RU2708610C1 - Universal container for transportation of packaged-piece and loose loads - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation; packaging and storage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport containers, in particular to universal large-capacity ISO containers for the transport and storage of packaged and loose goods. Technical result is achieved by using container, which contains at least one loading hatch and at least one unloading hatch, floor and end doors, on the floor there is a raised floor with the possibility of its lifting at an angle by means of at least one detachable hoist installed in the cavity between the floor and the floor for unloading of the container through the unloading hatch, at the same time the raised floor is made in the form of a frame with reinforcement elements.

EFFECT: technical result is creation of universal container for transportation of packaged-piece and loose loads with simplification and acceleration of loose goods unloading and provision of tightness.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport packaging, in particular to universal large-capacity containers of the ISO standard for the transportation and storage of unit-piece and bulk cargoes.

So, from the prior art, a transport container for transporting bulk cargo containing a floor made with the possibility of lifting at an angle to the plane of the base is known (French patent No. 2720728, published 08.12.1995,).

A disadvantage of the known solution is that the container structure does not have a roof, the container floor, which is also movable relative to the horizontal plane, does not have a connection to the fixed floor of the container, because connected to only one of the side walls of the container. The presented design will not ensure the tightness of the container, which is one of the requirements of ISO standards. The absence of a top strapping around the perimeter of the container will not allow it to be loaded using standard equipment used to load ISO containers on cars, railway rolling stock or on board the vessel, which significantly reduces the scope of this container, which may be limited to bulk cargo that is not afraid precipitation.

For the closest analogue to the patented solution, a universal large-capacity container of the ISO standard for transportation and storage of unit-piece and bulk cargoes was adopted, containing a standard floor, two standard end doors in the end wall, a blind end wall, which together forms the body, on the roof of the container there is at least one loading hatch, at the bottom of each of the side walls of the container there is one or more unloading hatches on each side, each hatch is equipped with a locking device allowing open the unloading hatch of the container above the unloading place automatically, to the bottom of the side walls of the container from the inside, at the junction of the side wall and the floor of the container, unloading sheets are attached with a movable connection with the possibility of rotation from vertical to horizontal position, all hatches are equipped with locking devices providing reliable , tight locking (RF patent No. 2664089, published August 15, 2018).

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the design complexity of the discharge prism, the long process of its assembly and disassembly. The height of the unloading prism in the container, at an angle of inclination of its unloading planes of 45 degrees, is close to the maximum permissible height of the center of gravity of the cargo in the container, as a result of which the useful volume of the container with the assembled unloading prism that can be used for loading bulk cargo is only about 45 % of the total usable volume of the container. Thus, when loading light bulk goods with a low bulk density, such as grain, granular polypropylene, a number of fertilizers, the load capacity and capacity of the container, it will not be fully used, which will sharply reduce the economic efficiency of the container when transporting bulk cargo. Such a container will be effective only for the transportation of heavy bulk cargo with a bulk density of more than 1.0 t / m3. When transporting in such a container in one direction of light bulk cargo, and in the other direction of heavy bulk cargo, the container becomes ineffective compared to existing methods of transporting bulk cargo in mineral hoppers.

The technical problem to which this invention is directed is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means by providing the possibility of transporting, in addition to unit cargo, bulk cargo, as well as the creation of a simple and reliable container design with self-unloading of the universal container under the action of gravity of the cargo itself without the inclination of the container relative to the longitudinal or transverse axes, the removal of bulk cargo from the container is carried out using a special unloading Device (raised floor) is also provided tightness, reliability and corrosion resistance of the container.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to create a universal container for the transport of packaged and bulk goods with the simplification and acceleration of unloading of bulk cargo and ensuring tightness.

The specified technical result is achieved in a container for the transport of piece and bulk cargo, containing at least one loading hatch and at least one discharge hatch, floor and end doors, characterized in that the floor has a raised floor with the possibility of lifting it at an angle by at least one removable lift installed in the cavity between the floor and the raised floor for unloading the container through the unloading hatch, while the raised floor is made in the form of a frame with reinforcing elements.

Thanks to the implementation of the container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo, containing at least one loading hatch and at least one unloading hatch, end doors, floor, raised floor and a removable elevator, the transportation of both piece and bulk cargoes is facilitated and simplified and acceleration of their unloading.

Thanks to the implementation of the container with a raised raised floor, tightness, simplification and acceleration of unloading of the remains of bulk cargo from the container is ensured.

The implementation of the raised floor from the frame with reinforcing elements allows to ensure the reliability of the container design, thereby increasing the tightness of the container and the safety of goods during transportation in a universal container.

In particular, the removable lift is made pneumatic, which allows you to raise the raised floor to the required angle, thereby quickly and without loss to unload bulk cargo.

In particular, the pneumatic lifting lift contains at least one pneumatic cushion that allows you to set the desired angle, which helps to accelerate and simplify the unloading of bulk cargo.

In particular, one of the sides of the raised floor is connected to the floor by a swivel that allows you to set a certain angle that exceeds the angle of repose of the bulk cargo, which allows you to quickly and without loss to unload bulk cargo.

In particular, one of the pillows is attached to the floor by means of at least one ring and slings.

In particular, a coating of moisture-resistant plywood is attached to the surface of the frame on both sides to provide corrosion protection for the surfaces of the container.

Further, the invention is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation and drawings.

Figure 1 presents a side view of a universal container.

Figure 2 - end view of the container of figure 1.

Figure 3 is a side view of the container when unloading the remains of bulk cargo.

Figure 4 is an end view of the container with a raised raised floor when unloading the remains of bulk cargo.

According to the claimed invention, a universal container of the ISO standard for the transport of packaged and bulk cargoes (hereinafter referred to as the container) is shown schematically in Figures 1, 2 and has a standard floor 2, two end doors in the end wall 3, a blind end wall 4, which together form the housing 1 container. On the roof of the container there is at least one loading hatch 5. At the bottom of each of the side walls 24 of the container there is at least one side unloading hatch 6, each of which is equipped with a locking device 7. On the floor 2 of the container there is a raised floor 8, which is strong , lightweight and load-bearing design, matching the area with the floor of 2 containers. The raised floor 8 of the container is a strong frame 12 in the form of a rectangular frame with reinforcing elements that can be made of metal pipes or composite material. A solid and waterproof coating 13 (for example, moisture-proof plywood) is attached to the frame 12 on both sides to flush the container from the remnants of the previously transported cargo and to provide corrosion protection to the surface of the container. The design of the frame 12 assumes the presence between its lower plane and floor 2 of the container of cavities 14 for the possibility of installing mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic removable lifts.

In the particular case of the implementation of the removable lift 15 is made pneumatic and consists of at least one pneumatic cushion 16 for lifting goods. If there are several pillows, they are located one on the other and are interconnected by a strong tape 22.

Two opposite edges of the pillows 16 are interconnected by two or more strong slings 18. On one side of the slings 18 are long, on the other hand are short. When air is supplied to the cushions 16, the slings 18 are stretched, as a result of which the lower cushion 16 will come into contact with its lower plane with the floor 2 of the container, its upper plane with the lower plane of the upper cushion 16. The upper plane of the upper cushion 16 will come into contact with the lower plane of the raised floor 8 and pick it up. Due to the fact that the length of the lines 18 connecting the opposite edges of the pillows 16 are of different lengths, these edges will have different lengths of movement. Where the edges of the pillows 16 are connected by short slings 18, the edge of the upper pillow 16 rises above the edge of the lower pillow 16 by 30-40 cm, and where the edges of the pillows 16 are connected by long slings 18, the edge of the upper pillow 16 rises relative to the edge of the lower pillow 16 by 80-100 cm Lifting the edges of the upper cushion 16 to different heights will ensure maximum fit of the upper plane of the upper cushion 16 to the lower plane of the raised floor 8 and ensure its smooth rise to the angle necessary for pouring the load. The lower cushion 16 is attached to the floor 2 of the container in the region of its longitudinal axis with at least one ring 17 attached to the floor 2 of the container and a strong sling 18 attached to the pillow 16 and threaded through this ring 17. When tensioning the slings 18, the worker towards the longitudinal axis of the floor 2 of the container, the pneumatic elevator 15 is installed and fixed under the longitudinal axis of the raised floor 8. After bleeding the air from the pneumatic elevator 15 and bringing the raised floor 8 into a horizontal position, the worker pulling the slings 18 in the direction opposite from the longitudinal axis of the floor 2 of the container, freely removes the pneumatic lift 15 from the container. Each of the pneumatic lifts 15 has a hose 19 for supplying and venting air. Management of the air supply to the pneumatic lift 15 and the bleeding of air from the pneumatic removable lift 15 is carried out through the control panel 23.

One of the long sides of the raised floor 8 is attached by a movable joint 9 to the floor 2 of the container. All other sides of the raised floor 8 can freely move relative to the axis of the connection between the floor of the container 2 and the raised floor 8. An unloading sheet 10 is fixed to the end wall 4 of the container, which coincides in area with the end wall 4 and ensures complete unloading of bulk cargo from the container. The end doors in the end wall 3 are also closed by a removable unloading sheet 11, which coincides in area with the doorway of the container. When transporting packaged goods, the unloading sheet 11 is removed from the doorway and mounted inside the container by any known method on the floor 2, on the side walls 24 or on the ceiling of the container.

Along the side walls 24 of the container in order to strengthen them, longitudinal reinforcing beams 20 are located. Side discharge hatches 6 can open either from the bottom up or from top to bottom, depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the bulk cargo, as well as the design of the receiving devices at the places of unloading of bulk cargo .

The side discharge hatch 6 of the container and its locking device 7 have a standard design. For safe unloading of bulk cargo and to ensure flushing of the container, the unloading hatch 6 has a latch 21, which ensures its fixation in the half-open position.

To prevent contact of bulk cargo with the metal parts of the inner surfaces of the container raised floor 8, the inner surfaces of all side walls 24 and discharge hatches 6 of the container are glued with plywood or other material that provides corrosion protection of the inner surfaces of the container.

A universal container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo works as follows.

The loading and unloading of packaged goods in a container is carried out in the usual manner through the end doors 3. In the case of transportation of bulk cargo, they are loaded through loading hatches 5 in the roof of the container, bulk cargo is unloaded through the unloading hatches 6 in the lower part of the side walls 24 of the container. In this case, unloading of bulk cargo from both containers can be carried out both with and without removal from the railway platform. All hatches 5.6 are equipped with standard locking devices and provide reliable locking (with the possibility of hanging a standard seal) and tightness of the container, in accordance with the requirements of the KBK, CPC and the Maritime Register.

 Bulk cargo is unloaded from the container in two stages. At the first stage, 70-75% of the bulk cargo is poured out of the container, this occurs under the action of gravity of the cargo itself, without tilting the container relative to the longitudinal or transverse axes. At the second stage, for unloading the remaining 25-30% of the bulk cargo in the container, an unloading device is used, which is a raised floor 8, lying on the floor of the container 2 and coinciding in size with the floor of the container 2. Raised floor 8 rises upward at an angle to the transverse axis of the plane of the floor 2 of the container. Raising the floor 2 is carried out by one or more pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical lifts 15. Removable lifts 15 are inserted into the cavity 14 between the floor 2 of the container and the raised floor 8. Raised floor 8 when lifting forms an angle relative to the floor 2 of the container, which exceeds the angle of repose of the bulk cargo, which allows unload bulk cargo quickly and without loss. At the same time, the entire internal volume of the container is used for the transportation of goods. The need for additional complex work on preparing the container for the transportation of unit-piece cargo is reduced, and the range of bulk cargo transported in it is significantly expanding.

Loading bulk cargo into a container.

Bulk cargo is loaded into the container in the standard way through the upper loading hatches 5. In this case, the end doors 3 and the side discharge hatches 6 must be closed. An unloading sheet 11 is installed in the doorway of the container from the inside. On the floor 2 of the container there is a raised floor 8 on which bulk cargo is poured. The container is filled with bulk cargo to full capacity or full capacity. During loading, the container can be installed on a railway rolling stock, car or site.

Unloading bulk cargo from the container.

The container, located on a railway platform or car rolling stock, is located at the place of unloading of bulk cargo. The worker manually opens the standard locking device 7. There is an incomplete opening of the unloading hatch 6, because it is held by the latch 21. The worker, having left the reach of the unloading hatch 6, scraps out the latch 21 - the unloading hatch 6 opens fully and 70-75% of the cargo falls out of the container under the action of gravity down into the receiving hopper. The rest of the cargo lies in the container on the raised floor 8. The worker installs in the cavity 14 between the floor 2 of the container and the raised floor 8 removable lifts 15 and drives them. Raised floor 8 rises relative to the transverse axis of the plane of the floor 2 of the container at an angle greater than the angle of repose of the bulk cargo, before aligning with the unloading hatch 6, the load is poured from the raised floor 8 and leaves the container through the unloading hatches 6. The worker with the help of removable lifts 15 lowers the raised floor 8 to the floor 2 of the container, removes the elevators 15 from the cavities 14 between the floor 2 of the container and the raised floor 8, closes the unloading hatches 6. Unloading of bulk cargo from the container is completed.

Closing the unloading hatch 6.

The discharge hatch 6 is closed manually by one worker. An empty container after unloading bulk cargo is located on a railway platform or road rolling stock. The worker lifts the lid of the discharge hatch 6 and locks it in the closed position with a standard locking device 7.

 The loading of packaged goods into a container and their unloading from the container occurs in a known manner using existing, well-known handling equipment.

The result of the implementation of the claimed invention is the expansion of the range of bulk cargo transported in universal containers of the ISO standard, simplification and acceleration of unloading of bulk cargo and ensuring tightness, saving money on the construction of specialized transshipment complexes and warehouses for storing bulk cargo in sea and river ports, and at industrial enterprises . An increase in the number of sea and river ports capable of handling bulk cargo in the presence of a container terminal and the absence of specialized warehouses and transshipment facilities for transshipment of bulk cargo. Switching of Russian export of bulk cargo currently being transported in the seaports of foreign countries to the seaports of the Russian Federation.

Claims (6)

1. A container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo containing at least one loading hatch and at least one discharge hatch, floor and end doors, characterized in that the floor has a raised floor with the possibility of lifting it at an angle by at least one removable lift installed in the cavity between the floor and the raised floor for unloading the container through the unloading hatch, while the raised floor is made in the form of a frame with reinforcing elements. 2. The container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the lift is made pneumatic. 3. A container for transporting packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 2, characterized in that the pneumatic elevator comprises at least one pneumatic pillow. 4. A container for transporting packaged and bulk goods according to claim 3, characterized in that one of the pillows is attached to the floor by means of at least one ring and slings. 5. A container for transporting packaged and bulk goods according to claim 1, characterized in that a coating of moisture-proof plywood is attached to the surface of the frame on both sides. 6. The container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the sides of the raised floor is connected to the floor by a swivel joint.

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