RU2699711C1 - Method for producing hypoallergenic honey - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry, in particular, to honey processing methods. Method for producing hypoallergenic honey involves heating and dissolving centrifugal honey at temperature of 35–80 °C, filtration, mixing with subsequent packaging. Method further includes ultrafiltration in two steps. At the first stage, honey is passed through a filter with mesh size from 50 to 2,000 mcm. At the second stage – through the filter with mesh size from 2 to 49 mcm. At the second stage of ultrafiltration, honey is passed through filter for 30 minutes to 72 hours depending on the amount and viscosity of honey. Use of filters with such cell size and precisely in such sequence allows to extract maximum amount of pollen present in natural honey.

EFFECT: invention allows to considerably reduce pollen content in honey that testifies to efficiency of honey ultrafiltration.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, and in particular to methods for processing honey and obtaining products for specialized dietetic nutrition, having an independent functional purpose and intended for direct consumption.

Allergy is a typical immunopathological process expressed by hypersensitivity of the body's immune system with repeated exposure of an allergen to an organism previously sensitized by this allergen. Such an organism reaction can be observed in contact with a certain plant and is characterized by the rapid development of painful manifestations. The most common cause of the disease is the pollen exposure of an allergen plant to the human body. Bee honey contains a significant amount of pollen, which in turn confirms its naturalness. The pollen present in honey can also cause allergies. By size, pollen grains are divided into classes, determined by the maximum length of the polar axis or the equatorial diameter of the grain. Distinguish between very small (sizes less than 10 microns), small (10-25 microns), medium (25-50 microns), large (50-100 microns), very large (100-200 microns) and giant (more than 200 microns) pollen grain.

A METHOD FOR PROCESSING HONEY is known (RU 2601063), according to which a product is obtained by feeding honey in raw solid form through a filler neck into a tank with a vertical rotating screw installed with a gap between the screw of the screw and the tank. The screw of the screw feeds the material to the discharge end of the tank with the drain valve closed, ensuring that honey is mixed inside the tank and crystals are broken when they interact with each other so as to grind them and make them smooth and small. Stirring is continued until the crystals of honey are broken enough to turn honey into a soft, pasty honey product, and the mixing process is carried out without any heating and without filtering the product. The method provides a soft paste-like honey product. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of filtration of honey, as a result of which a significant amount of pollen gets into the finished product, which can cause allergic reactions.

A known method of processing natural honey (CN 106858494 (A), which includes the following stages (1) the complete dispersion of substances in honey by ultrasonic vibrations; (2) after dispersing the honey, activation at a constant temperature within a certain temperature range; (3) adding diluted peroxide hydrogen at the level of food products as a radiation additive in honey. A known method provides improved flavor of the finished honey product; removal of streptomycin and improved antibacterial properties food. However, such treatment does not remove the pollen from the honey.

The closest in technical essence is a device for processing honey (CN207428385) designed to remove impurities from honey. The device for processing honey includes a filter element, which is located in the bottom of the device is a double layer of the filter, and the diameter of the first filter has a larger size than the diameter of the second filter. The device allows you to get honey without crystals and impurities, which avoids the subsequent long-term processing of honey. A disadvantage of the known device is the lack of a stage for removing pollen from plants present in honey.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a method for producing hypoallergenic honey, which would eliminate the above disadvantages.

The specified technical result is achieved in a method for producing hypoallergenic honey, including heating and dissolving centrifugal honey at a temperature of 35-80 ° C, filtering, mixing, followed by packaging, the method further includes ultrafiltration, which is carried out in two stages, at the first stage, honey is passed through a filter with a mesh size from 50 to 2000 microns, in the second stage - through a filter with a mesh size from 2 to 49 microns. At the second stage of ultrafiltration, honey is passed through the filter from 30 minutes to 72 hours, depending on the amount and viscosity of honey. The second stage of honey ultrafiltration can be carried out under pressure or without it, by gravity. The temperature of honey supplied to the second stage of ultrafiltration should not be lower than 20 ° C.

The use of filters with such cell sizes and in precisely this sequence makes it possible to extract the maximum amount of pollen present in natural bee honey. When using a filter with a mesh size of 2 to 49 μm at the first stage, it does not allow to achieve the maximum possible honey purification, and also significantly reduces the efficiency and productivity of the method.

The inventive method is implemented as follows. Centrifugal honey in containers obtained from apiaries is placed in a water bath or in a heat chamber and dissolved at a temperature of a water bath or heat chamber of 35-80 ° С until a liquid-viscous state, then dissolved honey is poured into a common container and mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. After stirring, the honey is ultrafiltered. At the first stage, honey is passed through a filter with a mesh size of 50 to 2000 μm, at the second stage through a filter with a mesh size of 2 to 49 μm for 30 minutes - 72 hours, at a temperature of honey not lower than 20 ° С. Then the honey is packaged in containers, cooled and served on sale.

In the production of centrifugal honey in apiaries, primary filtration is performed (filter with a cell of 2.5 mm or more), in which honey is cleaned only of mechanical impurities (wax, bees, solid impurities, etc.). Centrifugal honey obtained from apiaries can also be subjected to primary filtration, if it is not sufficiently purified from mechanical impurities in apiaries. To obtain hypoallergenic honey by the claimed method, ultrafiltration in two stages is additionally used. Below are the results of pollen analysis, ultrafiltered honey.

Sample honey 1 according to the Pfunda scale belongs to the category of light honey (indicator 56 mm). The analysis of honey sample 1 before filtering revealed pollen of plants predominantly 9 taxonomic units. Pollen grains of annual sunflower plants 61, 2% prevail in honey sample 1. Pollen grains of common bruise 12.4% are often found (Table 1). According to pollen analysis, most of the identified plant species are confined to lawns, synanthropized ecotopes, wastelands, and agricultural land. This sample can be attributed to sunflower honey.

Organoleptic characteristics of a sample of honey 1. Mass fraction of water 18%. Mass fraction of reducing Sugars 87%. Mass fraction of sucrose 3%. The diastase number is 27.5 units. Goethe. The acidity of honey (pH 50% solution) 3 units. The content of hydroxymethylfurfural (GMF) in the initial honey was 4.20 ± 0.34 mg / kg; after filtration, the content was 4.50 ± 0.13 mg / kg. According to GOST 19792-2001, 1 kg of honey GMF should not contain more than 25 mg. According to EU standards, the permissible maximum content of GMF should not be higher than 40 mg per 1 kg of honey. The analysis of pollen grains was carried out under the microscope eyepiece, collected in one field of view (magnification × 400).

In FIG. Figures 1, 2, 3 show pollen grains of sample 1 before and after the first and second stages of ultrafiltration, respectively: Annual sunflower 1, Common bruise 2, Sowing buckwheat 3, Lanceolate sprocket 4, Lubaznik 5, Mordovian 6, Common chicory 7, Bluehead 8 .

The rare occurrence of pollen in honey sample 1 (Fig. 3) indicates the effectiveness of honey ultrafiltration.

Sample honey 2 according to the Pfunda scale belongs to the category of light honey (55 mm). Analysis of honey sample 2 before filtration revealed pollen of plants predominantly 11 taxonomic units. In the honey sample, pollen grains of annual sunflower 58% prevail. Often there are pollen grains of plants of the Umbrella family of 16% (Table 2). According to pollen analysis, most of the identified plant species are confined to lawns, synanthropized ecotopes, wastelands, and agricultural land. This sample can be attributed to sunflower honey, since pollen grains of annual sunflower dominate.

Organoleptic characteristics of a sample of honey 2. Mass fraction of water 17%. Mass fraction of reducing Sugars 86%. Mass fraction of sucrose 3%. The diastase number is 28 units. Goethe. The acidity of honey (pH 50% solution) 4 units. The content of hydroxymethylfurfural (GMF) in the initial honey was 4.00 ± 0.34 mg / kg; after filtration, the content was 4.80 ± 0.13 mg / kg. According to GOST 19792-2001, 1 kg of honey GMF should not contain more than 25 mg. According to EU standards, the permissible maximum content of GMF should not be higher than 40 mg per 1 kg of honey. The analysis of pollen grains was carried out under the microscope eyepiece, collected in one field of view (magnification × 400).

Figures 4, 5, 6 show pollen grains of sample 2 before and after the first and second stages of ultrafiltration, respectively: Annual sunflower 1, Common bruise 2, Buckwheat sowing 3, Sage steppe 9, Garden cod 10, Common cod 11, Bluehead 12 , other Umbrellas 13, Skerda roofing 14.

An analysis of the pollen grains of honey sample 2 after ultrafiltration showed an episodic occurrence of small pollen grains of the Umbrella family of plants (such as caraway seeds, buten, bumps) and a bruise, as well as small pollen fragments of plants of other species. The rare occurrence of pollen in a honey sample 2 (Fig.6) indicates the effectiveness of honey ultrafiltration.

From the above materials it follows that after the first stage of ultrafiltration in honey there remains a significant amount of pollen grains, including and large. The second stage of ultrafiltration allows you to get a very low pollen content, detected in the fields of view under a microscope.

Thus, the claimed method of producing hypoallergenic honey can significantly reduce the pollen content in honey, which indicates the effectiveness of ultrafiltration of honey and allows us to consider it a hypoallergenic product.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining hypoallergenic honey, including heating and dissolving centrifugal honey at a temperature of 35-80 ° C, filtering, mixing, followed by packaging, the method further includes ultrafiltration, which is performed in two stages: at the first stage, honey is passed through a filter with a mesh size of 50 to 2000 microns, in the second stage - through a filter with a mesh size of 2 to 49 microns, while in the second stage of ultrafiltration honey is passed through the filter from 30 minutes to 72 hours depending on the amount and viscosity of honey.

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