RU2705981C1 - Device for discharge collector shutoff by way of worked out peat bog underflooding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: peat extraction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the extraction of peat, specifically to restoration of peat bogs and, in particular to the watering of developed peatlands. Device for shutting off waste collector by flooding of worked out peat includes an accessible water source, additional reservoir equipped with a guard arranged between side wall of guiding element, made in form of a dam, and side wall of additional capacity, at the same time the guard device fixed to the side walls is made of the retention elements submerged into water, the upper part of which is higher than the maximum water level in the additional container, and is made with possibility of vertical movement. According to the invention, the guard device attached to the side walls of the dam and made of the retention elements consists of shafts with helical blades, which form V-like screws relative to the water flow, wherein the shafts are connected to a tensioner connected to a stop located on the bank of the dam, wherein the screws are made in the form of cones with increase in the diameter of the rotating helical blades towards the center of the water flow between the dam banks. It is expected that the device will be in demand for work on restoration of worked-out peatlands.

EFFECT: invention provides for the accumulation and maintenance of water within the boundaries of the developed peatlands, providing control and flexibility of the system of irrigation of the developed peatlands for the renewal of wetlands, and improves the ecological situation.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the extraction of peat, specifically to the restoration of peat bogs, and in particular to the irrigation of developed peat bogs.

A device for supplying local water for irrigation of developed peat bogs, including a channel with water, the end sections of the channel have a retaining blocking water-overflow structure made in the form of a box with the possibility of vertical movement, a water outlet is made in the upper part of the discharge head end wall of the box, provided with an inner side the box with a spring-loaded valve on the inside of the box with a spillway visor placed above it, and at the bottom of the other drain end wall a robe installed in inclined guides has a water outlet (Patent RU No. 2662473, Е021С 41/32, Е02В 13/00, Е02В 3/00, А62С 3/02 dated 07/26/2018).

A disadvantage of the known device is the high metal consumption of the retaining blocking water overflow structure. In addition, the flow of water in the discharge manifold during spring flood often carries various objects at high speed, for example, segments of tree trunks, branches that can clog the fence in the form of an overflow structure, which also creates a lot of hydraulic pressure on the structure, and can destroy it.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device from the patent document is, selected as a prototype, a device for blocking the discharge collector by flooding and produced peat, including an accessible water source, the additional tank is equipped with a barrage device located between the side wall of an additional tank made in the form of a dam, while the barrage device fixed to the side walls is made of stopping elements in the form of an installed They are placed in a row with floats immersed in water with dividing walls installed to the entire depth of the additional tank, and the upper part of which is higher than the maximum water level in the additional tank, with the possibility of vertical movement between these floats, depending on changes in the water level in the additional tank, an embodiment, the obstruction may be made in the form of floats fixed to the ties in the form of a flexible cable and arranged in a zigzag plan (Patent RU No. 2673370, A62 From 3/02 of November 26, 2018).

This device contains a barrage device carrying out the backing of the surface layer of water in the additional tank, which is not sufficient to increase the creation of water backwater over the height of the additional tank. In addition, there is a great risk of the reliability of the barrier when fastening in the form of floats on the banks using flexible couplings, when the flow of water during floods often carries various floating objects at high speed, for example. Trunks of parts of trees, branches that are held back by flexible connections with floats, thereby create a large amount of effort, and blockages that can tilt (tear) the fence by pulling the pins from the banks in the form of a fastener, i.e. from the surface of the earth, since the dynamic pressure of water during spring floods can have a large value in order to pull out the pins with flexible connections. Thus, this limits the use of barriers in the known solution for flooding depleted peatlands during spring floods. At the same time, floats are lighter than water and stay on its surface. The discharge of water through the base of the drainage threshold on the catchment area of the developed peat bog by digging through digging should be strengthened by whips of woody plants from environmentally friendly material - willow and alder to eliminate erosion of the ground drainage threshold with the possibility of holding the specified level of the developed peat bog until it is filled.

The objective of the present invention is to create a simple two screws connected in a V-shape with a gearbox integrated in the center, and the upper ends are connected to the tensioner using cables wound on drums with shafts, and to create an effective and reliable technical solution for the discharge collector and by flooding the peat bog in those places where the creation of known barrage devices is not effective enough.

The technical result provided by the present invention consists in the reliability of using the energy of the driving stream in the discharge collector during flooding and the produced peat during spring floods. Also, the technical result is to increase the useful life and to increase the reliability of this structure, and the speed of its creation with the perception of high pressure water flow, and thereby create a backwater of the water stream, which increases in height and concentrates at the lower ends in the direction of its movement of the ends of the shafts augers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for blocking the discharge collector by flooding and produced peat bog includes an accessible water source, the additional tank is equipped with a barrier device located between the side wall of the guide element made in the form of a dam, while the barrier device fixed to the side walls is made of delaying elements immersed in water, the upper part of which is higher than the maximum water level in the additional tank, with According to the invention, the barrier device made of stopping elements fixed to the side walls of the dam is made of shafts with screw blades, forming screws with a V-shape relative to the water flow and the shafts are connected to a tensioner connected to a stop placed on the dam bank, while the screws are made in the form of cones with an increase in the diameter of the screw blades towards the center of the water flow between the banks of the dams.

In addition, cables are wound onto the stops wound on the drums of the winches, and the cables are connected to the shafts by transmitting rotation through the gearboxes, the shafts in the center of the water flow being interconnected by an additional rotation gearbox.

In addition, the base of the drainage threshold of the catchment area, made by breaking through digging, is additionally fixed with whips of woody plants from environmentally friendly material - willow or alder to eliminate erosion of the open dirt drainage threshold with the possibility of its connection to the discharge collector and to maintain the estimated filling on the catchment area of the developed peat bog .

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patents and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

To verify the invention of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the closest analogue with the features of the claimed invention, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art, since the level of technology, it is not revealed the effect provided by the essential features of the claimed invention to achieve a technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

The invention is illustrated, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a developed peat bog and a device installed at the turn of a discharge collector;

in FIG. 2 - barrage device in the form of placed corner screws with a small width of the additional capacity, top view;

in FIG. 3 - the option of placing several screws with a significant width of additional capacity.

The claimed device for overlapping the discharge collector by flooding and the produced peat is the developed drainage area of the produced peat 1 with a source of water accumulated as a result of rain and flood, as well as accumulation and melting of snow, a section which is located within the boundaries of the managed water source, and excess water flows through the spillway threshold 2 in the form of a digging aperture, in the dam of the developed area of the peat bog, the base of which is protected by strengthening it with brushwood (whips) of the bush greenhouse vegetation, for example, of growing willow or alder, and an open threshold 2 is flooded from the side of the waste collector 3. The waste collector 3 includes a formed tank 4 located in the coastal zone, which can be constructed both on a bend (Fig. 1), and on a straight section (not shown) of the discharge manifold 3, on which the guide element 5 is mounted, which is, for example, a continuous bulk dam that overlaps the discharge manifold and partially enters the formed container 4, dividing it into two parts with a narrowed directing channel 6, which in turn is a retaining structure and an additional tank 7 with a dam 8, and the dam projects above the water surface at a distance that takes into account the maximum increase in the water level in the discharge collector during the discharge of excess water from the area of the developed peat bog 1 or during floods.

The directional element 5 is set so that the direction of the flow when it enters the narrowed flow channel 6, located in the smaller part of the tank 4, is located in the same plane to it and carries out the upward pressure of water.

In the additional tank 7 with the dam 8 of the formed tank 4, a barrage device is installed and screws connected in plan V-shaped at an angle to each other, consisting of shafts 9 and 10. Screw rotary blades 11 and 12 are placed on the shafts, the lower ends of the blades in the direction of the center of the flow are connected to the gearbox 13, the end of the shaft 9 of which, through the cardan 14 of the thrust bearing 15 and the upper end of the flexible rod 16 and the tensioner made in the form of a holding drum winch 17, are connected to the stop 18, for example, on a ber gu dam 8 and the upper end of the other shaft 10 via the universal joint 19 is connected through a flexible connection with the focus 20 of the guide member 5.

Thus, fixing the tensioner in the form of a winch holding onto the drum 17 through a coiled flexible rod 16 allows you to change the altitude immersion position in water, a V-shaped obstruction device connected in plan between the banks of the guide dam 5 and the dam 8 in a floating state.

According to an embodiment, with a considerable width of the additional capacity 7, it is difficult to manufacture screws with a sufficiently large length, therefore, in wide streams of the additional capacity (or in the straight section of the discharge manifold 3), their zigzag arrangement (Fig. 3), which acts as a flexible shaft, and installed across the water flow (the number of such devices can be installed more than two in the form of garlands). It should be noted that the connection of the V-shaped arrangement of the screws instead of the gearboxes 13 can be used instead of its length of the steel cable installed in ball bearings (not shown).

The device overlapping the waste collector by flooding and the developed peat bog works as follows.

As a result of natural filling with water within the boundaries of the developed peat bog 1, the length of the regulated area of the waste collector 3 is determined, which is wedged into a retaining structure made in the form of a blocking structure with respect to the spillway area of the developed peat bog. The discharge stream of water through the overflow drainage threshold 2 strengthened at the base (for example, from scattered logs of trees, branches, brushwood, bags filled with local soil) is directed to the discharge manifold 3, then it is guided by a guide element 5, for example, by a continuous dam, through the narrowing channel formed by it 6 into the formed container 4. In the flow channel 6, due to the fact that its width is less than the width of the discharge collector, the living cross section of the stream decreases, as a result of which the water backwater increases towards the upper the tail of the discharge manifold 3 to the spillway of the threshold 2 strengthened at the base (water is formed to drain from peat bog 1), as a result of which the flow velocity from channel 6 at the inlet increases and when its direction changes at the outlet from channel 6 to the formed tank 4, it quenching from the water flow being filled both in the tank 4 and in the additional tank 7, where the barrier device is made between the side walls of the additional tank 7 and the side dam 8 when the flow in the tanks 4 and 7 occurs it provides water back-up due to its interaction with V-shaped screws installed in plan, at an angle to each other, consisting of shafts 9 and 10, creating water back-up, which increases in height and concentrates at the ends of shafts 9 lower in the direction of its movement and 10 augers. In this regard, the diameters of the screw rotating surfaces of the blades 11 and 12 increase towards the lower ends of the shafts. The diameters and magnitude of their taper will be determined by the speed of the backed water stream, as well as by the degree of its braking by single or multiple feed augers. It is difficult to manufacture the screws themselves with a sufficiently large length, therefore, in wide streams of the additional capacity 7, their zigzag arrangement can be used (Fig. 3).

A winch 17 is installed on the dam of the guide element 5 and the side dam 8, respectively. A flexible rod 16 (cable) is wound on the winch drum 17, and the vertical dip between the two banks 5 and 8 is changed by altitude immersion, winding or lowering the shafts 9 and 10 with gear 13. Their vertical and planned position will depend on the filling of water in the additional tank 7 (or waste collector 3), which means that winding on the cable and drum of winch 17 will also change, which can be done by an operational observer state, especially in spring floods.

Thus, the discharge collector is used as a regulated section of the retaining structure, connected in the upper pool to the developed peat bog and automatically adjusts its catchment area, as a storage tank, which will operate in a continuous mode of self-pressure discharge of excess water for the underlying sections of the developed peat bogs along the slope of the terrain.

Especially during floods (excess) costs, when the discharge rate increases sharply, and in order not to overfill the upper section within the boundaries of the developed peat bog (this is mainly observed in spring floods) above the estimated flood level (absence, for example, flooding of nearby villages and summer cottages) in the waste collector with guiding elements enters the work, forming a retaining channel with a tank on a turn with a drain through an additional tank with a barrage device as a whole.

An example of use can be created conditions on the basis of monitoring, for example, a project: on watering the developed peat deposit (TM) "Big Ursovo" of the Kameshkovsky district, Vladimir region. The survey of this object was carried out as part of the project “Restoration of peat bogs in Russia in order to prevent fires and mitigate climate change”, which is the International Climate Initiative (IKI) LLC NORSTEN International Science and Technology Center.

A fundamental decision on the watering of developed TM can be made only on the basis of a detailed justification of the proposed new technical solution, maintaining the necessary quality of the natural environment and socio-economic development of the territory.

It should be noted that the drainage of the drainage area 1 of the developed peat bog allows it to automatically maintain a given level with a minimum of filling, since in this case there is no water discharge, the overflow threshold 2 strengthened at the base is flooded and is calculated for this case when the water discharge stops.

In each case, this depends on local sources of water accumulation in a given region, an example of which was noted above, its terrain, and the location of sites within the boundaries of developed peatlands (its catchment area). In addition, the use of irrigated plots can, serves as the formation for bog plant growing (growing biomass of bog plants), as well as a specially protected natural area in order to create regulation of the wet regime of irrigated peatlands and the surrounding forest, and to ensure their fire safety.

Due to the possibility of regulating the situation by the processes of filling and discharging excess water with a regulated discharge collector of the water flow, depending on the location of the developed peat bog, its constant maintenance of a high level throughout the entire specified seasonal period with the accumulation of rain and flood waters, snow accumulation in the winter, flowing from the surface water from the adjacent catchment area of swamps and forests, i.e. the optimal position is provided by filling the developed peat bog within its predetermined boundaries, and non-flooding areas around, for example, the use by the population of the adjacent land built on these lands, residential buildings, summer cottages, etc. and, by the introduction of agriculture, as already noted above.

A new technical solution according to the proposed scheme of rotating augers makes it possible to artificially create a water flow back up in an additional tank and in a discharge collector equivalent to dam schemes in hydraulic engineering. In turn, this allows reducing the cost of the facility, increasing the controllability and flexibility of the system when changing technological conditions, ensuring the ecological and land reclamation environment of the developed area area of peat bogs and the use of bog areas for bog plant growing, reducing greenhouse gases, which meets the requirements for the restoration of peat bogs, susceptible to secondary waterlogging. In addition, there will be a supply of water for using the possibility of transfer pumps, and the possibility of supplying water to exclude the possibility of ignition of peat bogs.

Based on the foregoing, it should be expected that the proposed V-shaped barrier device and its location, the rotary screw auger for flooding and the developed peat bog, will find application in the restoration of peat bogs using a new retaining structure, peat bog.

Claims (3)

1. A device for shutting off the discharge collector by flooding the developed peat bog includes an accessible water source, an additional tank equipped with a barrage device located between the side wall of the guide element, made in the form of a dam, and a side wall of the additional tank, while the barrage device is fixed to the side walls made of retaining elements immersed in water, the upper part of which is higher than the maximum water level in the additional tank, and flaxable with the possibility of vertical movement, characterized in that the barrier device, fixed to the side walls of the dam and made of stopping elements, consists of shafts with helical blades forming screws with a V-shape relative to the water flow, while the shafts are connected to a tensioner connected with emphasis placed on the bank of the dam, while the screws are made in the form of cones with an increase in the diameter of the rotating helical blades towards the center of the water flow between the banks of the dams. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables are attached to the stops wound on the drums of the winches, and the cables are connected to the shafts by transmitting rotation through the gearboxes, and the shafts in the center of the water flow are interconnected by an additional rotation gearbox. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the base of the drainage threshold of the catchment area, made by breaking through digging, is additionally fixed with whips of woody plants from environmentally friendly material - willow or alder - to eliminate erosion of an open earthen drainage threshold with the possibility of its connection with a discharge collector and maintaining the estimated filling on the catchment area of the developed peat bog.

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