RU2697908C1 - Device for heating of hydroficated machine circuits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, namely to hydraulic drive of lifting-transporting, construction, road machines and equipment, and other machines, hydraulic drive of which is operated in conditions of negative temperatures and far from stationary bases. Device for warming up loops of hydroficated machine has base, which has mechanism with which arcs are connected. In disassembled position one end of arc is connected with mechanism, and second end of arc is located freely. Free end of arc has magnet. Mechanism is connected with shaft that connects mechanisms located on two adjacent bases. Arcs located on one unit of base machine are connected by walls. On one of the bases the shaft is rigidly connected to the electric motor. Device of electric motor makes it possible to rotate simultaneously two shafts. Connecting points are provided at connection points of circuits with hydraulic motors. In exhaust channel of ICE of base machine two T-bends are installed in series. T-pieces have open positions and closed positions, respectively. Closing and opening are performed remotely from the cabin. Corrugated pipe is used in places with movable joint instead of walls. Corrugated pipe has zip fastener. Corrugated pipe has hooks on both ends. In places of connection of walls and corrugated pipe, arcs closest to connection point have retainers for connection with hooks. Retainers are installed near the base and have an oval shape. Holder is installed inside corrugated pipe. Between the holder and corrugated pipe elastic elements are installed, holding flexible circuits in the corrugated pipe centre, at that, having the possibility of freely passing the exhaust gas flow between the elastic elements, so that the flexible circuits held in the centre of the corrugated pipe with the holder, are accessible from all sides throughout the surface area, for heating with exhaust gases.

EFFECT: invention improves energy efficiency of heating of hydraulic system due to reduction of heat losses from circuits to environment and due to heating of circuits by heat of spent exhaust gases of internal combustion engine.

9 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to a hydraulic drive of hoisting-and-transport, construction, road machines, equipment and other machines that are operated in low temperatures and far from stationary bases.

A known system of thermal preparation of hydraulic drive elements [RF Patent No. 2569862, IPC F15B 21/00 (2006.01), published. November 27, 2015]. It has an internal combustion engine 1, to the cooling system of which pipelines 2, 3, 10 are connected, a thermostat 11 connected to a radiator 12. A pipe 2 is connected to a thermostat 11. A pump 4 is connected through a pipe 2, which is connected to a two-position distributor 5. From the two-position distributor 5, pipelines 6 and 7 are connected to the jacket 8 of the hydraulic motor 9. The thermostat 11 has two positions (cooling the engine 1 through the radiator 12 or heating the jacket 8 of the hydraulic motor 9). The jacket body 8 may be non-removable (has any well-known one-piece connection) or removable (has any well-known one-piece connection), flexible (may consist of composite materials having moisture insulation properties and having good thermal conductivity, capable of withstanding the working pressure in the system) or rigid (consists from moisture resistant materials with good thermal conductivity, able to maintain their shape, in the operating mode and in the parking mode).

The disadvantages of the system are that significant losses of thermal energy from heating the circuits are dissipated in the environment, there is no possibility of heating the circuits (hydraulic lines) of the system, the heating rate of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is reduced, and the likelihood of coolant leaks is increased.

A device for heating the hydraulic tank [RF Patent 2560767, IPC F02N 19/04 (2010.01), published. 08/20/2015] contains a housing 1, in the lower part (bottom) of which there are two or more channels 2. In the channels 2 there are transporting rods 3, one end of which is made with a place 4 for a tablet intended for igniting a fire, and the other end contains a handle 5 for moving the rod along the channel 2. On top of the case is equipped with a fully removable cover 10 with perforated hills 6 with grooves for fastening the guide tubes 7. The guide tubes 7 can be of different shapes and can be mounted on each other (due to different diameters, in rkhney and the lower part of the guide tube 7), for a more local, directional heating. On the front of the case, at the level with the handles 5 for transporting the rods 3, there is a conveying arc 8. The device can be mounted on a means 9 for transporting, for example, skiing.

The disadvantages of the device is that there is no possibility of heating the circuits (hydraulic lines) of the system. When using the device, the entire amount of work on heating the machine must be performed manually.

The most similar device is a device for heating the safety valves of a cesspool machine using exhaust gases [RF Patent No. 2603876, IPC F02G 5/02 (2006.01), F01N 13/08 (2010.01), published. 12/10/2016] contains safety valves 4, around which there are heat exchangers 3, which consist of housings that hold the shape of heat exchangers 3, and of combined heat-insulating materials (based on mineral wool, glass wool or foamed rubber), each heat exchanger 3 is connected to the exhaust system through a flexible sleeve 6 and each heat exchanger 3 has an electromagnetic valve 7, which directs the flow of exhaust gases into the environment or into the intake hose (to prevent icing) or closes (when the shutter 8 is open, the position in Fig. 8.1.). To carry out the condensate drain, there is a coaxial reservoir 11 heated by exhaust gases (has double walls) with a tap 9.

The disadvantages of the device is that there is no possibility of heating the circuits (hydraulic lines) of the system. There is no possibility of remote distribution of the exhaust gas flow. There is no information about the temperature on the heated elements.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to reduce the heating time of the hydraulic system, reduce heat loss to the environment, increase the reliability of the hydraulic system, reduce wear of the hydraulic drive elements, reduce the consumption of fuels and lubricants during operation of the hydraulic system.

The technical result of the proposed design of the heating circuit of the hydroficated machine is to increase the energy efficiency of heating the hydraulic system by reducing heat loss from the circuits to the environment, by heating the circuits with heat from the exhaust exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, controlling the distribution of heating energy between the elements of the hydraulic system and monitoring the heating temperature.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the device for heating the circuits has a base that is fixed between the mounting circuits (hydraulic lines) and the surface of the machine assembly (for example, on the boom, sleeve, bucket, etc.). The base has a mechanism with which arcs are connected. In the disassembled position, one end of the arc is connected to the mechanism, and the second end of the arc is freely located. The free end of the arc has a magnet. The arcs in the assembled position are attracted to each other by magnets located at the free ends. The mechanism is connected to the shaft. The shaft connects the mechanisms located on two adjacent bases. The arcs located on one node of the base machine are connected by walls and shafts. On one of the bases, the shaft is rigidly connected to the electric motor. The device of the electric motor allows simultaneous rotation of two shafts located in opposite directions at the same time. In the places where the circuits are connected to hydraulic motors (for example, with hydraulic cylinders) there are connecting mechanisms that have openings for the exhaust gases that have released their heat to the environment and thermocouples measuring the temperature of the exhaust gases in the hole and the temperature at the point of connection of the circuits to the hydraulic motor.

In the exhaust channel of the internal combustion engine of the base machine, two tees are installed in series. Tees have open positions and closed. Closing and opening, carried out remotely from the cab.

In places with a movable connection, a corrugated pipe is used instead of walls. The corrugated pipe has a zipper. Corrugated pipe has hooks at both ends. At the junction of the walls and the corrugated pipe, the closest to the junction of the base have clamps for connection with hooks. The latches are oval. A holder is mounted inside the corrugated pipe. Between the holder and the corrugated pipe, elastic elements are installed that hold the flexible contours in the center of the corrugated pipe while being able to freely pass the exhaust gas flow between the elastic elements so that the flexible circuits held in the center of the corrugated pipe by the holder provide the exhaust gases with access to the flexible circuits with all sides, over the entire surface area.

The figure 1 shows a device for heating circuits as an example of the boom, arm and bucket of the excavator.

The figure 2 shows a diagram of the location of the walls, corrugated pipes and circuits, where the internal combustion engine is the internal combustion engine, P is the distributors, GB is the hydraulic tank. White wide arrows show the hot exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, black arrows show the exhaust gases that lost their heat after exiting the heating circuit of the hydraulic machine to the environment. The tee 11 is in the closed position, the tee 12 is in the open position.

The figure 3 shows the tee 11 in the closed position and the tee 12 in the open position.

The figure 4 presents the base with an electric motor, front view.

The figure 5 presents the base with an electric motor, side view.

The figure 6 shows the end of the corrugated pipe with a hook and the base with a latch, before engagement (side view)

The figure 7 shows the base with a hook (front view).

The figure 8 shows the connection of the corrugated pipe with the base and walls, using a hook and a latch.

The figure 9 presents the corrugated pipe with a holder and elastic elements (sectional front view) in assembled form.

The figure 10 presents a corrugated pipe with a holder and elastic elements (sectional view from the front) in disassembled form

The construction machine has circuit 8 rigid and flexible circuit 28 (hydraulic lines). Flexible circuit 28 is used at the joints of movable relative to each other nodes (For example: arrow and handle). Rigid circuit 8 is installed on the surface of one assembly or when connecting structural components that are stationary relative to each other (for example, on: hydraulic cylinder, or boom, etc.). The circuit 8 is fixed in a fixed position due to the fasteners 5 of the circuit 8, with which the circuit 8 is fixed on the structure (for example: hydraulic cylinder, boom, stick, etc.).

The heating device circuit of the hydraulic machine has a base 1, which is fixed between the mounting 5 of the circuits 8 and the surface of the machine assembly (on the boom, sleeve, bucket, etc.). The base 1 has a mechanism 2, with which the arcs 3 are connected. The arc 3 has the shape of a hemisphere. In the disassembled position, one end of the arc 3 is connected by a mechanism 2, and the second end of the arc is freely located. The free end of the arc has a magnet 4. Arcs 3 in the assembled position are attracted to each other by magnets 4 located at the free ends. Magnets 4 provide additional force for tight connection of arcs 3 (for better thermal insulation). The mechanism 2 (articulated) is connected to the shaft 7. The shaft 7 connects the mechanisms 2 located on two adjacent bases 1. Arcs 3 consist of any rigid well-known composite material with low thermal conductivity. Arcs 3 located on one node of the base machine (for example: boom, stick, bucket) are connected by walls 6. Arcs 3 and walls 6 have double walls, inside which there is any well-known material with low thermal conductivity (for example, min.wool, expanded polystyrene, etc. ) to reduce heat loss through arcs 3 and walls 6. On each surface of the machine assembly there is a base 1 on which, the shaft 7 is rigidly connected to the electric motor 9. The device of the electric motor 9 allows simultaneous rotation of two shafts 7 located in opposite likely impacts directions. On each node of the base machine there is a base 1 with an electric motor 9, which drives all the mechanisms 2 located on the machine node. To distribute the load, the base 1 with the electric motor 9 is located so that the load on the electric motor 9 on both sides of the shafts 7 is uniform. At the junctions of circuits 8 with hydraulic motors 6 (for example, with hydraulic cylinders) there are connecting mechanisms 23 that have openings 18 for exhaust gases to pass out their heat to warm up the hydraulic system, and to the environment and thermocouples 19 that measure the temperature of the exhaust gases close to hole 18. In the exhaust channel of the internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine of the base machine, two tees 11, 12 are installed in series. The tee 11 of the tee 12 have open and closed positions. Closing and opening, carried out remotely from the cab. In places with a movable (flexible) connection, instead of the walls 6, a corrugated (heat-insulating) pipe 10 is used. The corrugated pipe 10 has a zipper 17 with the possibility of unfastening along the corrugated pipe 10 (for ease of location on the machine). The corrugated pipe 10 has hooks at both ends 13. At the junction of the walls 6 and the corrugated pipe 10, the closest to the junction of the base 1 have clamps 14, for connection with hooks 13. The clamps 14 has an oval shape. A holder 15 is installed inside the corrugated pipe 10. Between the holder 15 and the corrugated pipe 10, elastic elements 16 are installed holding the flexible contour 8.2. in the center of the corrugated pipe 10, while having the ability to freely pass the exhaust stream between the elastic elements 16, so that the flexible circuit 8.2. held in the center of the corrugated pipe 10 by the holder 15, provided the exhaust gases access to the flexible circuits from all sides, over the entire surface area.

The device operates as follows, after starting the internal combustion engine of the base machine, the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine are sent to the exhaust system of the machine.

If it is necessary to warm up the circuits 8 of the base machine, it is necessary that the arcs 3 are in the assembled position and are attracted to each other by magnets 4. If the arcs are in the disassembled position, then remotely from the operator's cab, motors 9 located on different nodes of the machine are switched on. Using the shafts 7, mechanical energy reaches each mechanism 2 located on the base 1. At the same time, the arcs 3 with the walls 6 are transferred to the assembled position. After that, a signal is sent remotely from the operator’s cabin to magnets 4, and the arcs 3 and walls 6 are fixed relative to each other. If corrugated pipes 10 are not installed in the holders 15, then manually using a zipper 17 corrugated pipes 10 are located around the flexible circuits 28. Corrugated pipes 10, hooks 13 are installed in the clips 14.

It is possible not to unfasten the clamps 14 and the hooks 13 of the corrugated pipe 10, then manual work is not required.

If the tee 11 and the tee 12 are in open positions, the exhaust gas flow is sent directly to the environment.

When remotely switching the tee 11 to the closed position, the exhaust gas flow from the internal combustion engine is directed along the circuits 8 (warming them up), inside the walls b (along the rigid circuits 8) and corrugated pipes 10 (along the flexible circuits 28) to the handle cylinder 21 and the bucket cylinder 22, the exhaust gases follow to the connecting mechanism 23 where the temperature is measured by thermocouples 19 of the exhaust gases and the temperature at the point of attachment of the circuits 28 to the hydraulic cylinder of the handle 19 and the bucket 22, then the exhaust gases that emit their heat escape into the environment through the holes 18. In the assembled position of the arcs 3, walls 6, provide the necessary seal for the passage of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines inside walls 6, arcs 3, corrugated pipes 10 and holes 18.

When remotely switching the tee in 11 to the open position and switching the tee 12 to the closed position, the exhaust gas flow from the engine is directed through the tee 11 and the tee 12 along the circuits 8 (warming them), inside the walls b (along the rigid circuits 8) and corrugated pipes 10 ( along flexible circuits 28) to the hydraulic cylinders of the boom 20, the exhaust gases follow to the connecting mechanism 23 where the temperature is measured by thermocouples 19 of the exhaust gases and the temperature at the point where the flexible circuits 28 are connected to the hydraulic cylinders of the boom 20, then the exhaust gases those who gave their heat go out into the environment through openings 18.

After warming up the machine to operating temperature, it is necessary to remotely switch the tee 11 to the open position. Tee 12 in the open position, the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine exit directly into the environment.

If there is a danger of overheating of the hydraulic system, it is possible to remagnetize the magnets 4 remotely, and with the help of electric motors 9 and shafts 7 rotate the mechanisms 2, which are rigidly connected to the arcs 3. Then the arcs 3 and walls 6 go into the open position. Providing maximum heat dissipation from the circuits.

Claims (9)

1. A device for heating the contours of a hydraulic machine, comprising a base, fastening, rigid circuits, flexible circuits, tees, connecting mechanisms, thermocouples, characterized in that the base has arcs and electric motors with mechanisms, there are magnets at the free ends of the arcs, two arcs adjacent to each other connected by walls and shafts, rigid circuits are inside the walls, and flexible circuits are inside the corrugated pipe. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the distribution of the exhaust gas flow occurs using two tees installed in series, having closed and open positions. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the arcs in the assembled position and fixed by magnets connect the walls so that the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine to the connecting mechanisms pass inside the walls. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bases closest to the junction of the walls and the corrugated pipe have clamps, the clamps are oval in shape and are located next to the arcs on the side of the corrugated pipe. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that on one of the bases the shaft is rigidly connected to the electric motor, the electric motor device allows the simultaneous rotation of two shafts in different directions. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that at the junction of the circuits with hydraulic motors there are connecting mechanisms that have openings for exhaust gases to enter the environment and thermocouples that measure the temperature of the exhaust gases. 7. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that each corrugated tube has a zipper for the possibility of removal and installation of the corrugated pipe around flexible circuits. 8. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the corrugated tube has hooks at both ends that enter the clips. 9. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a holder is installed inside the corrugated pipe, elastic elements are installed between the holder and the corrugated pipe, holding flexible contours in the center of the corrugated pipe in order to freely pass the exhaust gas flow between the elastic elements for heating the flexible circuits exhaust gases from all sides over the entire surface area.

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