RU2706196C1 - Method for production of cottonize flax fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile and paper.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to textile industry, in particular to production of cottonize linen fiber. Method consists in pretreatment of short flax fiber including baling dismantling, loosening, preliminary cleaning, formation of fiber into tape, emulsification, formation of fiber into rolls and coil recovery until temperature in them reaches 37–40 °C, and subsequent cottonization by continuous multiple loosening and combing with simultaneous final cleaning of flax fiber. Fiber is emulsified by composition containing, wt%: mineral oil 24.0–28.0; sodium alkyl-sulphates of primary alcohols C-C6.0–8.0; oxyethylated secondary alcohols of C-Cseries with degree of oxyethylation 7–9 14.0–16.0; water up to 100, with consumption of composition 18–20 % of weight of fiber. Note here that linseed fiber cottonization is carried out in cottonization line of modular type.EFFECT: technical result of proposed technical solution is to increase quality of kotonizirovannogo flax fiber and intensification of technological process of its production.1 cl, 2 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, in particular, to the field of creating technology for the production of cotonized flax fiber.

Cotonization is the process of processing short flax fiber into cotonin, which by its direct properties is close to cotton and suitable for joint spinning with cotton and wool, as well as with viscose and polyester fibers.

A known method of mechanical cotonization of flax fiber, including its razvolennost and multiple combing. Before stripping, the fiber is treated with an aqueous solution of an enzyme preparation selected from the group: xylanase, pectinase, cellulase, laccase, having an activity of 15-50 u / ml, with a mass ratio of a solution of enzymatic fiber equal to 1: 2, while processing is carried out for 120- 140 minutes, followed by drying the treated flax fiber with hot air (RU 2340711 C2, class D01G 21/00, D01B 1/10, D01C 1/02, publ. 10.12.2008).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the obtained cotonin due to the high content of bonfire and weed impurities (9-11%) in the fiber.

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is a method for producing cotonized flax fiber, including loosening; mixing; preliminary cleaning; emulsification; fiber forming into rolls; "burying" within 24 hours; carding and forming fibers into a tape; thinning tape; flattening; treatment with steam-air emulsion; sealing the fiber tape in the longitudinal direction; fiber cutting; loosening and splitting of fiber; moisture equalization in the pneumatic conveying system; the selection of fiber from the air pulp; fine cleaning; compaction of the comb to the size of the future bale; bale formation (RU 2132422 C1, class D01G 21/00, D01G 37/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the multi-operation (17 operations) and the increased duration of the process. In addition, a large number of physical influences contribute to damage to flax fiber, and cutting leads to an increase in the yield of small indirect fibers.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to improve the quality of cotonized flax fiber and the intensification of the technological process for its production.

This result is achieved by the fact that in the method of producing cotonized flax fiber by pretreating a short fiber, including disassembling bales, loosening, pre-cleaning, forming a fiber into a tape, emulsifying, forming a fiber into rolls and tracking rolls, followed by cotonization, including combing, loosening and final cleaning, emulsification is carried out with a composition containing, by weight. %:

Mineral oil 24.0-28.0 Primary sodium alkyl sulfates alcohols of the series C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ 6.0-8.0 Oxyethylated secondary alcohols of the series C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ with a degree hydroxyethylation 7-9 14.0-16.0 Water up to 100,

at a composition consumption of 18-20% by weight of the fiber, the rolls are traced until they reach a temperature of 37-40 ° C, and cotonization is carried out by continuous multiple loosening and combing with simultaneous final cleaning of flax fiber.

At the same time, flax fiber cotonization is carried out on a modular type cotonization line.

When sodium alkyl sulfates of the C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ series and hydroxyethylated secondary alcohols (C) of the C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ series with a degree of hydroxyethylation of 7-9 are introduced into the emulsifying composition based on mineral oil and water, the synergistic effect occurs increase wetting and dispersing properties of the composition. This helps to break the bonds between flax fiber material and bonfire, improves fiber elementization, provides stable textile processing by improving its frictional properties (friction coefficients of fiber over fiber and fiber over metal), reduces breakage in spinning, and increases elasticity.

When conducting “baking” the rolls until they reach a temperature of 37-40 ° C, the stresses in the fibers obtained as a result of mechanical stresses during pretreatment are relaxed, as well as the moisture leveling inside the package mass, which increases the flexibility of the fibers and contributes to a better separation of their complexes.

The temperature of 37-40 ° C, achieved in rolls during “curing”, is optimal for these processes, since above 40 ° C, the process of destruction of flax fiber cellulose begins, which will lead to a decrease in its strength properties.

Carrying out the process of cotonization by continuous multiple loosening and combing with simultaneous final cleaning of flax fiber on the cotonization line of a modular type allows to intensify the process and reduce the number of operations.

The introduction of sodium alkyl sulfates PS series C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ less than 6.0 wt. % and ethoxylated BC series C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ with a degree of hydroxyethylation 7-9 less than 14 wt. % does not allow to obtain a synergistic effect of increasing the wetting and dispersing properties of the composition. Their introduction of more than 8.0 and 16.0 wt. %, respectively, is impractical, since there is no further strengthening of the above effect.

Sodium alkyl sulfates are obtained by sulfating a mixture of primary fatty alcohols of the C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ series with sulfur trioxide (SO ₃ ) at a temperature of 25-40 ° C, followed by neutralization of the formed alkyl sulfuric acids with an 8-10% sodium hydroxide solution. Sulfuric anhydride is used in a mixture with air (4-6% SO ₃ by weight).

The obtained alkyl sulfates are an anionic surfactant (surfactant) with an aqueous solution pH of 8-9 and a CMC of 0.2-0.6 mmol / L at 40 ° C.

The ethoxylated BCs of the C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ series are nonionic surfactants; they are obtained by sequential addition of ethylene oxide to secondary C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ fatty alcohols at 100-120 ° C in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boric acid. The degree of hydroxyethylation (the number of attached moles of ethylene oxide) is from 7 to 9.

The resulting products are characterized by a density of 0.960-0.965 kg / m ³ at 25 ° C and a flash point in a closed crucible of 178-180 ° C.

As mineral oil, spindle oil according to TU 38.1011232-89 or highly refined petroleum oil according to GOST 28549.10-91 (ISO 6743-10-89) is used.

The composition for emulsification is prepared by sequential mixing of mineral oil, alkylsulfates, ethoxylated secondary alcohols and water in the stated ratio.

The method is as follows.

Pre-processing of short flax fibers is carried out on the production line PL-1-KL, on which bales are disassembled, preliminary (partial) cleaning of the fire, fiber formation into a ribbon, emulsification, fiber formation into rolls.

Emulsification is carried out with a composition containing, by weight. %:

Mineral oil 24.0-28.0 Primary sodium alkyl sulfates alcohols of the series C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ 6.0-8.0 Oxyethylated secondary alcohols of the series C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ with a degree hydroxyethylation 7-9 14.0-16.0 Water up to 100.

Consumption of the composition is 18-20% by weight of the fiber. Then, the rolls are “drained” in the steaming chamber at a temperature of 24-26 ° C and relative humidity of 65-70% until the temperature in them reaches 37-40 ° C.

The further cotonization process is carried out on a modular type cotonization line (China).

The line consists of modular sections. It includes blocks containing:

- a loading machine with one ring drum and 2 reels with a saw set;

- feeder and section with 3 serrated drums;

- feeder and section with 4 serrated drums.

Thus, the fiber in the process of passing through the line of cotonization is subjected to continuous multiple loosening and combing through nine drums with a saw set.

The line works as follows.

Fiber is fed to the feeding table, which is evenly distributed along the conveyor belt.

Next, the fiber is fed to a pair of feed rollers, captured and combed by a loosening receiving drum with a saw headset having a rotation speed of 1460-1600 rpm. In this case, the fiber passes over the grate, where heavy impurities, bonfires, are removed.

Then the flax fiber is fed to a mesh drum, on the surface of which a thin floor (comb) is formed of flax fiber, where dust, lint and short fibers (up to 5 mm) are removed by a vacuum fan.

Thus, the final cleaning of the fire, weeds, fluff, dust and short fibers occurs first mechanically between the receiving drum and the grate, then from the flooring of the fiber on the surface of the mesh drums due to suction by a vacuum pump.

Due to the rotation of the mesh drum, the flooring of the loosened fiber is transferred to the next section of the saw drums or is pressed into bales.

The number of sections with serrated drums may vary depending on the quality of the raw materials used.

Table 1 presents the compositions for emulsification and the parameters of the method for producing cotonized flax fiber according to examples. Examples 4 and 5 are control.

For comparative testing, short flax fiber was processed by the method according to the prototype RU 2132422 (example 6).

Example 6 (prototype).

Preliminary processing of short flax fiber and cotonization were carried out on a production line composed of standard equipment.

Bales of short fiber were mounted on a bale cultivator and fed through a feed conveyor to a roughing machine for loosening and partial cleaning. At the exit of the roughing machine, an emulsion was supplied by means of nozzles to wet the webs. Using a roll mechanism, the web was formed into rolls.

After “baking” the rolls for 24 hours, they were fed to the carding machine, where they underwent finer cleaning. A cleaned and mixed layer of fiber was formed into a tape.

The thinning of the tape made of fiber was carried out at the transitions of the tape comb machine. From it, the tape was fed into a conditioning machine, then to a device for re-emulsification, and by means of a feed conveyor through a sealing device to a cutting machine.

The cut flax fiber was sent to the fiber receiver of the pneumatic conveying system for loosening and leveling by humidity. At the exit of the pneumatic transport system, the fiber was split by a fan.

Further, the air-fibrous mass was supplied to the condenser, from where it fell into the feeder and onto the carding machine of the two-comb unit. After that, by means of the shaper of the floor, a web was formed in several layers of carding in such a way that the layers of the web entered the carding machine with a certain orientation of the fibers to the longitudinal axis of the aggregate. The cotonized flax fiber was compacted, laid on a pallet, and then pressed into bales.

The results of comparative tests kotonizirovannogo flax fiber obtained by the proposed method and the method of the prototype are presented in table 2.

It should be noted that after the “curing” of the rolls of the prototype for 24 hours in flax fiber, signs of the beginning process of decay (smell of mustiness) were noticeable.

Tests of cotonized flax fiber were carried out in accordance with GOST R 53483-2009 “Harsh flax modified fiber. Test Methods. "

Using the proposed method will allow you to get cotonized flax fiber with high performance properties and to intensify the process of its manufacture.

Claims (4)

1. The method of producing cotonized flax fiber by pre-processing a short fiber, including disassembling bales, loosening, pre-cleaning, forming a fiber into a tape, emulsifying, forming a fiber into rolls and tracking rolls, followed by cotonization, including combing, loosening and final cleaning, characterized the fact that the emulsion is produced by a composition containing, by weight. %: Mineral oil 24.0-28.0 Primary sodium alkyl sulfates alcohols of the series C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ 6.0-8.0 Oxyethylated secondary alcohols of the series C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ with a degree hydroxyethylation 7-9 14.0-16.0 Water up to 100, at a composition consumption of 18-20% by weight of the fiber, the rolls are traced until they reach a temperature of 37-40 ° C, and cotonization is carried out by continuous multiple loosening and combing with simultaneous final cleaning of flax fiber. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the flax fiber cotonization is carried out on a modular type cotonization line.