles vertical take-off and landing 13 (Fig. 5). Platforms 27 have pushers 28, providing movement of containers 10 on pairs of spikes 24 and vice versa.

The seed containers 10 are configured to interconnect using a tongue-and-groove split action mechanical connection 29 with the coulters 11. The snap connection 29 includes a spike 30 and a groove 31 located on the bottom of the container 10 (Fig. 6).

The pushers 28 of the overpass 27 contain a housing 32, a screw 33 C. plate 34. The screw 33 is equipped with an electric drive 35 (Fig. 7).

The openers 11 include a rotary disk 36 mounted on an axis 37. On the disk 36 mounted pochachitsev 38 with the ability to move in the radial direction in the guides 39, made in the form of a pipe. The spreaders 38 are made in the form of a hollow rod with a cavity 40 and have a peripheral pointed part 41, and on the opposite side there is an inclined plane 42, a shutter 43 and a spring 44 (Fig. 8). A pin 45 is fixedly mounted on the axis 37.

The coulters 11 are connected to the seed containers 10 by the vas deferens 46 and provided with a roller 47 (FIG. 6).

The dispenser 5 includes a housing 48, a shaft 49 with grooves 50, partitions 51 and; discharge openings 52 (FIG. 13).

The sowing complex with a central dosing system works as follows. Previously, the hopper 4 of the transporter 1 is filled with seeds (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing of the “air-ground” type 12 and unmanned aerial vehicles, devices of vertical take-off and landing 13 are located on the site 8 of the transporter 1 of the sowing complex.

The sowing complex is delivered by a tractor unit 9 to the edge of the sown field. In the transpiler 1, the containers 10 are fed under the dispenser 5, combining the discharge openings 52 with the loading holes 18 of the containers 10. After that, the containers 10 are loaded with seeds 49 with grooves 50 (Fig. 13). Filled containers 10 are fed to overpasses 27, where, using pushers 28, they are mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13 (Fig. 5).

The cover 6 of the translator 1 is opened and the operator, using the control panel, installs the openers 11 with unmanned aerial vehicles for vertical take-off and landing of the “air-to-ground” type 12 in a row at the edge of the sown field. Unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13 deliver and install containers 10 on the openers 11, which are fixed by means of a detachable joint 29 of mechanical action. After that, the operator returns unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13 to their original position on platform 8 of the transformer 1.

The operator sends a command from the control panel to the openers 11, arranged in a row at the edge of the field, and they begin a rectilinear parallel movement along the field relative to each other. In the process of movement of the coulters 11 tillers 38 enter the soil. In this case, the pin 45 acts on the inclined plane 42 of the spreader 38, which, with its peripheral pointed part 41, penetrates the soil, and the seed enters the soil from the cavity 40 (Fig. 6). Seeds enter the cavity 40 through the vas deferens, and the feed rate is controlled by the shutter 20. The soil above the seeds embedded in the soil is rolled by the coulter roller 11 (Fig. 6 and Fig. 9).

During sowing, containers 10 are emptied and coulters 11 are stopped and empty containers 10 are replaced by seeds filled containers 10 using unmanned aerial vehicles for vertical take-off and landing 13. Removing empty containers 10 occurs by engaging a detachable joint 14 with unmanned aerial vehicles for vertical take-off and landing 13 and disengaging the detachable connection 29 with the openers 11. The installation of the containers 10 filled with seeds occurs in the reverse order. After that, unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical take-off and landing 13 with empty containers 10 enter them into engagement with the dispenser 5 by detachable connections 23 using the overpasses 27 by means of the conveyor belt 25. The conveyor belt 25 moves the containers 10 to the dispenser 5 where they are loaded. Then the loaded containers 10 are fed by a conveyor belt 25 to the racks 27. Where the containers 10 filled with seeds are ready for the process of replacing empty containers 10 on the openers 11.

The declared sowing complex can be operated in automatic or semi-automatic mode. Use software that takes into account the configuration of the field and constructs the trajectory of movement for openers 11, in accordance with the markup of the field. The software allows you to sow at any time of the day. All elements of the system are connected by sensors and with the help of a given program have the ability to work regardless of human participation.

The application of the invention will allow: to increase the working width of the sowing complex and, as a consequence, the productivity of its work, to reduce soil compaction of the sown field, which will allow to maintain soil fertility, reduce environmental pollution, since internal combustion engines are not used in the iole, which means there are no exhaust gases.

Claims (1)

A sowing complex with a central metering system, containing a centralized hopper with a metering unit, seed dispensers with openers, a frame characterized in that it has unmanned aerial vehicles with vertical take-off and landing in an amount of at least two for moving seed dispensers made in the form of seed containers, installed with the ability to move relative to each other, and the coulters are installed to move relative to the frame and have unmanned aerial vehicles of vertical ETA and landing of the "air-to-ground" in an amount equal to that of the coulter, wherein the containers are arranged to seeds relationship via a releasable connection with the mechanical action of UAV VTOL, dispenser and openers.

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