RU2709041C2 - Trench frame and method for assembly thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely, to trench casing and to trench panel assembling method. Trench formwork comprises first and second side panels connected in parallel to each other and spaced apart by one or more transverse supports. Each transverse support comprises connection points at first end and at second end of each lateral support, which connect first and second side panels with first and second transverse supports, wherein connection points support first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and first and second transverse supports are parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between first and second side panels. Each connection point comprises hinged connection, providing movement of rotation of side panels relative to transverse supports around hinge axis, and detachable connection located at a distance from hinged joint in direction perpendicular to axis of hinge, wherein detachable connection is made with possibility of selective disconnection to ensure rotation of corresponding first or second side panel around hinge axis so that panels are not parallel.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of material consumption and labour intensity during assembly and disassembly of formwork, ensuring efficiency of operation.

38 cl, 65 dwg

Description

Field of Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a trench formwork and to a method for assembling a trench formwork.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Trench formwork is used for protection during excavation. Trench formwork can be used when installing pipelines, laying underground cables, or when performing other operations that require access below ground level.

[0003] A typical trench formwork comprises side panels that are separated from each other and held in place by struts, the length of which can be adjustable to fit the width of a particular trench. Such panels and spacers must be constructed using materials that can withstand the loads that will affect them.

[0004] The trench formwork is essentially assembled by laying the side panel flat on the ground, securing the spacers so that they protrude upward from the side panel, and lowering the other side side panel onto the spacers. Given the weight of the various components, lifting equipment and personnel are usually required to ensure that the various parts are properly aligned when the lifting equipment handles them.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a trench formwork comprising first and second side panels connected parallel to each other and spaced apart by one or more transverse supports. At the first end and second end of each transverse support there is a connection point that connects the first and second side panels to one or more side supports, while the connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other and one or more transverse supports in parallel and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels. Each connection point contains a swivel connection, allowing the side panels to rotate relative to one or more side supports around the hinge axis, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the hinge axis, while the detachable connection is selectively disconnected for enabling the first or second side panel to rotate about the hinge axis so that the panels are not parallel.

[0006] According to another aspect of the present invention, the trench formwork may further comprise side supports mounted between the side panels and one or more transverse supports, wherein the side supports extend along the side panels in a direction perpendicular to the hinge axis. Connection points can connect the lateral support to the side supports. Side panels can be removably mounted on side supports. When the detachable joints are disconnected, the side supports can be sufficiently rotated around the hinge axis so that one or more posts interact with the ground, or the side supports can be fixedly mounted on the transverse supports so that the side panels rotate relative to the transverse supports and side supports.

[0007] According to another aspect, there may be one or more racks that support the transverse support when it is mounted on the surface of the earth. The swivel is located at a distance from the plug-in connection and may be located above the plug-in connection.

[0008] According to another aspect, detachable connections may be spring-loaded connections.

[0009] According to another aspect, the transverse supports may have an adjustable length to adjust the distance between the first and second side panels.

[0010] According to another aspect, the height of the first and second side panels may be greater than the height of the side supports such that when the side supports are supported by one or more racks mounted on the ground, the first and second side panels are tilted down and out relative to the transverse supports.

[0011] According to another aspect, each transverse support comprises lifting eyes that suspend the transverse supports on the lifting device so that the side panels can rotate freely around the hinges when the transverse supports are raised to a sufficient height.

[0012] According to another aspect, the trench formwork may further comprise one or more third party panels that are attached to one or more of the first and second panels. This one or more third-side panels may be attached to the first side panels by means of an angular connecting element having a connecting profile that secures this one or more third-side panels perpendicular to the first side panel. One or more third-side panels may be attached to the upper edge of the first or second side panel by means of a connecting element having a connecting profile that fastens one or more third-side panels in one plane with at least one of the first and second side panels.

[0013] According to another aspect, the perimeter of the first and second side panels may have a universal connecting profile that connects to the universal connecting element.

[0014] According to another aspect, each side panel may include at least one damper for controlling the rotation movement of each side panel relative to the transverse supports.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of assembling a trench formwork comprising the steps of: positioning one or more transverse supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other in a vertical orientation. At the first end and at the second end of each transverse support there are connection points, and each connection point comprises a swivel and a detachable connection located under the swivel when the transverse support is in a vertical orientation; and one or more racks to support the supporting structure in a vertical orientation. The method further comprises the steps of: pivoting the first side panel to the hinge joints at the first end of each transverse support, and the second panel to the hinge joints at the second end of each transverse support, with the side panels tilted down and out relative to the transverse supports; raise the transverse supports so that the first and second side panels are turned to the transverse supports; and detachable connections are engaged so that the first and second side panels are attached parallel to and at a distance from each other to one or more transverse supports and remain parallel to each other and at a distance from each other.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of disassembling a trench formwork comprising the steps of: providing a trench formwork comprising one or more side panels connected parallel to each other and spaced apart by first and second transverse supports. At the first and second end of each transverse support there are connection points that fasten the first and second side panels to one or more transverse support, while the connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and one or more lateral supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels; each connection point contains a swivel that allows the side panels to rotate relative to the transverse supports around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable joint located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the hinge axis, while the detachable connection is selectively disconnected, which allows rotation of the corresponding the first or second side panel around the axis of the hinge so that the panels are not parallel to each other; at least one damper for controlling the rotation movement of each side panel relative to the transverse supports; and one or more racks that support the transverse support when it is on the surface of the earth, while the swivel is located at a distance from the detachable connection. The method further comprises the steps of positioning the trench formwork on the ground so that the trench formwork is supported on the lower edge of the first and second side panels with transverse supports parallel to the ground surface; disconnect the detachable joints of the first side panel and apply force to the first side panel, which causes it to rotate around the hinge joint, until it takes the orientation of the tilt down and away from the transverse support; disconnect the detachable joint of the second side panel and apply force to the second side panel, which causes it to rotate around the hinge joint, until it takes the orientation of the slope down and away from the transverse support and so that one or more racks interact with the surface of the earth, while the rotation movement of the second side panel is controlled by one or more dampers, and the first and second side panels are removed from the transverse support.

[0017] According to another aspect, the detachable connection of the first and second side panels can be disconnected together so that the first and second panels rotate at the same time.

[0018] According to another aspect, there is provided a method for disassembling a trench formwork comprising the steps of providing a trench formwork comprising first and second side panels connected in parallel and spaced apart by one or more transverse supports. At the first end and second end of each transverse support there are connection points that fasten the first and second side panels to one or more transverse supports, while the connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and one or more transverse supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels; each connection point contains a swivel that allows the side panels to rotate relative to the transverse supports around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the hinge axis, the detachable connection being selectively disconnected to allow rotation of the first or a second side panel around the hinge axis so that the panels are not parallel. The method may further comprise stages in which the trench formwork is positioned so that the upper edge of the first and second side panels interacts with the ground, disconnect the detachable joints of the first and second side panels, and swivelly lower the first and second panels while the outer side of the first side panel is in the outer side of the second side panel will not interact with the surface of the earth.

[0019] According to another aspect, a method for disassembling a trench formwork is provided, comprising the steps of:

provide a trench formwork containing the first and second side panels connected parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports, while at the first end and second end of each transverse support there are connection points that attach the first and second side panels to one or more transverse supports, while the connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and one or more transverse supports parallel to each other and at a distance uu from each other between the first and second side panels; and each connection point contains a swivel, allowing the side panels to rotate with respect to one or more lateral bearings around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge, while the detachable connection is selectively disconnected to ensure rotation of the corresponding first or second side panel around the axis of the hinge so that the panels are not parallel;

position the trench formwork so that the outer surface of the first side panels interacts with the surface of the earth;

raise the second side panel so that the second side panel rotates relative to the first side panel, and lower the second side panel until the outer surface of the second side panel interacts with the ground at a distance from the first side panel with one or more transverse supports while detachable connections are disconnected to ensure relative movement of the first and second panels;

one or more lateral bearings are removed from the first and second side panels.

[0020] According to another aspect, there is provided a trench formwork comprising first and second side panels, each panel having an inner side and an outer side, the inner side having an upper attachment point having a first upper attachment portion, and a lower attachment having a lower attachment lower part , one or more supporting structures, each of the supporting structures comprising a first and second side supports separated by a transverse support, in which, in use, the transverse support supports the side support in a fixed position and orientation relative to the second side support, while the first and second side supports carry the second part of the upper mount, pivotally connected to the first part of the upper mount, and the second part of the lower mount, motionlessly connected to the first part of the lower mount, and the upper the mount and the lower mount are selectively connected and disconnected, and a rack to support the supporting structure in a vertical orientation so that the second part of the upper mount is above the second part of the lower pole mounting.

[0021] According to another aspect, at least one of the upper mount and the lower mount may be connected by a pin.

[0022] According to another aspect, at least one of the upper mount and the lower mount may be a spring-loaded connector.

[0023] According to another aspect, the lateral support of the supporting structures may have an adjustable length to adjust the distance between the first and second side supports.

[0024] According to another aspect, the strut can be removably attached to the second part of the lower mount, wherein the strut is removed to allow the first parts of the lower mounts to be connected to the corresponding second parts of the lower mounts.

[0025] According to another aspect, one of the first part and the second part of the lower attachment may include an engaging side, and the other from the first part and the second part of the lower attachment may include a receiver having a pin that can slide along the engagement side to hold the engaging side inserted into the receiver .

[0026] According to another aspect, the first distance between the first part of the upper mount and the lower edge of the corresponding panel may be greater than the second distance between the second part of the upper mount and the pillar so that when the first and second parts of the upper mount are connected and the pillar supports the supporting structure on the surface the ground, the first and second panels are tilted down and out relative to the supporting structure.

[0027] According to another aspect, each supporting structure may include lifting eyes that suspend the supporting structures by means of a lifting device so that the panels can rotate freely around the upper mounts when the supporting structure is raised to a sufficient height.

[0028] According to another aspect, the trench formwork may further comprise one or more third party panels attached to and extending between the first and second side panels.

[0029] According to another aspect, one or more third-side panels may be attached to the first side panel using an angular connecting element having a connecting profile that fastens one or more third-side panels perpendicularly to the first panel.

[0030] According to another aspect, the trench formwork may further comprise one or more third-side panels, and each third-side panel is attached to and protrudes above the edge of one of the first and second panels.

[0031] According to another aspect, one or more third-side panels can be attached to the upper edge of the corresponding side panel by a connecting element having a connecting profile that fastens one or more third-side panels in one plane with at least one of the first and second side panels .

[0032] According to another aspect, the perimeter of the side panels may comprise a universal connecting profile that is connected to a universal connecting element.

[0033] According to another aspect, there is provided a method for assembling a trench formwork comprising the steps of positioning one or more supporting structures at a distance from each other and in a vertical orientation, each supporting structure comprising first and second side supports separated by a transverse support, which, in use, the transverse support supports the first side support in a fixed position and orientation relative to the second side support, one or more racks to support the supporting structure in vertical orientation, fasten the first and second side panels to one or more supporting structures by a hinge, with the hinge being located next to the top of each of the first and second side panels and one or more supporting structures, the first and second side panels are tilted down and from one or more supporting structures, raise the supporting structures so that the first and second side panels are turned to the supporting structures, remove one or more pillars, and fasten I tear and the second side panels to the supporting structures at a point located below the hinge mounts.

[0034] According to another aspect, attaching the first and second side panels to one or more supporting structures may include the use of at least one pin connection.

[0035] According to another aspect, attaching the first and second side panels to one or more supporting structures may comprise using at least one spring-loaded connector.

[0036] According to another aspect, attaching the first and second side panels to one or more supporting structures at a point under the hinges may include inserting a pin connector into the pin receptacle.

[0037] According to another aspect, the side support structures may have an adjustable length, and the method may further comprise adjusting the distance between the first and second side supports by adjusting the length of the transverse supports.

[0038] According to another aspect, the strut may be removably attached to the second part of the lower fixture, and the method may further comprise removing the strut and connecting the first parts of the lower fixtures to the corresponding second parts of the lower fixtures.

[0039] According to another aspect, the step of attaching the first and second side panels to the supporting structures at a point located below the hinge mounts may include inserting a pin that carries the receiver on one of the first part and the second part of the lower mount, along the connection side and the other of the first part and the second part of the lower mount comprises a connecting side for holding the connecting side inside the receiver.

[0040] According to another aspect, the first distance between the first part of the upper mount and the lower edge of the corresponding panel may be greater than the second distance between the second part of the upper mount and the pillar so that when the first and second parts of the upper mount are connected and the pillar supports the supporting structure on the surface of the earth, the first and second panels were tilted down and out relative to the supporting structure.

[0041] According to another aspect, the method may further comprise suspending the supporting structures by means of a lifting device connected to the lifting eyes on each supporting structure so that the panels can rotate freely around the upper mounts.

[0042] According to another aspect, the method may further comprise attaching one or more third-side panels to the first and second side panels so that one or more third-side panels extend between the first and second side panels.

[0043] According to another aspect, one or more third-side panels may be attached to the first side panel by an angular connecting element, wherein the angular connecting element has a connecting surface that secures one or more third-side panels to the first side panel.

[0044] According to another aspect, the method may further comprise attaching one or more third-side panels to the upper edge of one of the first or second side panels so that one or more third-side panels protrude above the upper edge of at least one of the first and second side panels.

[0045] According to another aspect, one or more third party panels may be attached to the upper edge of the respective side panels via a connecting member.

[0046] According to another aspect, the perimeter of the first and second side panels may include a connecting profile to which a connecting element is connected having a connecting profile that fastens one or more third-side panels in one plane with at least one of the first and second side panels.

[0047] According to another aspect, there is provided a trench formwork comprising first and second side panels, each of the side panels having an inner surface, an outer surface and an outer peripheral edge, one or more supporting structures attached between the inner surfaces of the first and second side panels for holding the first side panel in a fixed position and in a fixed orientation relative to the second side panel, a universal connector on the outer peripheral edge of each of the first th and second side panels, wherein the universal connector comprises a plurality of connection points that are evenly spaced along the outer peripheral edge, and a detachable connector that is selectively connected to the universal connector.

[0048] According to another aspect, there is provided a trench formwork assembled for excavation, the trench formwork comprising a plurality of panels comprising at least a first panel, a second panel and a third panel. Each panel contains a connecting profile comprising a plurality of straight edge segments located along the peripheral edge of the panel, each straight edge segment having a plurality of uniformly distributed connection points, in which the distances between the connection points on each straight edge segment are the same. The first and second panels are fixed parallel to each other and at a distance from each other. A plurality of connectors are connected between the connecting profiles. At least one connector connects the third panel and the first panel for mounting the third panel relative to the first and second panels.

[0049] According to another aspect, the first and second panels can be fixed parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports having a first end connected to the first panel and a second end connected to the second panel.

[0050] According to another aspect, a plurality of connectors further connect the third panel and the second panel. A plurality of connectors can further connect the fourth panel to the first and second panels, with the first and second panels being fixed parallel to each other and spaced apart by third and fourth panels. The third and fourth panels can be oriented parallel to each other and be at a distance from each other.

[0051] According to another aspect, the third panel may be connected in parallel and aligned with the first panel or at an angle to the first panel.

[0052] According to another aspect, each panel may be rectangular and have a length and a width, and have a connecting profile extending along both the length and the width of each panel, while at least the length and width of the third panel are not the same so that the length , and the width of the third panel can be connected to each of the length and width of the first panel.

[0053] According to another aspect, there is provided a method of installing or using trench formwork when excavating soil from a trench having side walls, comprising the step of providing a plurality of panels comprising at least a first panel, a second panel and a third panel, each panel having a connecting profile having a plurality of straight edge segments located along the peripheral edges of the panel, wherein each straight edge segment has a plurality of uniformly spaced connection points, wherein between the connection points on each straight edge segment equally; provide a plurality of connectors that connect between connection profiles; collect the trench formwork by: fastening the first and second panels to each other parallel to each other and at a distance from each other; and using one or more connectors to connect the third panel and the first panel to secure the third panel relative to the first and second panels.

[0054] According to another aspect, the first and second panels can be fixed parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports having a first end connected to the first panel and a second end connected to the second panel.

[0055] According to another aspect, one or more connectors may be used to connect the third panel and the second panel. The method may further comprise the step of using connectors to connect the fourth panel to the first and second panels, wherein the first and second panels are secured parallel to each other and spaced apart by third and fourth panels. The third and fourth panels can be oriented parallel to each other and be at a distance from each other.

[0056] According to another aspect, the third panel may connect parallel to and be aligned with the first panel, or at an angle to the first panel.

[0057] According to another aspect, each panel may be rectangular and have a length and a width and have a connecting profile extending along both the length and the width of each panel, wherein at least the length and width of the third panel are not the same, the method further comprising the steps of identifying a plurality of configurations in which the length and width of the third panel may be connected to each of the length or width of the first panel, and selecting one of the plurality of configurations.

[0058] According to another embodiment, the method may further comprise installing trench formwork in the trench to support part of the side walls of the trench.

[0059] In other aspects, the features described above can be combined in any reasonable combination, as is understood by those skilled in the art.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0060] These and other features will be more apparent from the following description with reference to the drawings, intended for illustration only and not limiting the present invention, where:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a variant of trench formwork.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a supporting structure.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of two supporting structures spaced from each other.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the trench formwork of FIG. 1 with panels attached to the upper mounts.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 1 with panels attached to the upper mounts.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 1 lifted from the rack.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 1 with panels attached to the upper and lower mounts.

FIG. 7A is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 1, lowered into the trench.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the trench formwork of FIG. 1, with panels attached to the upper and lower mounts, showing a detail of the lower mount.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a trench formwork with an alternative support structure.

FIG. 10 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9 rotated for disassembly.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9 on its side.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9, further rotated for disassembly.

FIG. 13 is a side view of an inverted tear-down formwork of FIG. 9.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9 showing the lower mount in more detail.

FIG. 15 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9 illustrating the process of turning a side panel around a lower mounting for laying on the ground.

FIG. 16 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9 illustrates the process of turning the second side panel around the bottom mount so that both side panels lie on the ground.

FIG. 17 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 9, showing supporting structures raised above the side panels.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a side panel.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a side panel illustrating an internal structure.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a portion of a side panel illustrating a top mount with a closed safety latch.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a portion of a side panel illustrating a top mount with an open safety latch.

FIG. 22 is a side cross-sectional view of a trench formwork with an alternative fastening system.

FIG. 23a is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22, which shows a detailed view of the upper mount.

FIG. 23b is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22, which shows a detailed view of the lower mount.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of two side panels assembled by means of an angular bracket.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of an angle bracket.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of two side panels assembled by an in-line bracket.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a row bracket.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of side panels assembled by means of both corner and row brackets.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a trench formwork assembled by means of both angular and in-line brackets.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a side panel having a knife edge component.

FIG. 31 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22 with attached lifting sling.

FIG. 32 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22 rotated for disassembly.

FIG. 33 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22 located on its side.

FIG. 34 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22 illustrating the process of pivoting a side panel around a bottom ground mount.

FIG. 35 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22, showing a second side panel rotated around the bottom mount so that both panels lie on the ground.

FIG. 36 is a side view of the trench formwork of FIG. 22, showing supporting structures raised above the side panels.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of transverse supports for a larger trench formwork.

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of side panels mounted on the transverse supports of FIG. 37.

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of side panels mounted on the transverse supports of FIG. 37.

FIG. 40 is a perspective view of one side panel in a working position relative to the transverse supports.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a larger trench formwork in a working position.

FIG. 42 and 43 are detailed perspective views of detachable joints.

FIG. 44 and 45 are detailed perspective views of a damping device.

FIG. 46 is a side view in cross section of a damping device.

FIG. 47 is a detailed perspective view of a side support with a latch in a latched position.

FIG. 48 is a detailed side view of a side support with a latch in a latched position.

FIG. 49 is a detailed side view of the side support with a latch in the open position.

FIG. 50 is a perspective view of four side panels assembled into formwork by means of corner brackets.

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of eight side panels assembled into a vertical formwork by means of corner brackets.

FIG. 52 is a perspective view of a corner connector secured to one side of a panel.

FIG. 53 is a perspective view of six panels of the same size, assembled into the formwork by changing orientation and using angle brackets.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view of a vertically extending trench formwork in which edge brackets are used.

FIG. 55 is a side view of a locking pin on a connecting bracket showing a detail of a pin holder.

FIG. 56 is a perspective view of a locking pin mounted on a connecting bracket showing a detail of the locking groove.

FIG. 57 is a side view of a locking pin mounted on a connecting bracket showing the pin in an unlocked position.

FIG. 58 is a side view of a locking pin mounted on a connecting bracket showing a pin rotated to the locked position.

FIG. 59 is a side view showing details of a diamond-shaped receiver for locking pins.

FIG. 60 is a perspective view of a side panel with extension legs attached.

FIG. 61 is a perspective view of a knife edge component mounted on a side panel.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of two side panels connected in a line by the edge brackets.

FIG. 63 is a perspective view of two side panels connected to each other in a single line by means of edge brackets.

FIG. 64 is a detailed top view of an edge bracket connected to a connecting profile of a side panel.

FIG. 65 is a detailed side view of the edge bracket connected to the connecting profile of the side panel.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

[0061] The following is a general description of the trench formwork, after which two examples of trench formwork will be described, namely, the smaller trench formwork shown in FIG. 1-36, and the larger trench formwork shown in FIG. 37-46. Additional details regarding the universal joint system for both trench formwork of smaller and larger formats will be described with reference to FIG. 24-30 and FIG. 50-65. The terms "smaller format" and "larger format" are relative to each other and such formwork can be designed with the specific size required by the user. In addition, it should be understood that the same design concepts are used in the general design of formwork of different formats, there are some differences due to various considerations related to the size and weight of the corresponding trench formwork. It should be understood that such design considerations may be transferred from one structure to another and may be implemented in one or another trench formwork, or another example of a trench formwork may be constructed. The final design will depend, of course, on the dimensions and specifications required by the end user, the materials and resources available, the equipment available for installing and / or removing the trench formwork, etc. Therefore, the options described for one design can be used in another design, if it is not clear that specific features contradict each other.

[0062] FIG. 1 shows a smaller trench formwork 10, and in FIG. 41 shows a larger trench formwork 200. Elements performing the same functions are denoted by the same positions. Trench formwork 10 and 200 have a first side panel 12 with an inner surface 14 and an outer surface 16, and a second side panel 18 with an inner surface 20 and an outer surface 22. The trench formwork 10 and 200 are assembled by attaching the side panels 12 and 18 to the transverse supports 36 , of which only two are shown, but their number can also be equal to one, three or more. At each end of each transverse support 36 there is a connection point 25 that connect the side panels 12 and 18 to the transverse supports 36. Each connection point 25 has a swivel joint 28 and a detachable joint 34. The swivel joint 28 rotates the side panels relative to the side supports 36 about an axis hinge, which runs transversely parallel to the side panels 12 and 18 and perpendicular to the side supports 36. The detachable connection 34 is located at a distance from the hinge 28 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge and extends substantially below swivel 28 to facilitate construction and operation. The detachable connection 34 is selectively detachable so that the panels 12 and 18 can rotate around the hinge axis. As shown in FIG. 2 and 41, the transverse support 36 may have struts 52 that support the transverse support with a pivot joint 28 above the detachable joint 34. In other embodiments, the trench formwork 10 and 200 may be constructed with pivot joints 28 located under the detachable joints 34. The struts 52 may be formed integrally (not shown), removably (Fig. 6) or retractable (Figs. 44 and 45). The number, position and size of racks 52 vary depending on the requirements or preferences of the user. Racks 52 allow lateral supports to remain vertical on the ground. If the transverse supports are suspended from above, racks 52 may not be needed.

[0063] Small Trench Formwork

[0064] As shown in FIG. 1, the inner sides 14 and 20 have upper attachment points 24 and 26, respectively. The upper mounting points 24 and 26 are the first part of the upper two-part mounting 28. The inner sides 14 and 20 also have lower mounting points 30 and 32, respectively. The lower mounting points 30, 32 are the first parts of the lower two-part mounting 34.

[0065] The trench formwork 10 is assembled and fixed by means of the transverse supports 36. It should be understood that, depending on the application and such factors as the length of the required trench formwork 10, only one transverse support 36 can be used or additional transverse supports 36 can be used. As shown in FIG. 2, the transverse support 36 has a first lateral support 38 and a second lateral support 40. The lateral supports 38 and 40 are separated and stabilized by the transverse supports 36. The transverse supports 36 can be formed of two separate transverse components 43 as shown in FIG. 2. The transverse supports 36 support the first side support 38 in a fixed position and orientation relative to the second side support 40. The side supports 38 and 40 can be fixed to the transverse supports 36 in a fixed, removable or articulated manner with the possibility of rotation relative to the transverse supports 36, as will be described below. As shown in FIG. 2, the transverse legs 36 may have an adjustable length to adjust the distance between the first and second side legs. After adjusting the length, the transverse supports 36 maintain the relative positions of the side supports 38 and 40 at a predetermined distance. Alternatively, the transverse supports 36 may have a fixed length and be constructed as a single piece, as shown in FIG. 9. In this case, it is possible to produce transverse supports of different sizes in order to form trench formwork of different sizes.

[0066] The first and second side supports 38 and 40 have upper attachment points 44 and 46, respectively. The upper attachment points 44, 46 are second parts of the two-part fixtures 28 and are pivotally connected to the first parts 24 and 26 of the upper fixtures 28. The first and second side supports 38 and 40 also have lower attachment points 48 and 50, respectively. The lower attachment points 48 and 50 are second parts of the lower two-part fasteners 34 and are fixedly connected to the first parts 30 and 32 of the lower fasteners 34. Both the upper fastener 28 and the lower fastener 34 are selectively connected and disconnected. The upper mount 28 and the lower mount 34 may be different types of joints, as those skilled in the art will recognize. For example, any of the upper mount 28 and lower mount 34 may be a pin connection, as shown in the drawings. In one example shown in FIG. 8, the second parts 48 and 50 of the lower mount 34 have an engagement surface 54, for example, in the preferred example, an inclined surface, and the first parts 30 and 32 of the lower mount 34 have a receiver 56 having a pin 58 that slides over the engagement surface 54 to hold the surface 54 is engaged when it is inserted into the receiver 56. The upper mount 28 is a pin connection that allows pivoting, and the lower mount 34 also preferably has a pin connection to create an additional connection point, while to the surface 54 and the engagement pin 58 create a dense and firm connection. Although the engagement surfaces 54 on the side supports 36 and the pin 58 on the panels 12 and 18 are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this arrangement may be reversed, i.e., the engagement surfaces 54 on the panels 12 and 18, and the pins 58 on the side legs 36.

[0067] In another example, the upper mount 28 and / or the lower mount 34 may be spring-loaded mounts, as shown in FIG. 22 and 23. As shown in FIG. 22, the upper attachment point 26 and the lower attachment point 32 on the second side of the panel 18 have brackets and rods 104 that allow them to be inserted into the spring-loaded connectors 106 of the upper connection point 46 and the lower connection point 50. As described above, the brackets and rods 104 may also be located at the upper attachment point 46 and the lower attachment point 50, and the upper attachment point 26 and the lower attachment point 32 may be spring-loaded connectors 106. As shown in FIG. 23a, the upper mount 28 is formed by engaging the bracket and the rod 104 with a spring-loaded connector 106. A safety lock 108 can be inserted into the hole 112. It will be understood that both the upper mount 28 and the lower mount 34 may be spring-loaded mounts or they can be used in combination with other mounts, such as those described above. For example, the upper mount 28 may be a fixed mount, as shown in FIG. 4, and the lower mount may be a spring-loaded mount, as shown in FIG. 23. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other combinations may be used.

[0068] The trench formwork 10 further comprises struts 52 for supporting the transverse support 36 in a vertical orientation so that the second parts 44 and 46 of the upper mounts 28 are above the second parts 28 and 50 of the lower mounts 34. As shown in FIG. 2, the strut 22 is removably attached to the second parts 48 and 50 of the lower mount 34. However, it should be understood that the strut 52 may also be integrally formed with the transverse support 36 or may be attached to different regions of the transverse support 36 depending on the application. For example, the strut 52 may be a flange that is attached to the side or lower sides of the transverse support 36, may be hinged so that it can be folded back, or the transverse support 36 may have a flat lower surface having sufficient width to stand independently on some surfaces. The stand 52 is useful so that the transverse support 36 can stand independently to facilitate the connection of the upper mounts 28 between the side supports 36 and the panels 12 and 18 with the side supports 36 in a vertical position. As shown in the drawings, the stand 52 can be removably connected to the second parts 48 and 50 of the lower mount 43. The stand 52 can be removed to connect the lower mount 34.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 4, the support legs 52 preferably have a lower height than the panels 12 and 18 and are connected under the upper edge of the first and second panels 12 and 18 so that when the first parts 24 and 26 and the second parts 44 and 46 of the upper mount 28 are connected, and the strut 52 supports the transverse support 36 on the ground, the first and second panels 12 and 18 are inclined down and out relative to the transverse support 36. Preferably, the upper mount 28 is located on the first and second panels 12 and 18 so that the first distance between the first parts 24 and 26 of the upper mount Nia 28 and the lower edge of the corresponding panel 12 or 18 to be greater than the second distance between the second portions 44 and 46 of the upper mounting 28 and the rack 52.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 6, each transverse support 36 preferably has lifting eyes 60 that suspend the transverse supports 36 by means of a lifting device (not shown), for example, a crane, excavator bucket, etc., so that the panels 12, 18 can rotate freely around the upper mounts 28 when the transverse support will be raised to a sufficient height, i.e., approximately half the height of the panels 12 and 18.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 29, the trench formwork 10 can be assembled with additional panels connected to the first and second side panels 12 and 18. As shown in FIG. 24, the trench formwork 10 can be assembled with one or more third-side panel 62, which is attached to and passes between the first side panel 12 and the second side panel 18. Additional side panels can be mounted by various means, as understood by those skilled in the art. In the shown embodiment, the third-side panel 62 is secured by an angular connecting element 64 or an arm. The angle bracket 64 has perpendicular grooves 66, as shown in FIG. 25, which connect the first and second side panels 12 and 18 with the panel 62 of the third side. It should be understood that instead of perpendicular grooves 66, you can use a different type of connecting profile, for example, a pin connection with a flat surface or other clamping device, which provides to hold the panel 62 of the third side perpendicular to the first and second side panels 12 and 18.

[0072] As shown in FIG. 26, the third-side panel 62 may be attached to and protrude above the upper edge of one of the first and second side panels 12 and 18. The third-side panel 62 can be mounted in various known ways. As shown, the third-side panel 62 is attached to the upper edge of the second side panel 18 by means of an H-shaped connecting element 68 or bracket shown in FIG. 27. The bracket 68 is described as having an H-shape due to the grooves into which the respective panels are inserted. It should be understood that the bracket 68 may have a different type of connection profile, as well as an angular bracket 64, which secures the third-side panel 62 in the desired orientation and position; in this case, in parallel and in the same plane with the first or second side panel 12 or 18, depending on the circumstances.

[0073] As shown in FIG. 28, the first and second side panels 12 and 18 on the perimeter of the panels preferably have a universal connection profile 65, which has a plurality of connection points evenly spaced along the outer peripheral edge of the panels 12 and 18. Preferably, the connection points extend along the entire peripheral edge, as shown, but the connection points may also be located only on part of each side or on part of one or more sides, as the case may be. There is a removable connector (not shown) that connects the connection profile 65 in the selected position. The connection profile 65 and the connector are designed so that the connector can be connected at one or more connection points (depending on the size and shape of the connector) at any point along the connection profile 65. The connection profile 65 provides the panels 12 and 18 with a universal connection system that provides the creation of various compounds. For example, as shown in FIG. 29, the connecting profile 65 provides the collection of trench formwork in different configurations as necessary, using the angular connecting element 64 or the H-shaped connecting element 68. As shown in the drawing, one panel is shown rotated 90 degrees in portrait orientation, in contrast to landscape orientation . The connection profile 65 also provides detachable connections to other equipment, such as accessories, safety devices, tools, sensors, etc. For example, as shown in FIG. 30, the first and second side panels 12 and 18 have a knife edge 100 attached using a connecting profile 65, which is useful when installing a trench formwork during excavation. In the examples shown, the universal connector may be part of the brackets 64 and 66, or the universal connectors may be mounted on or through the brackets 64 and 66.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 18 and 19, the panels 12, 18 and 62 preferably have a thin outer wall 71 and an inner transverse support 70, for example, of a diamond shape, as shown in FIG. 19. This makes panels 12, 18 and 62 easier and, at the same time, maintain their ability to withstand the necessary loads.

[0075] Assembly method - smaller format

[0076] The following is a description of a method of assembling a trench formwork with reference to FIG. 2-8. The necessary transverse supports 36 are assembled and if the transverse supports 63 are adjustable in length, they are adjusted to create the required distance between the first and second side supports 38 and 40. The transverse supports 36 can be adjusted by means of a pin connection, as shown in the drawing, or by any other known a method of adjusting the length, for example, by means of threaded connectors, hydraulic adjustable connectors, etc. The transverse supports 36 are inserted into struts 52, which may be part of the transverse supports or, as shown, may be removably attached. As shown in the drawing, the struts 52 are attached to the transverse supports by a latch 78. As shown in FIG. 3, the transverse supports 36 are located at a distance of 80 from each other, necessary for a particular application, and in a vertical orientation on the risers 52. The distance 80 is determined by the dimensions of the first and second side panels 12 and 18 and, specifically, the distance between the upper mounting points 24, 26 and the distance between the lower points 30, 32 of the mount. As shown in FIG. 4, the side panels 12 and 18 are then mounted on the transverse supports 36 so that the upper attachment points 24 and 26 mesh with the upper attachment points 44 and 46 to form the upper mounts 28. The panels 12 and 18 may need to be manipulated by means of a crane or other lifting device devices or panels can be light enough for workers to manually manipulate them. In the connected state, the upper mount 28 forms a hinge mount 82, as shown in the drawing. Swivel 82 may be formed by inserting the pin connector 90 into the pin receptacle 92, or the upper mount 28 may have a different design, such as a hinge, and be flexible enough to allow the panels 12 and 18 to be at an angle that provides lateral support 36 on the earth. The upper mounts 28 are located closer to the top of each of the first and second panels 12 and 18 and to the top of the transverse supports 36. As shown in FIG. 4 and 5, the first and second side panels 12 and 18 in the attached state are inclined downward and away from the transverse supports 36 and rest on the surface of the earth. The upper mounts 28, in addition to the hinge mount 82, have a safety latch 84, which preferably has a latch 86 to prevent accidental release of the safety latch 84 and the hinge 82. FIG. 20 and 21 show one embodiment of the safety latch 84 in the locked state and in the open state, respectively.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 6, a lifting device, for example, a crane, excavator bucket or other known device shown in FIG. 6 with a sling 102, then it can be attached to the lifting eyes 60. When the posts 52 are removably attached to the transverse supports 36, the connection between the transverse supports 36 and the drains 52 is disconnected. As shown in the drawings, the latch 78 is removed from the struts 52 and the lateral supports 36 are lifted. As shown in the drawings, this causes the first and second side panels 12 and 18 to rotate around the upper mounts 28 to the transverse supports 36. As shown in FIG. 7, when the transverse supports 36 are raised to a sufficient height, the first and second panels come into contact with the transverse supports 36 and take a vertical orientation. The posts 52 can be removed by disconnecting them when the panels 12 and 18 are attached to raise the transverse supports 36 from the posts 52 when the line 102 lifts the trench formwork 10. As shown in FIG. 8, the lower attachment points 30 and 32 of the first and second panels 12 and 18 are in contact with the lower attachment points 48 and 50 at a point below the hinge 82. The receiver 56 of the lower attachment points 30 and 32 receives an inclined surface 54 of the lower attachment points 48 and 50 . The pin 58 can be inserted into the receiver 46 so that it slides along the inclined surface 54 to create a tight inclined locked connection, holding the inclined surface 54 inside the holder. The lower mount 34 also preferably has a latch 88 to prevent accidental uncoupling of the lower mount 34. The lower mount 34 can first be formed by inserting the pin connector 94 into the pin receptacle 96. The pin connector 94 may be a retainer 88, or individual pin connectors can be created, depending on requirements. In FIG. 20 and 21 also show one embodiment of the corner locking connection in the closed position and in the open position, respectively. The trench formwork 10 is then checked to ensure the strength of all the fasteners, the correct installation of all the latches and latches, and the closing of the inclined lock. Then, the trench formwork 10 can be lowered into the trench formed in the soil 13, as shown in FIG. 7A.

[0078] It is also possible to install additional panels on the trench formwork 10, depending on the application. For example, a third-side panel 62 can be mounted on the sides of the first side panel 12 and the second side panel 18 by means of sliding corner connecting elements 64, or a third-side panel 62 can be installed on the upper edge of the side panels 12 and 18 by means of the H-shaped connecting elements 68. This feature can be used to create a closed trench formwork 10, i.e., formwork with high sides or, using panels of different sizes, you can create a closed trench formwork with access openings. As shown above, the components described above provide a modular trench formwork 10 in which the final shape, size and configuration can be defined in accordance with specific requirements.

[0079] Disassembly Method - Smaller Format

[0080] Next, with reference to FIG. 10-17, a dismantling of the trench formwork 10 is described with respect to the transverse supports 36. It should be understood that the assembly procedure described above and the disassembly procedure described below are applicable to this and other possible transverse supports 36. It should also be understood that depending on the user's preferences , the design of the trench formwork 10 and its components, you can use other methods of assembly and disassembly. In particular, the attachment points described above and below are located in positions convenient for handling trench formwork 10, however, it should be understood that other attachment points and lifting strategies can be used.

[0081] The trench formwork 10 is lifted from the trench by means of a sling 102 attached to the lifting eyes 60. When the trench formwork 10 is on the ground, the trench formwork 10 is rotated using the corner lifting points 98, as shown in FIG. 10. Alternatively, the trench formwork 10 can also be turned onto a beech using lifting eyes 60 or other attachment points, according to the user's preferences. First, the trench formwork 10 is placed on its side, as shown in FIG. 11, and the corner elevation points 98 are changed as shown in FIG. 12, which allows the trench formwork 10 to be turned over, as shown in FIG. 13. After the overturn of the trench formwork 10, the corner lifting points are disconnected from the lifting device.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 14, the pin 58 slides off the inclined surface 54, enabling the angular locking connection to be released. The latch 88 can then be removed, allowing the lower fastener 34 to separate. As shown in FIG. 15 m 16, this ensures the rotation of the first and second panels 12 and 18 around the upper mounts 28 and location on the ground. This can be done by means of a lifting device and corner lifting points 98 to control the lowering of the first and second side panels 12 and 18. As shown in FIG. 17, then the latch 86 can be removed and the latch 84 disengaged to disengage the upper joints 28, and the transverse support 36 can be lifted from the first and second side panels 12 and 18. In all cases, after disconnecting the joints, the latch is inserted back so as not to lose .

[0083] FIG. 31-36 show an alternative method of disassembling the trench formwork 10, the description of which follows. This option will be described with respect to the spring-loaded upper mount 28 and the lower mount 34, however, it should be understood that this disassembly method can be applied with other forms of the upper and lower mount 28 and 34, for example, manually assembled joints, as will be described below with respect to the trench formwork 200 larger format.

[0084] As shown in FIG. 31, the trench formwork 10 is lifted out of the trench by means of a stroma 102 attached to the lifting eyes 60. As shown in FIG. 32, when the trench formwork 10 is on the surface of the earth, it is rotated by means of lifting eyes 60 for positioning on its side, as shown in FIG. 33. Then, the strom 102 can be attached to the corner points 98 of the lift, and the latch 108 can be removed from the holes 112 of the lower mount 34, and the spring-loaded connector 106 of the lower mount 34 can be opened. By means of the sling 102 or other means, the side panels 12 and 18 can be released to rotate around the upper mounts 28 and placed on the ground, as shown in FIG. 34 and 35. The sling 102 can be attached to the lifting eyes 60, the latch 108 can be removed from the holes 110 of the upper mount 28, and the spring-loaded connector 106 of the upper mount 28 can be released so that the transverse support 36 can be lifted from the first and second panels 12 and 18, as described above. It should be understood that you can use different methods of assembly and disassembly, depending on the circumstances and needs of the user. For example, the second disassembly method described may be preferable when the distance between the side panels 12 and 18 is small enough so that the lower connections 34 can be disconnected above ground level, and the first disassembly method described may be preferable when the distance between the side panels 12 and 18 is increased and it is preferable to completely turn the trench formwork 10.

[0085] Larger formwork trench

[0086] In some circumstances, trench formwork may be necessary in a larger format than that described and shown above, for example, having a high arch allowing vehicles and equipment to pass under it. However, an increase in size entails an increase in weight and stricter safety requirements during assembly and disassembly. The following is a description of the changes compared to the smaller trench formwork 10. It should be understood that the larger trench formwork 200 may contain many of the features described above relating to the smaller trench formwork 10, and the various features of the trench formwork 200 described below can be used in the smaller trench formwork 10.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 37-41, apart from the dimensions, the main difference in the design between the trench formwork 200 and the trench formwork 10 described above is the construction of the connection points 25 and the use of dampers 226. In the trench formwork 10, the connection points 25 are between the transverse support 36 and the lateral panels 12 and 18, and implemented as side supports 38 and 40, which are fixedly attached to the transverse supports 36 so that the side panels 12 and 18 are rotated relative to the transverse supports 36 and side supports 38 and 40. In the trench formwork 200 connection points 25 finding are between the transverse supports 36 and the side supports 38 and 40. In each case, the side supports 38 and 40 are removably attached to the side panels 12 and 18 and extend along in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge of the articulated joints 28.

[0088] FIG. 48 and 49, the detachable connection 34 is shown as a manually actuated latch 220, which is actuated by a lever 221, and, as shown in FIG. 41 and 43, engages with the finger 222. When the latch 220 is engaged with the finger 222, the side panels 12, 18 are locked in position, and when the latch 220 rises and disengages with the finger 222, the side panels 12, 18 are able to rotate as shown in FIG. 40. The latch 220 may also be spring-loaded, depending on the user's preferences.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 37, the transverse legs 36 preferably have an adjustable length that can be adjusted by removing the pins 224 or bolts, sliding the sections of the transverse legs 36, and reinstalling the pins 224 in the desired holes when the desired size is obtained.

[0090] As shown in FIG. 44 and 45, in the trench formwork 200 there is also a damper 226 at each connection point 25, which is used to control the rotation movement of the panels 12 and 18 relative to the transverse supports 36. The dampers 226 are located between the transverse supports 36 and the side panels 12. The dampers 226 can be located directly between the transverse supports 36 and the side panels 12, or between the transverse supports 36 and the side supports 38, 40. Since the trench formwork 200 has more weight and dimensions, dampers 226 are used to reduce the speed at which the panels 12 and 18 p turn around to reduce the risk of damage and injury during disassembly. Dampers 226 are essentially unnecessary during assembly because the risk is reduced, although there may be some designs in which they may be useful. As shown in FIG. 46, the dampers 226 are hydraulic cylinders with a flow restriction that allows only a certain flow rate, which slows the movement of the panels 12 and 18 relative to the transverse supports 36. In the present description, the term “damper” refers to any type of device that can be used to control the movement or slow motion. Other types of dampers may contain different types of hydraulic dampers, mechanical dampers, magnetic dampers or electric dampers, etc. Alternatively, in other embodiments, dampers 226 can be controlled by an external power source and can be used as actuators that facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the trench formwork 200 by applying force to rotate the panels 12 and 18 relative to the transverse supports 36 to and from the assembled position. This eliminates the need for lifting equipment or reduces the need for it.

[0091] Assembly Method - Larger Format

[0092] In FIG. 37-41 show the steps of assembling a larger trench formwork. These steps are similar to the method of assembling the smaller trench formwork 10 except that the panels 12 and 18 are first attached to the side supports 38 and 40, as shown in FIG. 38 and 39, and connection points 25 are connected between the side supports 38, 40 and the transverse supports 36 when the trench formwork 200 is raised. Given the weight and size of the trench formwork 200, it may be preferable to lift each side in turn, as shown in FIG. 40, not both sides at once, as described above, to reduce the risk of damage and injury. As with the smaller trench formwork 10, this depends on the equipment available and the user's preferences. When the racks 52 are no longer needed, they are turned up and removed as shown in FIG. 44 and 45, at a convenient time during the process.

[0093] Disassembly Method — Larger Format

[0094] The method for disassembling the larger trench formwork 200 is different from the method described above for the smaller trench formwork 10. Instead of lifting one side panel 12 or 18 and essentially tilting the trench formwork 10 to turn it over, the steps of assembling the trench formwork 200 are simply performed in the reverse order, with the side panel 18 (or 12) being released and lowered to the position shown in FIG. 40. This can be done by disconnecting the detachable connection 34 and applying a force to the side panel 18, for example, a pulling force, a lifting force, or a combination of these forces, so that the lower edges of the panels 12, 18 are spaced apart and the panels 12, 18 are inclined downward and away from the transverse support 36. You can then release the panel 12 (or 18) of the other side and lower e to the position shown in FIG. 39. The side panels 12 and 18 can then be detached and removed from the transverse supports 36. The side panels 12 and 18 can be rotated outward one at a time or simultaneously.

[0095] Universal connection system

[0096] Next, with reference to FIG. 24-30 and 50-65, a description of a universal joint system for trench formwork and a smaller format and a larger format follows. It should be understood that the elements of this connecting system can be used in any of the trench formwork described above, and this universal connecting system can be used with other types of trench formwork, not working as described above.

[0097] As described above with reference to FIG. 24-30, the trench formwork 10 may be assembled with additional panels connected to the first and second side panels 12 and 18, and the formwork may have one or more third party panels 62. From the above description and from the details described below, it should be understood that the side panels can be created in different configurations and may not be assembled and disassembled as described above. In the following description, references are generally made to a panel 300, which may be a first and second side panel 12 and 18, a third-side panel 62, or another side panel. As shown in the drawings, the side panels 300 are preferably flat. The side panels 300 are connected to each other by means of a universal connection profile 302 having evenly spaced connection points 116 located around the outer perimeter of the side panels 300. This type of connection profile 302 has been described above in connection with the universal connection profile 65. Although the connection points 316 are located on on the four sides of the panels 300, the side panels 300 may also have additional attachment points 322, as will be described below. The trench formwork 10 is then peeled by means of connecting brackets 304.

[0098] FIG. 50, a trench formwork 10 is shown having four side panels 300 connected by connecting brackets 304 at a 90 degree angle shown in FIG. 25. It should be understood that such structures can be formed at different angles between the receiving grooves 305 (Fig. 64) of the connecting bracket 304. For example, the receiving grooves 306 can be tilted so as to form triangular trench formwork having three sides 300, or to form trench formwork having five, six or eight sides 300. It should be understood that the number of sides 200 is determined based on the specific application and the needs of the user. As shown in FIG. 50, the trench formwork 10 has two vertically spaced connecting brackets 304 at each corner of the formwork 10. However, it should be understood that the trench formwork 10 can be connected with a single connecting bracket 304 at each corner of the formwork 10 or a plurality of connecting brackets 304 at each corner, depending on circumstances.

[0099] FIG. 51 shows a trench formwork 10 with connecting brackets 304 extending between the lower and upper side panels 300. Installing the brackets 304 between the side panels 300 and vertically and horizontally provides a connection between one bracket 304 and four panels 300. This provides an extension of the trench formwork 10 vertically as needed, and provides structural strength to the joint, since the connecting bracket 304 covers a portion of each panel. As shown in FIG. 53, the presence of the connecting profile 302 on the four sides of the side panels 300 also provides a change in the orientation of the side panels 300 connected by the connecting bracket 304. The panels forming the shown trench formwork 10 are the same size, and two horizontally oriented panels form each long side of the formwork 10, and one vertically oriented panel forms the short side of the trench formwork 10. As shown in the drawing, the two end panels on the short sides are offset vertically relative to the panels on the long side. The connection profile 302 allows the panel to be connected at any point on the connection profile 302, which allows the panel to be shifted vertically and horizontally.

[0100] FIG. 52 shows details of a connecting bracket 304 connected to the connecting profile 302. The connecting bracket 304 has a receiving groove 306 into which the connecting profile 302 is inserted. Then, pins 308. are inserted into the holes of the connecting profile 302. As shown in FIG. 54, the connecting bracket 304 may also have one receiving groove 306 for joining the vertically folded panels 300. This enables stacking of a plurality of side panels 300 when the trench formwork 10 is formed only with the first and second side panels 12 and 18, as described above. In FIG. 55-58, an example of a connecting bracket 304 is shown having only one receiving groove 306 and pin connectors 308. The pin connectors 208 may have locking engagement means such as a spring pin or locking pin 310. In addition, in FIG. 55-59 show a lifting eye 320 that can be used to move panels 300 or trench formwork 20, as further described below. As shown in FIG. 55, if the pin connectors are provided with a locking pin 310, the hole 312 receiving the pin of the connecting bracket 304 may have a profile. The locking pin can be oriented so that it faces point 314 of this profile. As shown in FIG. 56, point 314 may also be a groove rather than a smooth profile. The locking pin 310 can be inserted so that it faces the groove 314. As shown in FIG. 57 and 58, when the locking pin 310 passes through the bracket 304, it can be rotated so that it is no longer aligned with the groove 314, thereby preventing the removal of the pin 308, as shown in FIG. 58. As shown in FIG. 59, the connecting profile 302 of the side panels 300 may have diamond shaped openings 316, which allows the locking pin 310 to pass through these openings in different orientations, making it possible to create different connections to the connecting profile 302.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 60 and 61, the connection profile 302 can be used to form detachable connections with other equipment, such as accessories, safety devices, tools, sensors, etc., as described above. In FIG. 60 shows a side panel 300 having protruding tabs 318. The protruding tabs 318 can be used, for example, to raise the side panel 300 above the ground or to allow pipes or cables to pass under the side panel. 300. In FIG. 61 shows the fastening of the knife edge 100 shown in FIG. 30. The knife edge 1 is attached by means of pins 308, as shown in the drawings. In the example shown, the knife edge 100 is attached to an additional attachment point 322, although it is understood that the knife edge 100 can also be attached to the connection points 316. As shown in the drawing, additional attachment points 322 extend along two sides of the panel 300. However, they can be located on all four sides or only on one side, as the case may be. Additional attachment points 322 may be used to attach other accessories as described above. As shown in FIG. 62 and 63, the connecting bracket 304 may have two parallel receiving grooves 306, allowing panels 300 to be connected in a row to create a longer panel. As shown in the drawings, the two panels 300 are connected to each other by means of a single h-shaped bracket 304 into which a connecting profile 302 of the end of each panel 300 is inserted, and an upper and lower connecting bracket 304 into which a portion of the upper connecting profile 302 is inserted and which captures both panels 300.

[0102] In FIG. 64 and 65 show additional details of the connection between the receiving slots 306 of the connecting bracket 204 and the connecting profile 302. As shown in FIG. 64, the connecting profile 302 is inserted into the receiving groove 306. As shown in FIG. 65, the pins 308 are inserted into the holes 312 in the connecting bracket 304, and into the holes 316 of the connecting profile 302 in the side panel 300. The U-shaped receiving groove 306 of the connecting bracket 204 is engaged with both sides of the connecting profile 302 of the side panel 300, giving structural strength connecting and counteracting forces acting on the side panel 300 from any direction. There may be additional attachment points 322 for stabilizing the side panels 300 via additional connectors, such as the bracket 68 shown in FIG. 26 and 27 and described above.

[0103] The following is a description of the assembly and operation of the trench formwork 10 with reference to FIG. 51. It should be understood that the principles described can equally apply to trench formwork of both the larger and smaller formats described above, and any combination of assembly methods can be applied. In some cases, the trench formwork 10 can be assembled without the use of transverse supports and hinges, for example, when the desired trench formwork 10 is relatively small and allows the use of lightweight side panels 300 that can be manually manipulated. The trench formwork 10 can be assembled by attaching the connecting brackets 304 to the connecting profile 302 of the first side panel 300. The connecting brackets 304 are put on the connecting profile 302 so that the connecting profile 302 is inserted into the receiving groove 306 of the connecting bracket 304. Holes 312 for receiving pins on the connecting the bracket 304 is aligned with the holes 316 of the connecting profile 302. Then, the pins 308 are inserted into the holes 312 and 316 and may be locked on the meta by means of a locking pin 310 or by other means of locking wounding, for example, using a standard, well-known pin and socket design. The first side panel 300 may be vertical, or it may be mounted horizontally on the ground so that the outside contacts the ground to form a connection without having to support the side panel 300. When connecting brackets 304 are attached to the first side panel 300, the connecting brackets 300 on either side of the first side panel 300 can attach another side panel 300. It should be understood that the trench formwork 10 can be assembled when it is located on the outside th of the side panel 300, or it can also be harvested when it is at the edge of the connecting profile 302. The panels 300 may be assembled vertically on top of other panels 300, as shown in FIG. 51, or horizontally, adjacent to other panels 300, as shown in FIG. 62 and 63. Panels 300 can also be assembled in different orientations and positions, as shown in FIG. 53. When manipulating the panels 300 and the trench formwork 10, it is possible to use the lifting eyes 320 provided on the connecting brackets 304. For example, after assembling the trench formwork 10, a crane or other lifting device can be connected to the lifting eyes 320 to be able to lift the trench formwork 10 and lower it into the trench 11, as shown in FIG. 7A, or into another recess in the ground for the required wall reinforcement. The presence of lifting eyes 320 on the connecting brackets 304 provides the formation of the connection in different positions on the trench formwork 10, which allows the manipulation of formwork 10 of different configurations.

[0104] In the present description, the word "comprising" is used in a non-limiting sense and means that the objects listed after this word are included, but the objects not mentioned in the enumeration are not excluded. Indication of an element in the singular does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements, unless the context clearly requires the presence of one and only one such element.

[0105] The scope of the appended claims is not limited to the preferred options described in the examples and shown in the drawings, but should be construed in the broadest sense corresponding to the description as a whole.

Claims (82)

1. Trench formwork containing: the first and second side panels connected parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports, each transverse support contains: connection points at the first end and at the second end of each transverse support that connect the first and second side panels to the first and second transverse supports, while the connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and the first and the second transverse supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels; each connection point contains a swivel that provides the movement of rotation of the side panels relative to the transverse supports around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge, while the detachable connection is selectively disconnected to allow rotation of the corresponding first or a second side panel around the hinge axis so that the panels are not parallel. 2. The formwork according to claim 1, further comprising side supports mounted between the side panels and the transverse supports, wherein the side supports extend along the side panels in a direction perpendicular to the hinge axis. 3. The formwork according to claim 2, wherein the connecting points connect the transverse support to the side supports. 4. The formwork according to claim 3, in which the side panels are removably mounted on the side supports. 5. The formwork according to claim 2, in which, when the detachable connection is disconnected, the side supports are rotated sufficiently around the axis of the hinge to ensure the interaction of one or more transverse supports with the ground surface. 6. The formwork according to claim 2, in which the side supports are fixedly mounted on the transverse supports so that the side panels rotate relative to the transverse supports and side supports. 7. The formwork according to claim 1, in which each transverse support further comprises one or more pillars that support the transverse support on the ground. 8. The formwork according to claim 1, in which the detachable connections are spring-loaded connections. 9. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the transverse supports are adjustable in length to control the distance between the first and second side panels. 10. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the height of the first and second side panels is greater than the height of the transverse supports, so that when the transverse support is supported by one or more pillars on the ground, the first and second side panels are tilted down and out relative to the transverse supports . 11. The formwork according to claim 1, in which each transverse support includes lifting eyes that provide suspension of the transverse supports by means of a lifting device so that the side panels freely rotate around the hinges when the transverse supports are raised to a sufficient height. 12. The formwork according to claim 1, further comprising one or more third party panels that is attached to one or more of the first and second side panels. 13. The formwork according to claim 12, in which one or more third-side panels are attached to the first side panels by means of an angular connecting element, wherein the angular connecting element has a connecting profile that fastens one or more third-side panels perpendicular to the first side panel. 14. The formwork according to claim 12, in which one or more panels of the third side is attached to the upper edge of the first or second side panel by means of a connecting element, wherein the connecting element has a connecting profile that fastens one or more panels of the third side in the same plane as at least one of the first and second side panels. 15. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the perimeter of the first and second side panels comprises a universal connecting profile that is engaged with the universal connecting element. 16. The formwork according to claim 1, in which each side panel contains at least one damper for controlling the rotation movement of each side panel relative to the transverse supports. 17. A method of assembling a trench formwork, comprising stages in which: position one or more transverse supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other in a vertical orientation, while each transverse support contains: connection points at the first end and at the second end of each transverse support, and each connection point comprises a swivel joint and a detachable joint located at a distance from the swivel joint, rotatably fastens the first side panel to the hinges at the first end of each transverse support, and the second side panel to the hinges at the second end of each transverse support, with the side panels tilted down and out relative to the transverse supports; raise the transverse supports so that the first and second side panels are turned to the transverse supports; and connect detachable connections so that the first and second side panels are attached parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by the first and second transverse supports located parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels. 18. A method of disassembling a trench formwork, comprising stages in which: provide trench formwork containing: the first and second side panels connected in parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by the first and second transverse supports, each transverse support contains: the connection points at the first end and the second end of each transverse support, which fasten the first and second side panels to the first and second transverse supports, while the connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and the first and second lateral supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels; each connection point contains a swivel that provides the movement of rotation of the side panels relative to the transverse supports around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge, while the detachable connection is selectively disconnected to allow rotation the corresponding first or second side panel around the hinge axis so that the panels are not parallel; and at least one damper for controlling the rotation movement of each side panel relative to the transverse supports; and one or more racks that support lateral support on the surface of the earth, while the swivel is located at a distance from the detachable connection; position the trench formwork on the ground so that the trench formwork is supported by the lower edge of the first and second side panels with transverse supports parallel to the ground surface; disconnect the detachable connection of the first side panel and apply force to the first side panel, which causes it to rotate around the hinge joint until it is tilted down and out from the lateral support, while one or more dampers control the movement of the first side panel flap; disconnect the detachable joint of the second side panel and apply force to the second side panel, which causes it to rotate around the hinge joint until it is tilted down and out from the transverse support, and so that one or more racks interact with the surface of the earth, while moving turning the second side panel controls one or more dampers; and remove the first and second side panels from the transverse support. 19. The method according to p. 18, in which the detachable connection of the first and second side panels are disconnected simultaneously so that the first and second side panels are rotated simultaneously. 20. A method of disassembling a trench formwork, comprising stages in which provide trench formwork containing: the first and second side panels connected parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports, each transverse support contains: connection points at the first end and second end of each transverse support, which fasten the first and second side panels to one or more transverse supports, while connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and one or more lateral supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels; wherein each connection point contains a swivel that provides the movement of rotation of the side panels relative to one or more transverse supports around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge, while the detachable connection is made with the possibility of selective separation to ensure rotation of the corresponding first or second side panel around the axis of the hinge so that the panels are not parallel; positioning the trench formwork so that the outer surface of the first side panel interacts with the surface of the earth; raise the second side panel so that the second side panel rotates relative to the first side panel and lower the second side panel until the outer surface of the second side panel interacts with the ground at a distance from the first side panel defined by one or more transverse supports, the connections are disconnected to allow relative movement of the first and second side panels; and one or more lateral bearings are removed from the first and second side panels. 21. A method for disassembling a trench formwork, comprising the steps of: provide trench formwork containing: the first and second side panels connected parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports, each transverse support contains: connection points at the first end and second end of each transverse support, which fasten the first and second side panels to one or more transverse supports, while connection points support the first and second side panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and one or more lateral supports parallel to each other and at a distance from each other between the first and second side panels; wherein each connection point contains a swivel that provides the movement of rotation of the side panels relative to one or more transverse supports around the axis of the hinge, and a detachable connection located at a distance from the hinge in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hinge, while the detachable connection is made with the possibility of selective separation to ensure rotation of the corresponding first or second side panel around the axis of the hinge so that the panels were not parallel; position the trench formwork so that the upper edge of the first and second side panels interacts with the surface of the earth; disconnect the detachable connections of the first and second side panels; lower the first and second side panels by turning until the outer surface of the first side panel and the outer surface of the second side panel interact with the ground; and one or more lateral supports are removed from the first and second side panels. 22. Trench formwork assembled for use in the pit, containing: a plurality of panels comprising at least a first panel, a second panel and a third panel, each panel comprising: a connecting profile comprising a plurality of straight edge segments extending along a peripheral edge of the panel, each straight edge segment having a plurality of evenly spaced connection points, wherein the distance between the connecting points on each straight edge segment is the same, the first and second panels are fixed parallel to each other and at a distance from each other; a plurality of connectors that are connected between the connecting profiles, wherein at least one connector connects the third panel and the first panel for securing the third panel relative to the first and second panels. 23. The formwork according to claim 22, in which the first and second panels are fixed parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports having a first end connected to the first panel and a second end connected to the second panel. 24. The formwork of claim 22, wherein the plurality of connectors further connect the third panel and the second panel. 25. The formwork according to claim 24, wherein the plurality of connectors further connect the fourth panel to the first and second panels, wherein the first and second panels are fixed parallel to each other and spaced apart by third and fourth panels. 26. The formwork according to claim 25, in which the third and fourth panels are parallel to each other and at a distance from each other. 27. The formwork according to claim 22, in which the third panel is connected parallel to and aligned with the first panel. 28. The formwork according to claim 22, in which the third panel is connected at an angle with the first panel. 29. The formwork according to claim 22, in which each panel has a rectangular shape and has a length and width, and the connecting profile extends along the length and width of each panel, while at least the length and width of the third panel are not the same as the length, and the width of the third panel may be connected to each of the length and width of the first panel. 30. A method of installing or using trench formwork in a pit having side walls, comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of panels comprising at least a first panel, a second panel and a third panel, each panel having a connecting profile having a plurality of straight edge segments along the peripheral edges of the panel, each straight edge segment having a plurality of evenly spaced connection points, wherein each straight edge segment has a plurality of evenly spaced connection points, wherein the distance between the connecting points on each straight edge segment is the same; provide a variety of connectors that create a connection between the connection profiles; collect trench formwork by: fastening the first and second panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other; and one or more connectors are used to connect the third panel and the first panel to secure the third panel relative to the first and second panels. 31. The method according to p. 30, in which the first and second panels are mounted parallel to each other and at a distance from each other by one or more transverse supports having a first end connected to the first panel and a second end connected to the second panel. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein one or more connectors are used to connect the third panel and the second panel. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising applying connectors to connect the fourth panel to the first and second panels, wherein the first and second panels are secured parallel to each other and spaced apart by third and fourth panels. 34. The method according to p. 33, in which the third and fourth panels are parallel to each other and at a distance from each other. 35. The method according to p. 30, in which the third panel is connected parallel to the first panel and aligned with it. 36. The method according to p. 30, in which the third panel is connected at an angle with the first panel. 37. The method according to p. 30, in which each panel has a rectangular shape and has a length and width, and the connecting profile extends along the length and width of each panel, while at least the length and width of the third panel are not the same, and further comprising steps, which: a plurality of arrangements are identified in which the length and width of the third panel can be connected to each of the length and width of the first panel, and choose one of many such arrangements. 38. The method of claim 30, further comprising installing a trench formwork in the pit to support at least a portion of the side walls of the pit.

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