RU2700608C1 - Processing line for processing ash-slag wastes from dumps of ash removal systems of thermal power plants in order to obtain standard ash products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste processing and disposal.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for processing ash-slag wastes, based on acid fly ash (GOST 25818) from waste and operated dumps of hydraulic and dry ash removal systems of thermal power plants and heat and power plants. Process line comprises an automated system for controlling and monitoring process parameters, which provides for control of equipment: ash dump, installation for mechanical dehydration of raw material to moisture content of not more than 40 %, excavators for loading raw material, vehicles for delivery of raw materials in form of ash-slag wastes to the position of beginning of processing, installed in process sequence and receiving hopper with grate, connected by vehicles, crusher-drier, separator for separation of ash-slag mixture into two fractions, compressed air preparation device, grinding-drying unit, silos for standard ash product, magnetic separator, unit for production of thermosetting fibrous polymer composites with filler in form of disperse magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, rotary furnace, system of cyclone heat exchangers with heat carrier in form of furnace gases, equipped with bypass channel for discharge of bypass gas, unit for production of dry mixture for production of foamed concrete on mixed binding materials with additives in form of alkali dust and aluminum powder, device for preparation and supply of two-level disperse system, device for organization of quenching process of heat-treated ash-slag mixture by two-level disperse system, cyclone for trapping particles of sharply cooled ash-slag mixture, dosing hopper for accumulation and supply to the grinding-drying unit of sharply cooled ash-slag mixture, dosing bins for feeding auxiliary components in form of limestone, unslaked lime and slaked lime to the grinding-drying unit.

EFFECT: high quality of the standard ash product by increasing its activity and binding properties.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Technological line for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of ash systems of thermal power plants in order to obtain conditioned ash products

The invention relates to a device for processing ash and slag waste (ASW), based on acid fly ash (GOST 25818), from spent and operated dumps of hydraulic and dry ash systems of thermal power plants (TPPs, state district power stations) and heat and power plants (TPPs).

A known method of processing ash and slag waste from the dumps of the system of ash removal of thermal power plants operating on coal fuel, including mechanical transportation of waste from the dump, their liquefaction, separation of the liquefied ash and slag mixture into fractions with the required size for subsequent disposal of ash and slag particles, at least two streams, thickening of each stream with the separation of hollow microspheres and particles of unburned coal, as well as clarified water, and the supply of dehydrated mass of each fraction to appropriate disposal [Application of new technologies in the processing of ash and slag waste at TPP 22 of Mosenergo OJSC / Kozlov I.N. et al. // Electric stations. 2005. No. 11, p.22-26)].

The disadvantage of the production line is that the resulting product for processing ash and slag waste is a semi-finished product, essentially the same raw material for further processing, as the authors themselves point out.

This significantly narrows the possibilities for its further use, since it requires additional material and financial costs for potential consumers to finalize such a product.

There is a method of processing ash and slag waste from dumps of the system of ash removal of thermal power plants (TPP) in order to obtain conditioned ash products, including the harvesting of raw materials - ash and slag mixtures of natural humidity - from the spent and dried ash section of TPP, mechanical dehydration of raw materials to a moisture content of 25-30%, drying of raw materials in the drying unit to a final moisture content of less than 1%, reactivation of the dried ash and slag material and bringing it to conditional properties by grinding the material to the specified oh fineness grinding and, if necessary, the addition of chemical additives to impart special properties [RF Patent No. 2569132, B03B 9/04, F23J 1/02, publ. 11/20/2015 Bull. No 32. Authors: Nabokov AN, Scheblykina TP “A method for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of the hydro-ash removal system of thermal power plants in order to obtain conditioned ash products”].

The description of this method provides a flow chart, which, according to the authors, can be implemented on an industrial scale.

Raw materials are delivered to the plant by dump trucks from the ash dump of the TPP and stored at the raw materials warehouse in the piles.

From the warehouse, the raw materials are picked up by a bucket forklift and put into the receiving hopper with a grate.

From the hopper, by means of a belt feeder, the material is transported to a drying drum equipped with a gas burner, where the raw materials are dried to a moisture content of 0.5%. After passing the drum, the dried material is discharged into the screw conveyor. Then the material enters the bucket elevator and is transported to the distribution hopper. In the hopper, the material is dosed and fed into the grinding complex, consisting of a centrifugal mill, a classifier, cyclones and a bag filter, with a belt feeder.

According to the authors, this site is central from the point of view of implementing the method and its distinguishing feature, since the product is reactivated here - its active properties are restored, and the conditioning properties of the final ash product are determined by setting the parameters and grinding mode.

Reactivation is carried out mechanically by the method of shock activation and chemically by adding organic additives to the product during grinding.

The final characteristics of the conditioned ash product are set by setting the parameters of the classifier and are determined by grinding fineness [RF Patent No. 2569132, B03B 9/04, F23J 1/02, publ. 11/20/2015 Bull. No 32. Authors: Nabokov AN, Scheblykina TP “A method for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of the hydro-ash removal system of thermal power plants in order to obtain conditioned ash products”].

The disadvantage of the method and technological scheme, with which, according to the authors, the method can be implemented, is the inability to provide high quality conditioned ash product due to the inability to increase its high activity and astringent properties.

This technological scheme, with which a known method can be implemented, is selected by the author as a prototype.

The technical result of the proposed production line for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of ash systems of thermal power plants in order to obtain conditioned ash products (KZP) is to provide high quality conditioned ash product by increasing its activity and astringent properties.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the processing line for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of ash systems of thermal power plants with the aim of obtaining conditioned ash products containing an automated control system and control of process parameters providing control of the line equipment: ash dump, installation for mechanical dehydration of raw materials to moisture no more than 40%, excavators for loading raw materials, motor vehicles for the delivery of raw materials, in the form of ash and slag waste, n and the processing start position, the receiving hopper with a grate, a crusher-dryer for simultaneous drying of raw materials and its crushing with a device for receiving and supplying hot gas and an aspiration system with a dust-discharge outlet and a purified gas outlet, which contains high-performance bag filters, a separator for separating the ash and slag mixture into at least two fractions, a compressed air preparation device with pipelines, grinding o-drying unit equipped with a heat generator and an aspiration system with a dust-laden outlet and an outlet for purified gas, silos for storing, storing and shipping to consumers a conditioned ash product, while the output of the hopper with a grate is connected to the first inlet of the dryer-dryer, an additional magnetic separator is introduced , a hopper for storage and shipment of dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, a block for the manufacture of thermoset fibrous polymer composites with filler m in the form of dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, a rotary kiln that is equipped with a gas burner, a cold inlet for loading raw materials and a hot outlet for unloading it at the end of heat treatment, a cyclone heat exchanger system with a heat carrier in the form of furnace gases, equipped with a bypass path for bypass exhaust gas containing alkaline dust, a bypass gas cooling device, an aspiration system for cleaning bypass gas of alkaline dust, a hopper for storing and shipping alkaline dust, block the manufacture of a dry mixture for the production of aerated concrete on mixed binders with additives in the form of alkaline dust and aluminum powder, a device for preparing, feeding and spraying in an internal cavity of a rotary kiln an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride, a device for preparing and supplying an aqueous mixture of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI), a device preparation and supply of an aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum, a device for the preparation and supply of an aqueous solution of chemical additives in the form of products based on salts of organic ki lot, a complex of polycarboxylate polymers and an air-entraining composition of surfactants, a device for preparing and supplying a two-level disperse system, which consists of a dispersive air medium and a four-phase composition of a dispersed phase, including water droplets as the first dispersed phase, and solid microparticles of the natural nature as the second dispersed phase gypsum, the true solution of aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI) as the third dispersed phase and the chemical solution as the fourth dispersed phase their additives, a device for organizing the process of abrupt cooling of a heat-treated ash and slag mixture with a two-level dispersed system, a cyclone for collecting particles of a sharply cooled ash and slag mixture, a hopper for accumulating and feeding sharply cooled ash and slag mixture into the grinding and drying unit, metering hoppers for feeding into the grinding and drying an aggregate of auxiliary components in the form of limestone, quicklime and slaked lime, an air cooling device for ground conditioned ash product. In this case, the input of the hot gas receiving and supplying device of the crusher-dryer is connected to the upper outlet of the cyclone heat exchanger system and to the outlet of the cleaned gas of the aspiration system of the grinding-drying unit, the output of the crusher-dryer and the dust-discharge outlet of its aspiration system are communicated with the input of the magnetic separator, the first output of which connected to a bunker for storage and shipment of dispersed magnetic inclusions, which is in communication with the block for the manufacture of thermosetting fibrous polymer composites with a filler in the form of a dispersion magnetic impurities, and the second output of the magnetic separator is connected to the upper input of the cyclone heat exchanger system, the lower output of which is connected to the cold inlet of the rotary kiln, and the lower input of the cyclone heat exchanger system is connected to the furnace gas outlet of the rotary kiln, while the bypass path is located between the output of the furnace gases of the rotary kiln and the lower input of the first stage of the cyclone heat exchanger system is in communication with the input of the bypass gas cooling device, the output of which is connected to the input aspiration systems for cleaning alkaline dust from bypass gas, and the dust-discharge outlet of this aspiration system is connected to the input of the hopper for storing and shipping alkaline dust, the output of which is connected to the dry mix production unit for the production of aerated concrete on mixed binders with additives in the form of alkaline dust and powder aluminum. A device for preparing, supplying and spraying in the inner cavity of the rotary kiln an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride is communicated with the inner cavity of the rotary kiln in the zone of the gas burner of the kiln. The four inputs of the preparation and supply device of the two-level dispersed system are connected with one of the outputs of the compressed air preparation device, the output of the preparation and supply device for the aqueous mixture of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI), the output of the preparation and supply device for the aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum and the output of the preparation and supply device an aqueous solution of chemical additives, and the output of the device for preparing and supplying a two-level disperse system is connected to the input of the device for organizing the process of sharp cooling deposition of the heat-treated ash and slag mixture by a two-level dispersed system, the output of the device for organizing the process of rapid cooling of the heat-treated ash and slag mixture is communicated with the input of a cyclone for trapping particles of a sharply cooled ash and slag mixture, the discharge outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a hopper for accumulating and feeding sharply cooled ash and ash into the grinding and drying unit mixtures, and the output of this hopper is connected to the first inputs of the grinding and drying unit, the second input of which is connected to the outlet the dosing hoppers for feeding auxiliary components in the form of limestone, quicklime and slaked lime to the grinding and drying unit, and the first exit of the grinding and drying unit is in communication with the first input of the separator for separating the ash and slag mixture into at least two fractions, the second output the grinding and drying unit is connected to an aspiration system, the dust-discharge outlet of which is connected to the second input of the separator for separating the ash and slag mixture. Moreover, the separator for separating the ash and slag mixture works with the grinding and drying unit in a closed cycle, therefore the first output of the separator is connected to the third input of the grinding and drying unit, and the second output of the separator is connected to the input of the air cooling device of the ground conditioned ash product, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the silos for warehousing, storage and shipment to consumers of conditioned ash product.

The increased activity and binding properties of the processed ash and slag materials are ensured by the additionally introduced magnetic separator, a hopper for storing and shipping dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, a thermosetting fiber polymer composites manufacturing unit with a filler in the form of dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, a rotary kiln, which equipped with a gas burner, a cold inlet for loading raw materials and a hot outlet for unloading upon completion of heat treatment, the c heat exchangers with heat exchangers in the form of furnace gases, equipped with a bypass path for removing bypass gas, which contains alkaline dust, bypass gas cooling devices, an aspiration system for cleaning bypass gas from alkaline dust, a hopper for storing and shipping alkaline dust, a dry mix production unit for production of aerated concrete on mixed binders [GOST 25485 Concrete cellular. Specifications] with additives in the form of alkaline dust and aluminum powder [GOST 5494-95 Aluminum powder. Specifications], a device for preparing, supplying and spraying in an internal cavity of a rotary kiln an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride, a device for preparing and supplying an aqueous mixture of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI), a device for preparing and supplying an aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum, a device for preparing and supplying an aqueous solution of chemical additives in the form of products based on salts of organic acids, a complex of polycarboxylate polymers and an air-entraining composition of surfactants, The preparation and supply of a two-level dispersed system, which consists of a dispersed air medium and a four-phase composition of a dispersed phase, including water droplets as the first dispersed phase, solid microparticles of natural gypsum as the second dispersed phase, and a true tetraoxosulfate (VI) solution as the third dispersed phase aluminum and, as the fourth dispersed phase, a solution of chemical additives, a device for organizing the process of rapid cooling of a heat-treated ash and slag mixture of two levels a dispersed system, a cyclone for collecting particles of a sharply chilled ash and slag mixture, a hopper for accumulating and feeding into the grinding and drying unit a sharply chilled ash and slag mixture, hoppers for dispensing auxiliary components in the form of limestone, quicklime and slaked lime lime, air cooling devices for ground conditioned ash product.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the inventive technological line for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of ash systems of thermal power plants in order to obtain conditioned ash products and its main elements.

The figure shows a diagram of a processing line for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of ash systems of thermal power plants in order to obtain conditioned ash products.

The production line consists of, installed in the technological sequence and connected by vehicles, an ash dump 1 (Fig.), Excavators 2 for loading raw materials, motor vehicles 3 for the delivery of raw materials (ASW), a plant for mechanical dehydration of 4 raw materials to a moisture content of not more than 40%, receiving hopper 5 with a grate, crusher-dryer 6 for simultaneous drying of raw materials and its crushing, equipped with a device 7 for receiving and supplying hot gas and an aspiration system 8 with a dust-discharge outlet and an outlet for purified gas, which contains high-performance bag filters, a magnetic separator 9, a hopper 10 for storing magnetic inclusions with their subsequent disposal, a block 11 for the manufacture of thermoset fibrous polymer composites with a filler in the form of dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, a system of cyclone heat exchangers 12 with a heat carrier in the form of furnace gases, equipped with a bypass path 13 for the removal of bypass gas, which contains alkaline dust, a rotary kiln 14, which is equipped with a gas burner, a cold input 15 for loading raw materials and a hot outlet 16 for unloading it at the end of heat treatment, a bypass gas cooling device 17, an aspiration system 18 for cleaning alkaline dust bypass gas, a hopper 19 for storing and shipping alkaline dust, a dry mix production unit 20 for the production of aerated concrete on mixed binders with additives in the form of alkaline dust and aluminum powder, device 21 for preparing, supplying and spraying in an internal cavity of a rotary kiln an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride, device 22 for preparing and supplying water mixtures of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI), device 23 for preparing and supplying an aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum, device 24 for preparing and supplying an aqueous solution of chemical additives in the form of products based on salts of organic acids, a complex of polycarboxylate polymers and an air-entraining composition of surface-active substances, device 25 the preparation and supply of a two-level disperse system, a device 26 for the preparation of compressed air with pipelines, a device 27 for organizing the process of quenching those rhome-treated ash and slag mixture with a two-level dispersed system, cyclone 28 for collecting particles of a sharply chilled ash and slag mixture, a hopper-doser 29 for a sharply cooled ash and slag mixture, a grinding and drying unit 30 equipped with a heat generator and an aspiration system 31 with a dust discharge outlet 32 and a purified gas outlet 33, a hopper batchers 34, 35 and 36 for auxiliary components in the form of limestone, quicklime and slaked lime, a separator 37 for separating the ash and slag mixture into fractions, the device 38 is air-cooled I conditioned ground ash product silos 39 for warehousing, storage and shipment to consumers conditioned ash product, the automated system 40 (Fig.) the management and control process parameters.

The technological line works as follows.

At the ash dump 1, the raw material, in the form of a sewage treatment plant, is mechanically dehydrated to a moisture content of not more than 40% with the help of unit 4. Then, the excavator 2 is loaded into the truck 3 (Fig.) And transported to the unloading position in the receiving hopper 5 with a grate, after which a signal is sent from the control panel of the automated process control system 40 of the technological line and fed to the receiving hopper 5 dryer-crusher 6, where at the same time as drying the raw material, it is crushed to a particle size of 0-3.2 mm, and the moisture content of the raw material after drying is provided no more than 8% by weight. Hot gas, which is used to dry ash and slag-drying in the grinder-dryer 6, is supplied using the device 7 for receiving and supplying hot gas to the grinder-dryer 6, while the input of the device 7 is connected to the upper outlet of the cyclone heat exchanger system 12 and to the outlet 33 of the purified gas of the aspiration system 31 of the grinding and drying unit 30. Thus, in the crusher-dryer 6, the exhaust furnace gases and gases of the grinding and drying unit 30 are effectively disposed of. The crushed and dried raw materials from the crusher-dryer 6 are discharged and fed to a magnetic separator 9 for purification from magnetic inclusions in the form of dispersed iron oxides. The exhaust gas with dust from the crusher-dryer 6 enters the aspiration system 8, which has a dust-discharge outlet and the outlet of the purified gas. In the aspiration system 8, this gas is cleaned, after which the pulverized feed is fed from the dust-free outlet of the system 8 to a magnetic separator 9 for purification from dispersed iron oxides. The iron-containing impurities removed by the magnetic separator 9 are fed in a separate stream to the hopper 10, from where they are then sent to the block 11 for the manufacture of thermosetting fibrous polymer composites with a filler in the form of dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides. In addition, these dispersed magnetic inclusions can be shipped to consumers as a separate product. And ash and slag waste, cleaned of magnetic inclusions, from the magnetic separator 9 is fed into the system of cyclone heat exchangers 12 (Fig.), Through its upper entrance, for pre-heating the ash with furnace gases. The lower inlet of the cyclone heat exchanger system 12 is connected to the outlet of the furnace gases of the rotary kiln 14 from its cold end. After passing through the system of cyclone heat exchangers 12, the heated ash liquids, through its lower outlet, enter the rotary kiln 14, through its cold inlet 15. In the furnace 14, the ash liquids are heat treated at a temperature of, for example, 1200 ° C. The heat exchanger system 12 is equipped with a bypass path 13 for removing the bypass gas, which contains alkaline compounds sublimated in the furnace 14. The bypass path 13 is located in the area between the furnace gas outlet of the rotary kiln 14 and the lower inlet of the first stage of the cyclone heat exchanger system 12 (FIG.). The bypass gas discharged with alkaline dust from the bypass duct 13 is directed to the bypass gas cooling device 17, where the bypass gas temperature is halved by spraying water, whereby the alkaline compounds crystallize quickly. Then, the cooled gas with alkaline dust enters the aspiration system 18 for cleaning. From the dust-discharge outlet of the aspiration system 18, alkaline dust is fed into the hopper 19 for storage. The accumulated alkaline dust is supplied to block 20 as an auxiliary component for pore formation in the manufacture of dry mix for the production of aerated concrete on mixed binders with aluminum powder. Also, this alkaline dust can be shipped to consumers as a separate product.

In the process of heat treatment of ASW in the furnace 14 (Fig.), From the side of its gas burner in the internal cavity, an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride is sprayed using device 21. The aqueous solution of calcium fluoride intensifies the sublimation of alkaline compounds during the heat treatment of ASW.

At the time when the heat treatment of the ASW in the rotary kiln 14 takes place, an aqueous mixture of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI) in the device 22, an aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum in the device 23 and an aqueous solution of chemical additives in the device 24 are also prepared, as well the preparation of compressed air in the device 26. The devices 22, 23 and 24 can be performed, for example, in the form of mixers and transfer pumps for supplying chemical solutions. Moreover, the outputs of these devices are connected to the four inputs of the device 25 for preparing and supplying a two-level disperse system, based on, for example, a high-performance high-pressure plunger pump and a special nozzle, which supply and spray a two-level disperse system with transonic speed.

After completion of the heat treatment of the ash treatment in furnace 14, from its hot outlet 16, a batch of hot ash is discharged into the device 27, in which at the same time a two-level dispersed system with transonic speed is supplied from the device 25. Thus, the process of abrupt cooling of the heat-treated ash and slag mixture of the two-level dispersed system.

The flow of a two-level disperse system, which is supplied at a transonic speed, creates aerohydrodynamic spraying of the ash and slag mixture in device 27 and its removal into cyclone 28 to capture particles of a sharply cooled ash and slag mixture. From the discharge outlet of the cyclone 28, the sharply chilled ash and slag mixture is discharged into the hopper 29 for collection and subsequent supply to the grinding and drying unit 30. Simultaneously with the loading of the sharply chilled ash and slag mixture into the unit 30 (Fig.), It is loaded into it for joint grinding auxiliary components, namely: limestone, quicklime and slaked lime. The supply of these components to the grinding is carried out from hoppers for dispensing 34, 35 and 36, respectively.

After a cycle of co-grinding the ash and slag mixture and auxiliary components in the grinding and drying unit 30, the resulting mixture is fed to a separator 37 for separation into fractions: the specified fine fraction is a conditioned ash product (KZP) with certain guaranteed stable characteristics and grains. At the same time, the grains from the separator 37 are returned to the grinding unit 30. Thus, the joint operation of the grinding and drying unit 30 and the separator 37 is implemented in a closed cycle.

The second outlet of the grinding and drying unit 30 is connected to an aspiration system 31 for cleaning the exhaust gas discharged from the unit 30. In this case, the dust-discharge outlet 32 of the aspiration system 31 is connected to the input of the separator 37 to isolate a given fraction of the product, and the outlet 33 (Fig.) Of the purified gas communicated with the device 7 receiving and supplying hot gas to the crusher dryer 6.

Having selected the desired fraction of the mixture in the separator 37 in the form of short-circuit breakers, this fraction enters the air cooling device 38 of the ground conditioned ash product, and then into the silos 39 for warehousing, storage and shipping to consumers of the conditioned ash product.

The thus obtained processed ASWs acquire the necessary activity and astringent properties. This ensures guaranteed quality with stable predetermined characteristics of the finished product - conditioned ash product (KZP).

To assess the quality of the conditioned ash product, control and basic samples of standard cement-sand mortars containing KZP 5, 10 and 15% were prepared and tested, which were obtained according to the scheme described in the prototype and using mock devices of the proposed production line. The table shows the numerical values of the strength indicators of samples of standard cement-sand mortars prepared without the use of a conditioned ash product and with the addition of a conditioned ash product (KZP).

Table - Numerical values of strength indicators of samples of standard cement-sand mortars prepared without the use of KZP and with the addition of KZP

Main sample number KZP content,% Bending strength after TVO, MPa The compressive strength after TVO, MPa Flexural strength at hardening in NU 28 days, MPa The compressive strength in hardening in NU 28 days, MPa According to the prototype 2-1 5 5.09 41.47 6.43 52.37 2-2 10 4.82 39.30 6.09 49.63 2-3 fifteen 4.04 32.93 5.10 41.58 According to the proposed solution 0-0 0 5.27 42.95 6.49 52.86 1-1 5 5.14 41.90 6.29 51.57 1-2 10 5.19 42.30 6.37 52.06 1-3 fifteen 5.46 44.53 6.71 54.81 3-1 5 5.25 42.85 6.46 52.74 3-2 10 5.44 44.38 6.69 54.62 3-3 fifteen 5.48 44.68 6.96 56.73 4-1 5 5.17 42.13 6.56 53.49 4-2 10 5.45 44.41 6.91 56.38 4-3 fifteen 5.75 46.89 7.35 59.91

The table shows that samples 3-3 and 4-3, obtained by the proposed solution, have higher strength indicators compared with the control sample and the prototype, surpassing them in these indicators by 1.07-1.14 times.

By processing, using the proposed production line, ash and slag waste based on acid ash from waste and operated dumps of hydraulic and dry ash systems of thermal power plants and heat and power plants, it is possible to obtain conditioned ash products (KZP) of guaranteed quality and with stable specified characteristics. KZP can be used as an active mineral additive for cements and concrete.

According to the reference book [Information and technical reference book on the best available technologies "Cement Production" ITS 6 ─2015, Moscow, BAT Bureau, 2015. - 305 pp.] The ball mill used to grind clinker at a cement plant has an incredibly low efficiency, which is at the level of 3-5%. The main energy is spent on heating the cement, which negatively affects the grinding process, the quality of cement and the environment. In this connection, the use of effective ways to reduce energy consumption for grinding cement is the most important task. This guide provides a number of ways to reduce energy consumption, including one of the most effective, which allows you to reduce energy consumption for grinding cement in a ball mill to 30%, is a method: the use of active mineral additives.

The chemical components used in the preparation of the KZP, give the resulting product special properties: plasticizing, regulating the kinetics of hardening, increasing the air (gas) content and increasing frost resistance, increasing corrosion resistance, increasing the protective properties with respect to steel reinforcement, etc. Similar properties of KZP provide the complex nature of its use as a modifier of cement systems (MCC) to save cement and improve a number of construction and technical properties of cement tnyh concretes, mortars, and mixtures thereof.

Claims (1)

A processing line for processing ash and slag waste from dumps of ash systems of thermal power plants with the aim of obtaining conditioned ash products, containing an automated control system and control of process parameters providing control of the line equipment: ash dump, installation for mechanical dehydration of raw materials to a moisture content of not more than 40%, excavators for loading of raw materials, vehicles for the delivery of raw materials in the form of ash and slag waste to the processing start position, established in process sequence and vehicle-connected receiving hopper with a grate, crusher-dryer for simultaneous drying of raw materials and their crushing with a device for receiving and supplying hot gas and an aspiration system with dust-discharge outlet and purified gas outlet, which contains high-performance bag filters, a separator for ash and slag separation mixtures of at least two fractions, a compressed air preparation device with pipelines, a grinding and drying unit equipped with a heat generator rum and an aspiration system with a dust discharge outlet and a purified gas outlet, silos for storing, storing and shipping to consumers a conditioned ash product, while the output of the hopper with a grate is connected to the first inlet of the dryer-dryer, characterized in that it additionally contains a magnetic separator, hopper for storage and shipment of dispersed magnetic inclusions containing iron oxides, a unit for the manufacture of thermoset fibrous polymer composites with a filler in the form of dispersed mag total inclusions containing iron oxides, a rotary kiln equipped with a gas burner, a cold inlet for loading raw materials and a hot outlet for unloading it upon completion of heat treatment, a cyclone heat exchanger system with a heat carrier in the form of furnace gases, equipped with a bypass path for the removal of bypass gas, which contains alkaline dust, bypass gas cooling device, suction system for cleaning bypass gas from alkaline dust, alkaline dust storage and shipment hopper, dry mix production unit si for the production of aerated concrete on mixed binders with additives in the form of alkaline dust and aluminum powder, a device for preparing, feeding and spraying in an internal cavity of a rotary kiln an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride, a device for preparing and supplying an aqueous mixture of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI), a preparation device and feeding an aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum, a device for preparing and supplying an aqueous solution of chemical additives in the form of products based on salts of organic acids, a complex of polycar oxylate polymers and an air-entraining composition of surfactants, a preparation and supply device for a two-level dispersed system, which consists of a dispersed air medium and a four-phase composition of a dispersed phase, including as a first dispersed phase a droplet of water, solid microparticles of natural gypsum as a second dispersed phase, as the third dispersed phase, a true solution of aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI) and as the fourth dispersed phase, a solution of chemical additives, a device organization of the process of abrupt cooling of a heat-treated ash and slag mixture with a two-level dispersed system, a cyclone for collecting particles of a sharply cooled ash and slag mixture, a hopper for accumulating and feeding sharply cooled ash and slag mixture into the grinding and drying unit, metering hoppers for feeding auxiliary components to the grinding and drying unit in the form of limestone, quicklime and slaked lime, an air cooling device for ground conditioned ash product, while the input of the receiving device and supplying hot gas to the crusher-dryer is connected to the upper outlet of the cyclone heat exchanger system and to the outlet of the purified gas from the aspiration system of the grinding-drying unit, the outlet of the crusher-dryer and the dust-discharge outlet of its aspiration system are communicated with the input of the magnetic separator, the first outlet of which is connected to the storage bin and shipment of dispersed magnetic inclusions, which is in communication with the manufacturing unit of thermosetting fibrous polymer composites with a filler in the form of dispersed magnetic inclusions, and watts The swarm output of the magnetic separator is connected to the upper input of the cyclone heat exchanger system, the lower output of which is connected to the cold inlet of the rotary kiln, and the lower input of the cyclone heat exchanger system is connected to the exhaust gas of the rotary kiln, while the bypass path located in the area between the exhaust gas of the rotary kiln and the lower input of the first stage of the cyclone heat exchanger system, in communication with the input of the bypass gas cooling device, the output of which is connected to the input of the aspiration system for cleaning gas from alkaline dust, and the dust-discharge outlet of this aspiration system is connected to the input of the hopper for storing and shipping alkaline dust, the output of which is connected to the dry mix production unit for the production of aerated concrete on mixed binders with additives in the form of alkaline dust and aluminum powder, a preparation device , feeding and spraying in the inner cavity of the rotary kiln an aqueous solution of calcium fluoride is communicated with the inner cavity of the rotary kiln in the zone of the gas burner of the kiln, four entrances The preparation and supply of a two-level dispersed system are in communication with one of the outputs of the compressed air preparation device, the output of the preparation and supply of an aqueous mixture of dissolved aluminum tetraoxosulfate (VI), the output of the preparation and supply of an aqueous suspension of ground natural gypsum and the output of a chemical water preparation and supply device additives, and the output of the device for preparing and supplying a two-level disperse system is connected to the input of the device for organizing the process of rapid cooling of thermo the worked ash and slag mixture with a two-level disperse system, the output of the device for organizing the process of sharp cooling of the heat-treated ash and slag mixture is communicated with the inlet of the cyclone for trapping particles of the sharply cooled ash and slag mixture, the discharge outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the metering hopper for accumulating and feeding the sharply cooled ash and slag mixture into the grinding and drying unit , and the output of this hopper is connected to the first inputs of the grinding and drying unit, the second input of which is connected to the outputs of the hoppers ators for supplying auxiliary components in the form of limestone, quicklime and slaked lime to the grinding and drying unit, and the first output of the grinding and drying unit is in communication with the first input of the separator for separating the ash and slag mixture into at least two fractions, the second output of the grinding and drying the unit is connected to an aspiration system, the dust-discharge outlet of which is connected to the second input of the separator for separating the ash and slag mixture, and the separator for separating the ash and slag mixture works with the grinding and drying unit is a closed cycle, so the first outlet of the separator is connected to a third input of the grinding-drying unit, and the second outlet of the separator communicates with inlet air cooling apparatus ground conditioned ash product, whose output is connected to inputs of Silo for the storing and shipment to consumers conditioned ash product.

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