RU2703429C1 - Cereal sorghum harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building. Harvester for harvesting grain sorgo contains a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic weighed portion, a hopper, a harvester, a plant conveyor, a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a normaliser, an intermediate conveyor, a synchronizing gear, a grinder of plants and a spreader of ground mass. Harvester is additionally equipped with grain feeding system from forward-flow remote threshing chamber to hopper and mechanism of hopper replacement filled with grain till preset mass with empty replaceable hoppers. Mechanism for replacing the hopper with empty replaceable hoppers consists of a base on which a hopper is fixed, and a platform connected to the base by a movable joint and fixed on a self-propelled chassis. Base is equipped with end sensor and is made of two guides, having length equal to two longitudinal dimensions of hopper.

EFFECT: due to replacement of bin filled with grain with empty hopper, downtimes of combine for grain unloading are reduced.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to machines for harvesting sorghum on the vine.

A known combine for harvesting grain sorghum (patent RU No. 2635403. Combine for harvesting grain sorghum. Pub. 13.11.2017. Bull. No. 32), taken by us as a prototype. The harvester for harvesting grain sorghum contains a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a reaper, a plant conveyor, a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a normalizer, an intermediate conveyor, a synchronizing gear, a plant grinder, a pulverizer of crushed mass and a clamping device.

The disadvantage of this combine is the significant time spent during the shift for unloading grain from the bunker of the combine.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is the reduction of downtime of the combine for unloading grain.

The technical result is the replacement of the hopper filled with grain, replaceable empty bins.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by a combine harvester for harvesting grain sorghum containing a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a plant conveyor, a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a normalizer, an intermediate conveyor, a synchronizing gear, a plant grinder, a pulverizer of crushed mass and a clamping device, at the same time, the combine is additionally equipped with a system for supplying grain from a direct-flow external threshing chamber to the hopper and a hopper replacement mechanism a, filled with grain to a predetermined mass, empty removable bins, the mechanism consists of a base on which the hopper is mounted, and a platform connected to the base by a movable connection and mounted on a self-propelled chassis, the base is equipped with an end sensor and is made of two guides having a length equal to two longitudinal dimensions of the hopper, made in bent in half, while the bending angle is α = 20 ° -35 °, interconnected by jumpers, mounted on four suspensions, each of which includes a vertical a toyka mounted on a jumper and installed with the ability to move in a sleeve of a bracket mounted on a self-propelled chassis, and an elastic element placed between the sleeve and the emphasis of the vertical strut, the movable connection is made in the form of a sleeve fixed on the platform and a finger fixed on the base, this is equipped with a grain filling sensor under the finger, the platform consists of two chain gears mounted on supports that are mounted on a self-propelled chassis, with each chain gear including a drive sprocket and driven sprockets, a chain with grippers placed on it, the drive sprocket of one of the chain drives is driven from the electric motor through the shaft, and the other chain drive is driven from the electric motor through the drive, consisting of two leading sprockets, a chain and intermediate sprockets fixed on the intermediate the shaft mounted on the bearings, while the length of the chain gears is equal to the length of at least twice the longitudinal length of the removable hopper, and the hopper and interchangeable hoppers are equipped with support rollers and a cover with a stop having the ability to move along the guides of the lid, which is connected with the hopper by a compression spring, while the lid stop is associated with the stop of the shutter of the grain supply system from a direct-flow remote threshing chamber, which is able to move along the shutter guides and equipped with a compression spring to return the shutter to its original position, and in the shutter made a hole, the grippers are fixed on chains with the possibility of engaging the interchangeable hopper and placing it with emphasis in a series-mounted interchangeable hopper, guides warping hopper provided with retainers, the upper and lower support shelves, the curved portion guides the upper support made without shelves, in front of the platform mounted guide providing direction removable hoppers on the platform, which is mounted with an inclination forwardly of the harvester.

The essential features affecting the achievement of the claimed technical solution are:

- combine equipment with a system for supplying grain from a direct-flow external threshing chamber to the hopper and a mechanism for replacing the hopper filled with grain to a predetermined mass with an empty removable hopper and their design;

- the implementation of the mechanism for replacing the hopper filled with grain to a predetermined mass with empty removable hoppers from the base and platform and their design;

- fixing the platform on a self-propelled chassis;

- connection of the base and platform with a movable connection;

- the manufacture of the base of two guides having a length equal to two longitudinal dimensions of the hopper;

- the implementation of the guides curved with a bending angle α = 20 ° -35 °;

- connection of guides to each other with jumpers;

- manufacture of guides with upper and lower supporting shelves;

- the implementation of the curved parts of the rails without upper support shelves;

- supply guide rails base hopper;

- equipping the base with an end sensor;

- installation of the base on four suspensions;

- the inclusion in the composition of the suspension of a vertical rack and an elastic element;

- fastening of a vertical rack on a jumper;

- mounting on a self-propelled chassis bracket with a sleeve mounted on it;

- installation of a vertical rack in the sleeve of the bracket with the ability to move;

- placement of the elastic element between the sleeve and the emphasis of the vertical rack;

- the implementation of the movable connection in the form of a sleeve mounted on the platform, and a finger mounted on the base;

- installation under the finger of the movable connection of the sensor filling the hopper with grain;

- the inclusion of two chain transmissions into the platform, consisting of leading and driven sprockets and a chain, with their installation on poles and secured to the chassis;

- fixation on the gripper chains with the possibility of engaging the interchangeable hopper and placing it with emphasis in a successively mounted interchangeable hopper;

- implementation of the drive sprocket of one chain transmission from the electric motor through the shaft;

- the implementation of the drive sprocket of another chain transmission from the electric motor through the drive, consisting of two leading sprockets, chains and intermediate sprockets fixed on an intermediate shaft mounted on bearings;

- manufacture of chain gears with a length that allows placing at least two interchangeable bins on them;

- equipment of each hopper with support rollers and a cover with an emphasis, cover guides and a compression spring associated with the hopper;

- equipment of a grain feed system from a direct-flow remote threshing chamber with a shutter;

- shutter equipment focus and compression spring;

- making in the shutter a hole for the passage of grain from the grain feed system into the hopper;

- pairing of the lid stop and the shutter stop with the possibility of their movement relative to each other;

- equipment platform guides;

- installation of the platform with an inclination forward along the combine with the location of the guides at a height equal to the height of the removable hopper.

The inventive design of the harvester for harvesting grain sorghum allows the replacement of the hopper filled with grain, replaceable empty bins.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed combine for harvesting grain sorghum, side view; in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the proposed combine for harvesting grain sorghum, top view; in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a platform; in FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the base; in FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the movable connection of the base with the platform; in FIG. 6 shows the movement patterns of the hopper lid and the shutter of the grain supply system from a direct-flow remote threshing chamber to the hopper.

The harvester for harvesting sorghum is a self-propelled chassis 1, a hydraulic hitch 2, a hopper 3, a header 4, a conveyor 5, a direct-flow external threshing chamber 6, a normalizer 7, an intermediate conveyor 8, a timing gear 9, a plant shredder 10, a spreader of ground mass 11 and clamping device 12. The harvester is additionally equipped with a system 13 for feeding grain from a direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 to the hopper 3 and a mechanism 14 for replacing the grain filled up to a predetermined mass of the hopper 3 with one of the empty interchangeable hoppers moat 15, placed on a platform 17 harvester. Replaceable bins 15, placed on the platform 17 of the combine, may be two or more. The system 13 for supplying grain from a direct-flow remote threshing chamber 6 to the hopper 3 can be mechanical or pneumatic. The mechanism 14 consists of a base 16, on which a hopper 3 and a platform 17 are fixed, connected to the base 16 by a movable connection 18.

The base 16 is equipped with an end sensor 19 and is made of two guides 20 having a length equal to two longitudinal dimensions of the hopper 3. The guides 20 are made curved in half with a bending angle α = 20 ° -35 °. The bending angle of the guides 20 α = 20 ° -35 ° allows the hopper filled with grain to move along the guides 20 when it is unloaded onto the field, without tipping over. The guides 20 are interconnected by jumpers 21. The base 16 is mounted on four suspensions 22, each of which includes a vertical strut 23, mounted on the jumper 21 and installed with the ability to move in the sleeve 24 of the bracket 25 mounted on a self-propelled chassis 1, and an elastic element 26, placed between the sleeve 24 and the emphasis 27 of the vertical strut 23. The elastic element 26 may be, for example, a compression spring.

To ensure a stable gap between the platform 17 and the base 16, the combine is equipped with two movable joints 18. The movable joint 18 is a finger-sleeve pair. The finger 29 is fixed on the base 16, and the sleeve 28 - on the platform 17. The finger 29 has the ability to move inside the sleeve 28. Under the finger 29 there is a sensor 30 filling the hopper with grain. The distance between the finger 29 and the sensor 30 is determined by the course of the base 16 along the movable connection 18 when the hopper is completely filled with grain.

The platform 17 is mounted on a self-propelled chassis 1 using brackets 33. The platform 17 consists of two chain gears 31 and 32 mounted on supports 33 that are mounted on the chassis 1. Each chain gear 31 and 32 includes a drive 34 and a driven 35 sprocket, chain 36 with the captures 37 located on it. The drive of the drive sprocket 34 of one chain drive 31 is carried out from the electric motor 38 through the shaft 39, and the drive of the other chain drive 32 is carried out from the electric motor 38 through the drive 40, which consists of two drive sprockets 41, chain 42 and intermediate links daughters 43 fixed on an intermediate shaft 44 mounted on bearings 45. The length of the chain gears 31 and 32 allows at least two interchangeable hoppers 15 to be placed on them. All interchangeable hoppers 15, as well as hopper 3, are equipped with support rollers 46 and cover 47 with a stop 48, with the ability to move along the guides 49. Each cover 47 is connected to the hopper by a compression spring 50. The stop 48 of the cover 47 is connected to the stop 51 of the shutter 52 of the grain feeding system 13 from a direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 to the hopper. The stop 51 of the shutter 52 is able to move along the guides 53 of the shutter 52 and is equipped with a compression spring 54 to return the shutter 52 to its original position. A hole 55 is made in the shutter 52. The grips 37 are fixed on the chains 36 with the possibility of engaging the interchangeable hopper 15 and placing it with an emphasis in the next mounted interchangeable hopper 15. The guides 20 of the base 16 are equipped with clamps 56 of the hopper, the upper 57 and lower 58 support shelves, while the curved parts of the guides 20 are made without upper support shelves 57. In front of the platform 17, guides 59 are installed, providing the direction of the removable hoppers 15 on the platform 17. The platform 17 is mounted with an inclination forward along the combine, which makes it possible awn capture guides for removable hoppers 59 and 15 feed them onto the platform 17 without the auxiliary working.

The harvester for harvesting grain sorghum works as follows. Before harvesting grain sorghum with a hydraulic hitch 2, a direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 is installed at a predetermined height, determined primarily by the height of sorghum plants. Set the distance between the finger 29 and the sensor 30, determined by the course of the base 16 along the movable connection 18 when the hopper is completely filled with grain.

When the combine is moving across the field, the plants of grain sorghum are captured by the normalizer 7 and fed to the direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 with synchronizing gear 9. The external threshing chamber 6 threshes the sorghum. The threshed grain from the direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 is fed by the system 13 to the hopper 3. With further movement of the combine, the threshed plants, leaving the direct-flow remote threshing chamber 6, are sent to the intermediate conveyor 8. The plants are captured by the slats of the intermediate conveyor 8 and fed to the cutting unit of the header 4, cut and then stacked by an intermediate conveyor 8 on the plant conveyor 5. Then, holding the clamping device 12, the plants are fed by the plant conveyor 5 to the chopper 10 plants in which they are ground. The crushed mass by the spreader 11 is thrown into the field, where it is subsequently embedded in the soil.

In the process of threshing plants, the hopper 3 is filled with grain until a certain mass is reached, at which the base 16 of the mechanism 14 is lowered via the movable joint 18. The base 16 by means of jumpers 21, vertical struts 23 and emphasis 27 acts on the elastic elements 26, which are placed between the bushings 24, and mounted on brackets 25 mounted on a self-propelled chassis 1. The elastic elements 26 of the suspensions 22 are compressed. A potential energy reserve is created, due to which later, after unloading the grain-filled hopper into the field, the base 16 is returned to its original position.

The finger 29 of the movable joint 18 moves with the base 16 down the sleeve 28 and acts on the sensor 30 filling the hopper with grain. The sensor 30 provides an electrical signal to turn on the electric motor 38. From the electric motor 38, the torque through the shaft 39 is transmitted to the drive sprocket 34 of one of the chain gears 31 and to the drive sprocket 34 of the other chain gear 32 through the drive 41 and intermediate sprockets 43 of the drive 40, the intermediate shaft 44 mounted on bearings 45 and chains 42. The rotation frequency of the drive sprockets 34 of the chain gears 31 and 32 is the same. The chains 36 of the drives 31 and 32 are tensioned by driven sprockets 35. The chains 36 move the interchangeable hoppers 15 mounted on them by means of the grippers 37 to the side of the base 16. Prior to touching the interchangeable hopper 15 with the hopper 3, the cover 47 is closed, the grain feed system 13 from a direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 into the hopper is closed by a shutter 52. In this case, the cover 47 moves along the guides 49, the spring 50 is compressed. When the interchangeable hopper 15 acts on the hopper 3, the stop 48 of the cover 47 of the interchangeable hopper 15 acts on the stop 51 of the shutter 52. The shutter 52 moves along the guides 53 to the position where the opening 55 of the shutter 52 is interfaced with the grain supply system 13 from the direct-flow external threshing chamber 6 to bunker. In this case, the spring 54 is compressed. The stop 48 of the cover 47 moves down the stop 51 of the shutter 52. The contacts of the end sensor 19 are closed, the motor 38 is stopped. The hopper 3 is filled with grain until a certain mass is reached, it is lowered down on the suspensions 22. After the stop of the stop 48 of the cover 47 stops with the stop 51 of the shutter 52, the spring 50 returns the cover 47 to the closed position, and the spring 54 moves the shutter 52 to the shut-off position of the grain feed from the direct-flow remote threshing chamber 6 into the hopper. At the same time, the finger 29 acts on the sensor 30 filling the hopper with grain, which provides an electrical signal to start the electric motor 38. The process of replacing the grain-filled hopper with the next empty removable hopper 15 is repeated. In this case, the interchangeable hopper 15 replaces the hopper 3 (or the previous interchangeable hopper 15), filled with grain, pushing it onto the curved part of the rails 20. Upon further movement on the support rollers 46 along the lower support shelves 58, the hopper 3 (interchangeable hopper 15) is unloaded , sliding down to contact with the soil, and, to prevent tipping of the unloading hopper 3 (or removable hopper 15), the curved parts of the guides 20 are made without upper support shelves 57.

The rigidity of the structures of the base 16 is provided by jumpers 21, and the platform 17 - supports 33, which are connected to a self-propelled chassis 1.

In case of filling a single hopper with grain, in the absence of interchangeable hoppers 15, the cover 47 of the interchangeable hopper 15 and the shutter 52 open when the hopper is installed under the grain loading. However, the lid 47 and the shutter 52 do not return to their original position, respectively, by the springs 50 and 54, since the hopper is fixed by the latches 56.

In order to reduce labor costs when harvesting sorghum with a sorghum harvester, it is possible to install platform 17 with an inclination forward along the combine. In this case, the guides 59 must ensure the direction of the removable hopper 15 along its support rollers 46 to the platform 17. The motor 38 is turned on. The grippers 37 hook the hopper and feed it under load.

Thus, the claimed structural design of the combine for harvesting grain sorghum allows the replacement of the hopper filled with grain, replaceable empty bins.

Claims (3)

1. Combine for harvesting grain sorghum, containing a self-propelled chassis, hydraulic hitch, hopper, reaper, plant conveyor, direct-flow external threshing chamber, normalizer, intermediate conveyor, synchronizing gear, plant shredder, pulverizer, and pulverizer, characterized in that the combine it is additionally equipped with a system for supplying grain from a direct-flow external threshing chamber to the hopper and a mechanism for replacing the hopper filled with grain to a given mass with empty interchangeable hoppers the mechanism consists of a base on which the hopper is fixed, and a platform connected to the base by a movable connection and mounted on a self-propelled chassis, the base is equipped with an end sensor and made of two guides having a length equal to two longitudinal dimensions of the hopper, made in bent in half , while the bending angle is α = 20-35 °, interconnected by jumpers, mounted on four suspensions, each of which includes a vertical strut mounted on the jumper and installed with the possibility move in the sleeve of the bracket mounted on a self-propelled chassis, and the elastic element located between the sleeve and the emphasis of the vertical rack, the movable connection is made in the form of a sleeve mounted on the platform and a finger mounted on the base, while under the finger there is a sensor for filling the hopper with grain, the platform consists of two chain gears mounted on supports that are mounted on a self-propelled chassis, with each chain gear comprising a drive and driven sprockets, a chain with grippers placed on it, etc. the water of the driving sprocket of one of the chain gears is carried out from the electric motor through the shaft, and the drive of the other chain gear is carried out from the electric motor through the drive consisting of two leading sprockets, a chain and intermediate sprockets fixed on the intermediate shaft mounted on the supports, while the length of the chain gears is a length of at least twice the longitudinal length of the removable hopper, and the hopper and removable hoppers are equipped with support rollers and a lid with a stop that can move along the lid guides to the latter is connected to the hopper by a compression spring, while the lid stop is associated with the stop of the grain feed gate of the direct-flow external threshing chamber, which is able to move along the slide guides and equipped with a compression spring to return the shutter to its original position, and the hole is made in the shutter, the grips are fixed on chains with the possibility of engaging the interchangeable hopper and placing it with emphasis in a sequentially mounted interchangeable hopper, the guiding bases are equipped with hopper latches, upper and lower bearings E shelves, the curved guide portion formed without upper supporting shelves. 2. The harvester for harvesting grain sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that there are guides in front of the platform, ensuring the direction of interchangeable bins to the platform. 3. The harvester for harvesting grain sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform is installed with an inclination forward along the harvester.

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