RU2698868C1 - Rotary wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind power engineering. Rotor windmill consists of shaft 1 installed horizontally, working elements of which are fixed on it working blades 2, structurally representing a combination of rotor 3. Shaft 1 is located in bearings 4 fixed in bearing housings 5, which are fixed on posts 6 of support frame 7. Between supports 6 and working blades 2 on each side of rotor 3 on shaft 1 there are additionally installed bearings 8 in bearing housings 9, as well as guide plates 10 with holes for passage of shaft 1, to which bearing housings 9 and beams 11, made in the form of metal rods, which along their length are larger than radius 12 of working blades 2 rotation surface, are fixed. Between beams 11 located on both sides of rotor 3 on the length exceeding radius 12, guide 13 airflow is fixed inclinedly to working blades 2 and to form the adjustable airflow guide 14 with possibility of its rotation around horizontal shaft 1 and fixation in required position with the help of retainers 15 fixed on posts 6 of support frame 7. At one end of shaft 1 there is elastic coupling 16, which allows connecting to it the corresponding end of the horizontal rotor shaft of another similar rotor windmill. At the other end of shaft 1 there is drive pulley 17 connected by means of belt transmission 18 to pulley 19 of working mechanism 20.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at providing maximum use of surface air energy.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of wind energy and can be used to increase the used cross-sectional area of the surface air flow in order to convert its kinetic energy into mechanical energy of the rotary shaft of a rotary wind turbine and use this energy to drive an electric generator, or directly to drive a water pump, crusher and other mechanisms.

State of the art

Known rotary wind turbine "Jumbo", installed between two gable roofs, which are both for him and the directors of the air flow on his working blades (see Mechanical Engineering, Encyclopedic Handbook, Section Four, Machine Design, Volume 12, "State Scientific and Technical Publishing House Engineering literature. "Moscow - 1949. S. 211, Fig. 6.

The disadvantage of the Jumbo rotary wind turbine is the inconvenience of its installation and use, associated with the use of air flow guides in the form of roofs of houses, therefore, using this type of wind turbine, we went along the path of improving both the design of the rotor and the air flow guides.

Known rotor of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation, containing radial cylinders mounted with the possibility of rotation around their axes located in the same plane (see Copyright certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1663225 A1 F03D 1/00, Rotor of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation. Publication 15.07 .91, Bull. No. 26).

This wind turbine uses the Magnus effect that occurs on rotating cylinders.

The disadvantage of this wind turbine is the lack of a guide concentrating the air flow on the rotating cylinders, the presence of which would increase the Magnus effect.

A drum type wind turbine is known, comprising two or more rows of drums arranged one after the other so that only the upper half of the drum is exposed to the wind, for which the drums are mounted on an inclined roof in an inclined position such that lower lying drums cover the lower parts above drums (see. Patent for the invention of the USSR No. 6393 class 88 p. 304 Wind turbine drum type, filed 05.07.1926, decl. certificate. No. 8856).

The disadvantage of this wind turbine is that the drums installed in this way do not exclude the passage of air flow to the lower blades of each of them, which exerts pressure on them, which reduces the efficiency of the wind turbine. Turning the entire structure in the direction of the wind is difficult. Therefore, this wind turbine will use the wind from only one direction.

Known rotary wind turbine with a ring concentrator of air flow, containing the support farm, divided into separate sections according to the set number of rotors, the sections are equipped with upper and lower supporting platforms, on which housings with bearings are mounted, in which the ends of the rotor shafts are connected, connected by a flexible communication, and around the rotors a ring air flow concentrator is installed (see Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 257356 C1 Rotary wind turbine with a ring air concentrator th stream. Publication 10.01.2016 Bul. No. 1).

The disadvantage of this rotary wind turbine is the following pattern. An increase in the diameter of the rotor wind turbine leads to a decrease in its speed, since the linear speed of the outer edge of the blade of the rotor wind turbine cannot be greater than the wind speed. The maximum power of a rotary wind turbine is achieved with a linear blade edge speed equal to 1/3 of the air speed. Therefore, the gear ratio of the multiplier should be increased, which reduces its efficiency. An increase in the number of rotors or their height will increase the height of the rotor wind turbine with an annular air flow concentrator and make it more difficult to ensure the stability of the entire wind power installation as a whole.

Given these features, it is obvious that using this rotary wind turbine with a vertical shaft of rotation together with an annular air flow concentrator to increase the cross-sectional area of the surface air flow is not effective. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the positive design features of the rotor wind turbine with an annular air flow concentrator, namely: the ability to install the rotor shaft at its ends in its bearings, while maintaining its speed; use the concentration of air flow on the rotor blades, that is, it is necessary to reconstruct the farm, ensuring the installation of a rotor with a horizontal axis of rotation in it with the corresponding air flow concentrator.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a rotary wind turbine with a vertical shaft of rotation, which consists of a support truss, support upper and lower platforms rigidly connected to it with housings mounted on them with bearings, in which the ends of the rotor shaft are mounted whose blades are made in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder (see RF Patent No. 2263815 C1 F03D 3/00 for a rotary wind turbine with a vertical shaft of rotation. Publication 10.11.2005, Bull. No. 31). If the shaft of rotation is ro to present a horizontal wind turbine together with a farm, the main structural elements of a rotary wind turbine with a vertical shaft of rotation, such as a structurally modified truss, in the form of a page with bearing pads and housings with bearings, a rotor with a shaft fixed by ends in the bearings, will correspond to the rotor a wind turbine with a vertical shaft of rotation.

The disadvantage of a rotary wind turbine with a vertical shaft of rotation, taken as a prototype in the horizontal position of the shaft of rotation is: the limited use of surface wind flow in its cross section; lack of a surface air flow guide to the blades.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a rotor wind turbine with a horizontal shaft of rotation and an adjustable air flow guide, which allows to increase the used cross-sectional area of the surface air flow by installing an air flow guide directing it to the concave surface of the working blades, as well as to provide constructive connectivity of similar rotary wind turbines with a horizontal shaft of rotation among themselves by means of elastic connections d for the formation of a multi-rotor type installation, which will give an increase in the used energy of the surface air flow.

The technical result that can be obtained using the present invention is to increase the power of the wind turbine, as well as the ability to connect several similar rotary wind turbines with the respective ends of their shafts by means of an elastic coupling with the formation of a row located across the surface air flow to convert its kinetic energy into the mechanical energy of a rotating shaft, which can be used to drive working mechanisms.

The technical result is achieved using a rotary wind turbine containing a rotor, the working bodies of which are working blades made in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder, mounted on a shaft supported by bearings mounted in bearing housings mounted on pillars of the support frame, at that on one end of the shaft a drive pulley is installed behind the stand, and the other end of the shaft behind the other stand is free, while the shaft is installed horizontally, and on the shaft between the stand and the rotor, on each side of it, an additional about installed bearings in bearing housings and guide plates equipped with holes for the passage of the shaft, while the bearing housings and beams are attached to the plates, having a length greater than the radius of the surface of rotation of the rotor blades, and the guide plate of the air flow on the blades mounted obliquely between the respective rays located on both sides of the rotor, outside its radius of the surface of rotation and forming, together with the rays, an adjustable air flow guide with the possibility of turning it around the rotor shaft and fixing it in the necessary positions with the help of clamps mounted on the posts of the support frame, while an elastic coupling is additionally installed on the free end of the horizontal shaft, with the possibility of connecting the corresponding end of the shaft to another similar rotary wind turbine.

In the rotor, the rays are made in the form of metal rods.

Thus, rotary wind turbines installed across the air flow and having a horizontal axis of rotation are called drum. They are installed in wind corridors, in which the wind periodically changes its direction by 180 ° and operate using the kinetic energy of the wind in the surface space, which is significant due to the increased air flow velocity in the wind corridor. Guides are installed in front of the drum wind turbines to direct the air flow to its working blades!

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a rotary wind turbine with an indication of the placement of the positions of nodes and parts on a horizontal shaft and a support frame, general view.

In FIG. 2, also, the view of the rotor wind turbine from the side of the drive pulley located on a horizontal shaft, on which the positions of the nodes and parts are indicated, the fixed position of the adjustable guide when the surface air flow is directed to the rotor wind turbine on the left, and also a hypothetical interaction scheme of the surface air flow is indicated with rotor blades and guide them.

In FIG. 3, also, the view of the rotor wind turbine from the side of the drive pulley located on a horizontal shaft with the positions and details indicated by the position of the adjustable guide when the surface air flow is directed to the rotor wind turbine on the right, as well as a hypothetical diagram of the interaction of the surface air flow with the rotor blades and a guide.

The implementation of the invention

A rotary wind turbine consists of: a shaft 1 mounted horizontally, the working bodies of which are working blades 2 mounted on it, structurally representing the rotor 3 in the aggregate, while the shaft 1 mounted horizontally is located in the bearings 4 mounted in the bearing housings 5, which mounted on the uprights 6 of the supporting frame 7, while between the uprights 6 and the working blades 2 on each side of the rotor 3 on the horizontal shaft 1 are additionally mounted bearings 8 in the bearing housings 9, as well as curling plates 10 with holes for the passage of the shaft 1, to which the bearing housings 9 and the beams 11 are attached, for example, in the form of metal rods that are longer than the radius 12 along the rotation surface of the working blades 2, while between the respective beams 11, inclined on both sides of the rotor 3 for a length greater than radius 12, inclined guide plates 13 directing the air flow to the working blades 2 and forming together an adjustable air flow guide 14 with the possibility of turning it around th izontalnogo shaft 1 and fixed in position by means of clamps 15, fortified tinctures 6 of the support frame 7, wherein one end of the horizontal shaft 1 is mounted a flexible coupling 16 allows to connect thereto the corresponding end of the horizontal shaft of the rotor other similar turbine rotor. At the other end of the shaft 1, a drive pulley 17 is mounted, connected by a belt drive 18 with a pulley 19 of the working mechanism 20. The rotor 3 rotates due to the pressure on the surface of the working blades 2 of the air flow consisting of five parts 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25.

A rotary wind turbine made with an adjustable surface air flow guide works as follows:

A rotary wind turbine made with an adjustable guide, the working bodies of which are working blades 2, made as part of a hollow cylinder, mounted on a horizontal shaft 1, mounted across the surface air flow, due to the pressure difference acting on the convex and concave surfaces of the working blades 2 . In the presence of an adjustable airflow guide 14, an increase in the used cross-sectional area of the surface airflow 21 and its direction to Vogn fifth working surface of the blade 2 follows. When the air flow 21 acts on the left-hand wind turbine (see Fig. 2), its part 22 acts simultaneously on the concave surface of the working blade 2, which generates torque on the shaft 1. This effect is amplified by another part 23 of the air flow 21, which descends from the inclined plate 13, as well as part 24 of the air stream 21, escaping from the convex surface of the subsequent working blade 2. Part 25 of the air stream 21, captured by the second inclined plate 13, escapes from it, neutralizing the pressure generated behind the rotational with a subsequent working blade 2, and then, flowing around the convex surface of the third working blade 2, forms a lifting force on it, increasing the torque on the horizontal shaft 1. To ensure the most efficient use of the kinetic energy of the air flow 21, the adjustable guide 14 is fixed by the latch 15 in position, providing the greatest number of revolutions of the horizontal shaft 1. When the wind flow 21 affects the rotor wind turbine on the left, the third plate 13 remains inactive. When exposed to air flow 21 on the rotary wind turbine on the right (see Fig. 3), the adjustable air flow guide 14 is moved to the position that provides the greatest number of revolutions of the horizontal shaft 1, and is fixed by the latch 15 in this position. If it is necessary to increase the power consumption by the energy consumer, a horizontal shaft of a similar wind turbine or several wind motors blocking the surface air flow can be connected to the end of the horizontal shaft 1 by means of an elastic coupling 16 to convert its kinetic energy into the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- increasing the used cross-sectional area of the surface air flow due to the installation of an air flow guide directing it to the concave surface of the working blades;

- airflow control using an airflow guide;

- providing constructive connectivity of similar rotary wind turbines with a horizontal shaft of rotation between each other by means of elastic joints, in the form of a coupling, to form a multi-rotor type installation, which will increase the used energy of the surface air flow.

Claims (2)

1. A rotor wind turbine containing a rotor, the working bodies of which are rotor blades made in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder, mounted on a shaft resting on bearings mounted in bearing housings mounted on the uprights of the support frame, with one mounted on one end of the shaft behind the rack the drive pulley, and the second end of the shaft behind the other rack is free, characterized in that the shaft is installed horizontally, and bearings are additionally mounted on the shaft between the rack and the rotor on each side of the shaft bearing housings and guide plates provided with openings for the passage of the shaft, while bearing housings and beams are attached to the plates having a length greater than the radius of the surface of rotation of the rotor rotor blades, and the air flow guide plates on the rotor blades are mounted obliquely between the respective beams located along both sides of the rotor, outside its radius of rotation surface and forming, together with the beams, an adjustable air flow guide with the possibility of rotation around the rotor shaft and fixation in the required positions with the help of clamps mounted on the racks of the support frame, while at the free end of the horizontal shaft an elastic coupling is additionally installed, with the possibility of connecting to it the corresponding shaft end of another similar rotor wind turbine. 2. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rays are made in the form of metal rods.

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