RU2594148C1 - Method of extinguishing fire on forest and peat arrays - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forestry and can be used for fire extinguishing in situ, with a complex relief, long length and considerable area. In range of influence of underground ground water in immediate vicinity of rivers, lakes and storage ponds, several pits are dug on depth of drainage drain pipelines, formed in line. In pits drainage pumps are installed with output of pressure lines in well-damper with automatic control of water level of tail bay. Further, well-damper is connected with discharge pipeline, at end of which there is a well-distributor near fire extinguishing facility. Well-distributor is pre-wrapped with geotextile, and then a mobile self-contained station is used and water is supplied under pressure into pressure radial feed pipelines, which are connected with annular pressure pipeline via assemblies and fed into pipeline system.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability at minimum costs using primarily standard equipment when extinguishing fire.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of forestry and can be used on terrain with complex terrain, a large length and a large area.

There is a method of preventing and extinguishing forest fires, including identifying the most fire-hazardous areas of the forest, determining the contour of this array and counting the necessary fire suppressing agent and agent that prevents fire and the spread of forest fires (patent RU No. 2235571, АСС 3/02 dated 04/10/2004) .

After performing such operational work, the contoured section is supplied with fire suppressing material in the form of a flat elongated elastic coaxial sleeve, in the annular gap of which material is placed, which has the property of accumulating a significant amount of fire suppressing material structure, which prevents the flow and arbitrary leakage of this fluid without performing fire suppression work, t. e. the release of flame-retardant liquid occurs only when a fire-hazardous situation occurs in which part of the wall of the coaxial sleeve burns out and the blocked volume of liquid at this point of the sleeve is thrown out under pressure to the ignition site, while the entire volume is kept intact throughout the entire length of the sleeve intact by fire liquids that will be saved for similar work during the fire and extinguishing of other fires in a controlled area of the forest.

There is also a known method of localization and extinguishing large-scale fires that increases the efficiency of fire fighting through the use of branched quick-assembled piping systems that supply significant volumes of water to the combustion zone (patent RU No. 2350370, А62С 3/02 of 03/27/2009).

In the known method, fire equipment is delivered to the source of fire, a branched quick-assembled pipeline system is installed, and then water is supplied to the source of fire, while in the process of extinguishing the fire, branching of the pipeline system is performed both in the frontal and radial directions, after extinguishing the fire on a strip with a depth of 40 ... 50 meters and a width of 300 ... 400 meters continue to supply water to the source of ignition and at the same time carry out additional extension of the branches of the pipeline system in the radial and rontalnom directions, while carrying out the dismantling of pipes on initially collected by the branches of the piping system are not used for fire fighting and transfer them to a new fire extinguishing portions terminate the water supply after a complete fire extinguishing.

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the use of sophisticated fire fighting equipment and insufficient water. In addition, they do not provide the fast delivery of water to the fires in the required quantity, nor do they provide for the preventive prevention of fires, in particular forests and peat.

A technical solution is known, including the allocation of the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs that are periodically flooded with groundwater, the placement of vertical wells over the area of the sections, the installation of pipes in the wells, the filling of pipes with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition, the fixing of the coordinates of the wells on the fire map, the breakdown of patrol routes, patrol observation, determination the boundaries of the fire by the location of the smoke above the wells, fixing its coordinates on the forest fire map (patent RU No. 23338566, А62С 3/00 of 20.1 1.2008).

The disadvantage of the invention is that it is used only to determine the location of the fires.

A known method of extinguishing fires in forest and peatlands, including the allocation of the most fire hazardous areas, the placement of vertical wells on the area, the installation of perforated pipes placed in watertight thermoplastic shells with a smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition, the fixation of the coordinates of the wells on the fire map, the breakdown of patrol routes for smoke observations, determining the boundary of a fire by the location of smoke above the wells, fixing its coordinates on a forest fire map, SLE spines are drilled to the depth of groundwater and additionally install casing pipes with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the perforated pipes and providing the possibility of passing deep pumps, which in case of fire through automatic devices are connected to autonomous power sources and supply water to the branched quick-assembly pipeline system (RU patent No. 2442623, А62С 3/02 dated 10/07/2010).

Possessing certain advantages over analogues, this method also has significant disadvantages, which are its basic technical scheme of exposure to the source of ignition, namely, the high cost of using additional pipes with deep pumps, high consumption of cable products and laboriousness, i.e. for each well located from the earth’s surface, the depth of the groundwater will be different; accordingly, exploration and design of independent wells with pumping equipment as a whole are required.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method of extinguishing forest and peatlands by ensuring the interception of infiltration flows by the catchments of the filtration waters of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, which can be at any depth, and the possibility of ensuring the distance from which to extinguish the fire. In addition, the invention allows to further ensure reliable operation of a branched quick-assembly pipeline system, using the natural reserves of water in the drainage devices.

The stated technical problem is solved by the fact that a method of extinguishing a fire in forest and peatlands, including the allocation of the most fire hazardous areas, placing vertical wells on the area of sections, installing perforated pipes in the wells, placed in waterproof thermoplastic shells with smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on a forest fire map, breakdown of patrol routes for observing smoke, determining the boundary of a fire by the location of smoke above the wells, fixing coordinates on the firefighting map, an extensive quick-assembly pipeline system, use infiltration catchments within the influence of underground horizons of groundwater occurrences in the immediate vicinity of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, dig several pits in the form of water storage reservoirs, on the principle of a closed under-water intake by the formation of drainage pipelines between the source of the underground horizons of places and pits, after which drainage pumps are installed in the pits with the discharge of pressure lines into the damper well with an automatic regulator of the downstream water level, then fill the distributor well pre-wound with geotextile through a closed discharge pipe and supply water using a mobile autonomous station, and the water is pumped into pressure beam pipelines that are connected to the pressure ring a pipeline with a branched quick-assembled piping system, thus lowering the water level in the damper well, hydraulically connected to the machine cal water level regulator of the downstream, and creating conditions for its filling of water from the flow line through automatic switching of drainage pumps placed in pits.

In addition, the geotextile material has the property of retaining water inside the distribution well.

, для исключения взаимного влияния котлованов друг на друга при проектировании необходимо располагать их на таком расстоянии, чтобы сумма радиусов депрессии была меньше расстояния между ними;The novelty of the proposed proposal is due to the fact that due to the installation parallel to the banks of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, as well as under their channels (channel spillways), pits are excavated directly from them, which have large amounts of water inflow due to filtering sprinkling of the water intake, and its discharge is determined the ability by the formula Q ′ = vpF≥Q, where Q ′ is a whole group of pits and the flow rate of each water intake structure, can be determined as:

, to exclude the mutual influence of the pits on each other during the design, it is necessary to arrange them at such a distance that the sum of the radii of the depression is less than the distance between them;

F is the cross-sectional area of the water intake (specified during design);

v is the water flow rate during pipe operation with a full cross section in the direction of water intake;

p is the porosity of the filtering dust, taken depending on the size of the material, from 0.15 to 0.45;

Q is the flow rate of the water intake structure;

t ′ _i — decrease in the level (cut-off) of the filtration flow in the soil thickness.

Horizontal infiltration catchments are structurally designed in the same way as horizontal catchments. Hydraulic calculation of infiltration catchments-pits is carried out according to various known formulas of hydraulics. So, for example, for a coastal water intake perpendicular to the flow of groundwater, the flow rate is determined by the formula S.F. Averyanova; for a perfect coastal water intake located between two water bodies normally to the water flows from them, the flow rate is determined by the Dupuis formula; the flow rate of the under-water intake with a water intake located at the bottom of the reservoir is determined by the formula V.I. Aravina and S.I. Numerova (here is not given a list of well-known literature and the known hydraulic formulas of water flow from hydraulics to reduce the description of the text).

In addition, the essence of the method lies in the fact that the prefabricated wells and the supply of water along, for example, the river bank, provide further water to the pits, combined with drainage pumps, which are connected by pressure water lines for supplying water to a common quencher well with an automatic regulator of the downstream water level, due to which the water deficit (total) in the common damper well from several dug pits will be preserved. In this case, even if there is no water in one of the pits, most of the water will be filled by a common quencher well, which to a greater extent ensures the effectiveness of the method of extinguishing fires when forest and peat massifs ignite.

It should be noted at the same time that there is the most common problem of measures for flooding wetlands - this is the lack of water necessary to restore the “disturbed swamp”. This disadvantage is also eliminated by the proposed method of supplying water from natural sources using drainage pipes located between the river bank and dug artificial pits, which significantly reduces material resources, ease of work in hard-to-reach places, with a large shortage of fresh water in many regions, regardless from seasonal restrictions for water storage. As a result of this, saturation of the soil of the irrigated peat bog with water will occur over a longer period of time and more efficiently than in the known analogues.

New features of the invention provide a more reliable and stable water supply and suppression of the source of ignition.

The effectiveness of the above method is also in the fact that the preparation of the catchment area and pits, for example, parallel to the banks of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, as well as under their beds, is carried out in the winter, when it is possible to move over their entire area and create both water intake and and an extensive network with various intake fittings in the direction of the distribution well with an extensive quick-assembly pipeline system.

Thus, in accordance with the proposed method, it is possible to use the available natural resources to create a fire extinguishing system in forest and peatlands, which is able to withstand a possible fire extinguishing. Moreover, this system is created from existing rivers, lakes, reservoirs in the form of capture of filtration spillways and fully meets the requirements of geoecology, which also increases efficiency, since expensive funds are not required for the construction of numerous pumping wells with lift pumps with cable products along the perimeter of forest and peat massifs.

Comparative analysis shows that the obviousness of the claimed technical solution does not follow from the prior art, which proves the conformity of the proposed method to the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fire extinguishing system.

The method of extinguishing a fire in forest and peatlands, including the allocation of the most fire hazardous areas, is as follows.

Preliminarily, the outline of the most common fire hazardous area 1 is isolated. Then, wells 2 are installed and their coordinates are fixed on the forest fire map. Then, perforated pipes placed in watertight thermoplastic shells (not shown) are installed in the wells.

If there is a river 3 in the distance, where infiltration water intake options are possible, namely: a - under-water lines; b - coastal lines (lakes or reservoirs), parallel to the shores of it lay closed perforated drainage pipes 4 with inspection wells 5. Next, dig a few marked outlines of the pits 6 in places to the depth of water inflow from the drainage pipes 4, filling the pits 6 with infiltration water, they are structurally arranged as watersheds. After that, drainage pumps 7 are installed in the pits 6 and the pressure water supply lines 8 are led into a common damper 9, which is equipped with an automatic regulator of the downstream water 10 to maintain a constant pressure (water level) in it, and the damper 9 is connected to the discharge pipe 11. The discharge pipe 11 is then connected to a distribution well 12 pre-wound with goekstile, in the immediate vicinity of the forest or peat massifs, from which water is pumped out using a mobile car ohm stations 13 and 14 into the feed beam pressure pipelines 15 and 16, which connect through nodes 17 and 18 with a pressure piping 19, ringed around the perimeter of the forest or peat massifs with a branched piping system 20, providing water supply to hard-to-reach and remote places. At the same time, infiltration waters from the depths (under-river catchments) are constantly diverted from the coastline of the river, lake, and reservoir, and structures can be combined.

Thus, the calculation of the tubular catchment is reduced to determining the diameter of the perforated drainage pipes, the degree of filling with water and checking the permissible flow rate of water in them (maximum and minimum). The magnitude of the influx of water is determined by the above formula, while the flow rate of the water when the pipe is in full cross section is determined by the formula

, или

, где С - коэффициент,

;

, or

where C is the coefficient

;

n is the roughness coefficient of the inner surface of the pipe.

The drainage capacity of the pipes is determined by the formula Q = F · V.

It should also be noted that the location of the line of the perforated pipe depends on its location away from the coastline of the river, lake, reservoir, as well as the head height and length for the infiltration water intake. To exclude the clogging of bottom soils of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, the water velocity in the pipes should be K≤0.01 ... 0.04 mm / s.

The slope of the gravity lines from the collective perforated drainage pipes 4 towards the pits 6 is taken approximately to 0.002. The laying depth of the drainage pipes 4 is determined by climatic and hydrological conditions, i.e. the depth of freezing of soils, the depth of occurrence and the capacity of the filtration stream to be operated by such an aquifer. The height of the filter part above the pipes is taken within (0.3 ... 0.4) M, where M is the thickness of the aquifer.

Example: the amount of water entering the perfect horizontal water intake from the pressureless layer can be determined by the Dupuis formula known in hydraulics: Q = Lk (H ₂ -h ₂ ) / 2R, where Q is the flow rate of the structure; L is the length of the catchment lines; k is the coefficient of filtration of the aquifer; R is the radius of action.

,The speed of water movement, for example, for stone-gravel catchment is determined by the formula S.V. Izbasha:

,

);where C _o is the generalizing coefficient (in the expression ν,

);

d is the equivalent diameter of the filter material (diameter reduced to the ball);

p is the porosity of the filtering dust, taken depending on the size of the material, from 0.15 to 0.45;

i is the slope of the water intake;

;m is an exponent equal to

;

ν is the kinematic coefficient of viscosity of water, depending on the temperature of the water.

.For other fillings of filtering soil, the speeds can be determined, for example, only for large filtering material using the simpler formula N.P. Bubble:

.

According to the known speed in the filtering sprinkler of the water intake, its drainage ability is determined by the formula: Q ′ = VpF≥Q,

where F is the cross-sectional area of the water intake (specified during design).

The remaining designations are described above in the application text.

The method allows to eliminate the threat of swamping of the area near rivers, lakes, reservoirs and allows to attribute the method to highly effective measures for the infiltration water intake in significant volumes for certain periods of time. Thus, it is possible to carry out preventive work to prevent the fire of peatlands during a drought, as well as quick quenching in case of fire of peat in areas remote from the central power supply, in places for filling the distribution well with water in the immediate vicinity of forest and peatlands.

For more effective control and extinguishing of the fire, patrol routes for observing smoke are broken down and the boundaries of the fire are determined by location. Then its coordinates are fixed on the forest fire map.

Thus, using infiltration catchments to capture mainly filtration water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs parallel to their banks, and also under the channels, conditions are created, generally solving the task, providing high productivity, reliability with minimal cost using mostly standard fire fighting equipment.

The present invention provides a high technical level due to the presence of significant distinguishing features in conjunction with well-known technical solutions and has industrial applicability and, therefore, according to the applicant, can be protected by RU patent.

Claims (2)

1. A method of extinguishing a fire in forest and peatlands, including the allocation of the most fire hazardous areas, placement of vertical wells on the area of sections, installation of perforated pipes in wells placed in waterproof thermoplastic shells with a smoke-forming pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on a forest fire map, and breaking down patrol routes for observing smoke, determining the boundary of the fire by the location of the smoke above the wells, fixing its coordinates on a forest fire map, branched quick-assembled piping system, characterized in that they use infiltration catchments within the influence of underground horizons of groundwater occurrences in the immediate vicinity of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, dig several pits in the form of water storage reservoirs, on the principle of a closed under-water intake by the formation of drainage pipelines between the source underground horizons of places and pits, after which drainage pumps are installed in the pits with the output of pressure lines to the quencher well with with an automatic regulator of the downstream water level, then fill the distributor well pre-wound with geotextile through a closed outlet pipe, and water is supplied using a mobile autonomous station, and water is pumped into pressure beam pipelines, which are connected to the annular pressure pipe with a branched quick-assemble piping system thus lowering the water level in the damper well, which is connected hydraulically to an automatic level controller in odes of the downstream, and creating conditions for its filling from the pressure line by automatically turning on the drainage pumps located in the pits. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the geotextile material has the ability to retain water inside the damper.

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