RU2705746C1 - Locking mechanism of firearms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the firearms locking mechanisms. Locking mechanism of firearm consists of locking box, shaft assembly with cartridge chamber and movable system consisting of locking frame with bolt with combat stops, driving pin. On both sides of the driving pin of the breech frame there are sections which interact with the driven surfaces of the bolt tail. Driven surfaces are made in form of helicoid with variable pitch.EFFECT: simplified design of the locking mechanism, increased reliability and wear resistance, reduced friction between elements.4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a device for a firearm with a locking mechanism (shutter).

State of the art

In the level of technology known technical solutions US 6820533, published 11/23/2004, RU 2331831, published 08/20/2008, RU 2386098, published 04/10/2010, DE 3210427, published 09/22/1983. In the design of these known solutions, using the shutter frame, the shutter makes a longitudinally sliding movement with the barrel stationary for firmly locking the barrel bore, retrieving the cartridges after firing, cocking the trigger, feeding the next cartridge to the chamber and transferring the hammer's impact through the hammer to the capsule. A disadvantage of the known solutions is that they all refer to the type of longitudinally-sliding shutters with a rotation of the handle. The said shutter is driven by the muscular strength of the shooter, and the force of the arrow necessary for the shutter to function is transmitted using the handle. In this case, the shooter informs the bolt not only translational motion, but also rotational, due to which the bolt rotates around its longitudinal axis by a certain angle, sufficient for the bolt to engage the bolts for the corresponding stops of the receiver. Shutters of this type carry out locking due to the entry of combat (locking) protrusions of the bolt stem into the corresponding slots of the receiver or barrel. Typically, these gates include a coil spring in their design.

Known analogues of the claimed technical solution AT 14590 U1, publication date 02/15/2016, AT327745 B, publication date 02/10/1976, which discloses a longitudinally-sliding bolt with automatic rotation of the combat larvae of the bolt, the combat protrusions (combat stops) of which go into the corresponding grooves of the barrel boxes. However, the disadvantages of the known solutions is their complex design and reduced reliability in difficult operating conditions.

The closest analogue - the prototype of the proposed solution can be selected patent US 3618457 A, publication date - 11/09/1971, IPC F41A 3/26, 5/18. This source discloses a firearm that contains a bolt box, a barrel assembly with a chamber, and a movable system. In the bolt box, a movable system is moved, consisting of a bolt frame with a bolt with combat stops placed in its channel. The movement and rotation of the shutter is carried out by the leading finger, which interacts with the surface of the shutter shank, the driven surface of which is a helicoid. As follows from the known solution, the driven surface is located on the shutter shank, and the leading surface of the frame (smooth axis) has a circular cross section and interacts with the driven helical surface of the shutter in an unfavorable way — along the line, which leads to an increase in the specific pressure in the contact zone of these parts and to their increased wear. Moreover, under unfavorable friction conditions, for example, friction of dry parts under continuous load, due to the high energy consumption of the shutter frame for unlocking and locking the shutter, such a mechanism will be prone to incomplete kickbacks and stopping of moving parts.

Thus, the present invention is the development of firearms having a locking mechanism (shutter), which can be used in difficult conditions, generated by a number of external factors and their combination: pollution, dusting, thickening of the lubricant and its complete absence. The appearance of any of these factors leads to a decrease in the speed and energy of the moving parts, and for a certain value of these factors, the moving parts stop and there is a refusal to fire.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and create a simple and reliable mechanism for locking firearms, which has reduced energy losses of the bolt frame to overcome friction in the shutter-drive finger assembly when the shutter is rotated and increase the reliability of operation in difficult conditions, increase the wear resistance of interacting elements .

Disclosure of invention

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed locking mechanism for firearms consists of a bolt box, a barrel assembly with a chamber and a movable system consisting of a bolt frame with a bolt placed in its channel with combat stops, a leading finger, while there are guiding elements in the bolt box, along which the indicated movable system is moving, consisting of a bolt frame with a bolt placed in its channel with combat stops, and on the shutter shaft the driven surfaces are made, leading on both sides of the bolt of the bolt frame there are sections interacting with the driven surfaces of the shutter shaft on the shoulder equal to or close to the radius of the shutter shaft, while the driven surfaces are made in the form of a helicoid with a variable pitch, the axis of which is coaxial with the shutter shaft, there is an additional beveled section on the locking driven surface with an angle between its working surface and the surface of the leading finger close to the angle of self-braking.

In this case, the leading finger is located across the longitudinal axis of the frame and above / below it.

In addition, the driven surfaces are separated by a longitudinal ridge.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the firearm contains a box, bolt box, receiver unit, trigger guard, muzzle device, mobile system and magazine, while the bolt box contains the claimed locking mechanism.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1 shows a locking mechanism (shutter) according to the present invention.

In FIG. 2 shows the driven surfaces A, B and C on the shutter shank.

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of the locking mechanism when the shutter is locked

In FIG. 4 shows a general view of the locking mechanism when the shutter is open.

In FIG. 5 shows a general view of the locking mechanism at the start of the run-up, when the guide pin abuts against a portion at the self-braking angle.

In FIG. 1-5 the following notation is used:

1 - shutter box;

2 - barrel with a chamber;

3 - shutter frame;

4 - shutter;

5 - leading finger.

A design of firearms with a locking mechanism is proposed. The weapon, in particular, consists of a bolt box 1, a barrel assembly with a chamber 2 and a movable system. In the bolt box, guide elements (grooves) are made, along which the movable system moves, which includes a bolt frame 3 with a bolt 4 placed in its channel with combat stops. Movement and rotation of the shutter is carried out by a leading finger 5 located across the longitudinal axis of the frame and above / below it, which interacts with the figured driven surfaces A and B on the shutter shank 4. The driven surfaces are made in the form of sections of a helicoid with a variable pitch, the axis of which is aligned with the shutter shank 4. A more gentle rise of the spiral at the initial stage provides ease of unlocking the rotary shutter 4, while a steeper step of lifting at the final stage provides a shorter stroke of the movable system, neo go to full rotation shutter 4. This ensures ease of unlocking the shutter 4 and, at the same time, relatively short stroke of the moving system required for unlocking. On the locking driven surface A, a beveled portion B is made with an angle between its working surface and the surface of the leading finger 5 close to the angle of self-braking. The driven surfaces A and B are separated by a longitudinal ridge in order to bring them as close as possible to the diameter of the shutter shank 4 and, accordingly, to the maximum radius of application of force at a given diameter of the shutter shank 4, without opening the hammer channel located coaxially in the shutter shank 4. For example, sections of the driven surfaces A and B, having the shape of a helicoid in the embodiment, may take the form of a spiral with a variable pitch.

The weapon acts as follows. When the movable system is pushed to the front position, the leading finger 5 abuts against the beveled portion B of the driven surface A of the shutter 4 at an angle close to the angle of self-braking, and thereby pushes the shutter 4 forward. The shutter 4, having reached the forward position, stops, the leading finger 5 slides off the beveled section B and, moving along the main section of the locking driven surface A, turns the shutter 4, thereby locking the barrel 2. When the movable system moves backward, the leading finger 5, moving along the main part of the unlocking driven surface B, it turns the shutter 4 in the opposite direction, thereby unlocking the bore of the barrel 2. Then, the leading finger 5 abuts against the stop surface of the shank of the shutter 4 and pulls it back.

As is known, a locking mechanism that develops a greater moment of force (i.e., the force exerted by the shutter frame to the shutter to rotate it), with the same amount of force applied to the lever, provides it with a higher level of reliability in difficult operating conditions, since in this In this case, the shutter can overcome the greater resistance to rotation developed by adverse external factors. Due to the fact that in the present invention on both sides of the leading finger of the shutter frame there are protrusions interacting with the driven surfaces of the shutter shank on the shoulder equal to or close to the radius of the shutter shank, the amount of shoulder force with which the shutter frame acts on the shutter and produces it the rotation when locking and unlocking by 10-15% exceeds the value of the shoulder force, which actuates the bolt in the design of the weapons of the prototype. This improves the reliability of the claimed locking mechanism in difficult operating conditions in comparison with the prototype.

In addition, to avoid wedging the shutter in the guides during rolling of the mobile system, a special beveled section B is arranged in the initial section of the driven surface A of the shutter 4 with an angle between its working surface and the main part of the driven surface close to the self-braking angle of steel parts, but it is not equal to does not exceed it. This leads to the fact that when rolling the movable system to the area where the shutter is structurally secured when locking, the leading cylindrical finger of the shutter frame and the initial portion of the driven surface of the shutter will interact with each other in such a way that the force component applied by the shutter frame to the shutter and tends to turn the shutter to the locked position and wedge it in the guides will be minimal, will not lead to the rotation of the shutter to the locked position and, thus, will not slow down the rolling of the mobile system. Such a constructive solution increases the reliability of the weapon and simplifies its design.

Also, the implementation of the driven surfaces A and B in the form of a portion of a helicoid with a variable pitch allows you to get a flatter spiral, which greatly simplifies the unlocking of the shutter during operation.

Thus, a simple and reliable mechanism for locking firearms has been created, which has reduced energy losses of the bolt frame to overcome friction in the shutter-drive finger assembly when the shutter rotates, and increased reliability of operation in difficult conditions, increased wear resistance of the interacting elements.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the claimed invention significantly exceeds all known analogues, including a prototype of the claimed solution in terms of reliability.

Claims (4)

1. The locking mechanism of firearms, consisting of a bolt box, a barrel assembly with a chamber and a movable system consisting of a bolt frame with a bolt placed in its channel with combat stops, a leading finger, characterized in that the bolt box has guide elements along which The indicated movable system is moved, consisting of a bolt frame with a bolt placed in its channel with combat stops, and driven surfaces are made on the bolt shank, on both sides of the bolt leading finger there are joints interacting with the driven surfaces of the shutter shank on the shoulder equal to or close to the radius of the shutter shank, while the driven surfaces are made in the form of a helicoid with a variable pitch, the axis of which is coaxial with the shutter shank, in addition, there is a tapered section on the locking driven surface with an angle between its working surface and the surface of the leading finger close to the angle of self-braking. 2. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading finger is located across the longitudinal axis of the frame and above / below it. 3. The locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the driven surfaces are separated by a longitudinal ridge. 4. Firearms containing a bed, bolt box, receiver, trigger guard, muzzle device, mobile system and magazine, characterized in that the bolt box contains a locking mechanism according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3.

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