RU2693981C1 - Two environmental-friendly drilling rig in arctic design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling of soil and rocks.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drilling unit for cluster drilling of prospecting and operating oil and gas wells in cold climatic conditions, for example, Far North of Russia. Proposed unit comprises overhead winch unit with base and tower mounted on two-echelon guides of circulating system equipment, including drilling mud preparation, cleaning and storage unit and drilling fluid supply pump unit, as well as a receiving bridge unit and an electrical equipment unit connected to the circulating system equipment. Module of the electrical equipment unit containing the transformer, the complete thyristor device and the low-voltage complete device is located in the first tier, and the module of the electrical equipment unit containing the diesel power plant - in the second one. Installation has a shelter. First echelon comprises a hoisting unit with a U-shaped mast tower for cluster drilling, a drilling mud cleaning unit, a mud storage unit, a unit of electrical equipment containing a diesel power plant. Second echelon comprises a preparation unit, a unit of drilling pumps, a unit of electrical equipment containing a transformer, a complete thyristor device, a low-voltage complete device. Second tier houses a unit for cleaning drilling mud from the first echelon, as well as a receiving bridge unit located above the electrical equipment unit from the second echelon.

EFFECT: simplified and faster mounting, easier maintenance and repair, as well as higher environmental safety.

4 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to oil and gas equipment, namely, two-echelon two-tier block-modular drilling rig, which can be used for cluster drilling of exploration and production oil and gas wells in cold climatic conditions, such as the Far North of Russia.

In the layout of drilling rigs, a winch block for tripping operations (VLB), a circulating system for circulating drilling mud (CS), including a drilling mud preparation, cleaning and storage unit and a pump block for supplying drilling mud (NB), a block or receiving bridge module for supplying and storing pipes (PM), electrical equipment blocks, etc.

In the development of the layout of drilling rigs tend to compactness. At present, compactness is achieved by arranging functional blocks in two echelons. Two-echelon installation has a smaller length of communications, occupies a smaller area and requires less work on the preparation of the cluster site, causes less environmental damage. Two-echelon drilling rigs are placed on guides, therefore the receiving bridge mounted on the guides can move with all the equipment, and, as a result, does not require dismantling or special tools when it is moved.

Two-echelon drilling rigs with a second tier, such as a drilling rig for well drilling of oil and gas wells (RU 133867, publ. 10/27/2013) [1], are becoming popular. In this installation, the location of the receiving bridge with racks for drill pipes in the second tier gives this installation additional advantages, since allows, without additional mechanisms of pipe orientation, to move pipes to the VLB in a direction parallel to the direction of installation movement. In this case, the turns of the pipe during feeding and unloading are excluded.

Two-echelon layout allows installation of additional units, as well as shelters for heating work areas, the presence of which reduces heat loss and, consequently, increases the energy efficiency of the operation of the drilling rig. The task of reducing heat loss is particularly relevant for the so-called Arctic drilling rigs, operated in extremely cold climatic conditions.

As the closest to the claimed invention, a compact cluster drilling rig in the Arctic design was selected (RU 116558, publ. 27.05.2012) [2], known as “Arctic” (see electronic resource: http://naukams.com/burovaya -ustanovka-uralmash-6000-400-ek-bmch-arktika) [3]. This modular unit is made in the Arctic version.

The drilling rig "Arktika" contains four rail guide beams, on which technologically connected functional units with the necessary equipment are installed in two echelons. The first echelon contains a tower-winch unit with a tower-type base and tower, the first unit of the circulating system equipment, the unit of pumping equipment. The second echelon contains the receiving bridge unit located opposite the VLB, the second equipment unit of the CA, located opposite the first CA unit, after the second CA unit the power equipment module (BE) module is installed. BE contains a complete thyristor device (KTU), a low-level switching device (KTU) with non-oil-filled equipment, a back-up diesel power station (DES), a steam generator and a heat generator. On both sides of the receiving bridge, located in the second echelon, a blowout equipment module (AIR) and an additional module of power equipment with hydroelectric station equipment and a steam generator (PGM) are installed. As additional modules, modules for engineers and technicians can be installed on the roofing surface of the first CA unit.

The modules of the first block of CS are arranged in two tiers in such a way that the first tier contains modules of the receiving mud tanks, the second tier - modules of the equipment for drilling mud cleaning. The second block of equipment CA contains modules of tanks for storage and preparation of drilling mud. The modules of the power equipment block, made with the power frame, as well as the equipment block of the CS are arranged in two tiers. Moreover, the first tier of the CA equipment block is formed by the KTU, NKU and KTU modules, the second tier - by the modules with the backup diesel power station, steam and heat generator, as well as by two modules designed for staff rest and tool storage. Racks for drill pipes are installed on the roofing surface of the second CS unit. Both echelons of the main functional blocks of a cluster drilling rig are technologically integrated through a communications system, including cable lines, a pressure manifold, and pipelines for various purposes.

The design of the base of the VLB is determined by the construction of a tower of a tower type, the four supports of which are mounted on two spars mounted by two blocks of a displacement mechanism installed along the guides. With such a base design, the blowout preventer (BOP) is started up under the side member between the guides, which, if the BOP system is replaced on the bush, can cause damage to the fittings of the drilled wells. The corresponding equipment of the circulating system is grouped in modules installed in two tiers due to the fact that these modules are made with a volumetric power frame. The feasibility of the remaining functional blocks of the modules containing the power frame, due to the possibility of installing modules of electrical equipment also in two tiers. In this case, thanks to the power frame on the roofing surface of the blocks, it becomes possible to install additional modules with the necessary equipment.

Since this installation is intended for drilling wells in the conditions of the Far North of Russia, it is completely covered from the winch block to the receiving bridge with racks for drill pipes, including inter-flight space. To ensure comfortable working conditions at the working site and the wards of the top working tower, the tower, consisting of eight spatial sections, has a shelter to the entire height of translucent material, with the main functional blocks: the first and second blocks of the CS, NB, power equipment module, receiving module bridge, air defense modules and an additional module PGM are also equipped with elements of the shelter. Thus, the modules of the first and second blocks of the CS, NB, and electrical equipment are equipped with roofing and side (wall) panels, where necessary. The receiving bridge module, drill pipe racks contain roofing panels, and the sides can be formed from a soft cover. The shelter of the VLB drilling tower with a drilling platform is made in the form of shields attached directly to the sections of the tower. The variant with a soft cover of the tower with a drilling site is possible.

The shelter element for shelving for drill pipes and receiving bridge modules, air defense systems and the additional PGM module is a platform for mounting the tower, supported by four racks mounted on the elements of the volumetric power frame of the air defense modules, the receiving bridge module, and the additional PGM module. In the “Arktika” installation, the supporting structures of the shelter are located on each module, thus there is a need to additionally install inter-module slats, which adds to the complexity of the installation of shelters. In addition, the “Arktika” unit has a combined heating system, including air heating of the rooms from two heat generators and technological heating of tanks, drawworks crankcases, pumps and candlesticks from two steam generators. Assembly of the tower tower in the installation "Arctic" is possible only after the assembly of the receiving bridge, because a platform for assembling tower sections is located on its roof. This adversely affects the installation time. In addition, the “Arktika” installation does not provide for the purification of air from the vapors of petroleum products, moreover, when drilling on the basis of oily solutions, hydrogen sulfide and vapors of petroleum products are actively released.

The objective of the claimed technical solution is to simplify and speed up installation, increase the ease of maintenance and repair of equipment, as well as increase the environmental safety of the installation.

For this, a two-echelon two-tiered drilling rig in the Arctic design was proposed, which, like the prototype, contains a winch block with a base and a tower, installed on two-echelon guides of the circulation system, including a drilling mud preparation, cleaning and storage unit and a pumping unit for supply of drilling mud, as well as the receiving bridge unit and, connected to the equipment of the circulation system, an electrical equipment unit, wherein the module of the electrical equipment unit containing a op, complete thyristor unit, low-voltage device is located in the first tier, and the module electrical unit comprising a diesel power plant, - in the second. In addition, the installation has a shelter. The new unit is different in that the first echelon contains a U-shaped winch block with a U-shaped mast tower for well drilling, a drilling mud purification unit, a drilling mud storage unit, an electrical equipment unit containing a diesel power station, the second echelon contains a preparation unit, a drilling pump unit, an electrical unit containing a transformer, a complete thyristor device, a low-voltage complete device, while in the second tier there is a mud purification unit from the first echelo on, as well as the receiving bridge unit, located above the electrical equipment block from the second echelon.

The installation is also distinguished by the fact that the modules of the circulating units, the system, the drilling pumps, the receiving bridge, have a single shelter, which is a spatial truss structure, on the frames of which there are warmed roof, side, end and ridge panels. At the same time, the roof panels are made removable, and on the ridge panels there are covers in which an exhaust system is mounted containing filters for air purification from oil product vapors.

The layout of the equipment of the circulation system to circulate the drilling fluid in the declared drilling rig is designed in such a way that the storage tanks are in the first echelon directly next to the mud cleaning unit. With such an arrangement of storage tanks, the cyclic movement of the drilling mud implies its discharge into the storage tanks after cleaning with a sand trap, a descaler, and centrifuges. This allows us to simplify the binding of pipelines between the blocks of cleaning and storage of drilling mud, to provide ease of equipment maintenance and process control. Due to this, reduced length of pipelines, the number of connections, the number of valves and control valves. The fact that the drilling mud storage unit is made in a single-tiered version means that there are no other modules above the storage tanks. This allows for convenient access to equipment, such as agitators, level sensors, density sensors, for lowering into a tank, for sampling drilling mud.

The location of the preparation unit in the second echelon, free from other metal structures, provides convenient supply of chemical reagents with special equipment for preparing drilling mud, as well as replacing broken equipment. The location of the receiving bridge unit above the electrical equipment allows you to work with pipes, either using the feeder or in the traditional way using an auxiliary winch. At the same time, the location of the electrical equipment block containing the transformer, the complete thyristor device, the low-voltage complete device, under the receiving bridge minimizes the length of the cable production and, accordingly, the cost of replacing them.

The use of a U-shaped mast tower for cluster drilling makes it possible to stock the working rope at the stage of its installation prior to lifting, that is, in a horizontal position, which is much more convenient than on a tower in an upright position. In addition, the installation of the U-shaped tower can be carried out in parallel with the installation of the remaining units, which, compared with the installation of the "Arctic", reduces the installation time by 8 days.

The shelter of the drilling rig is separate from the blocks and modules compact in transport position and convenient to install panels, convenient for transporting a pack, which significantly reduces the cost of transporting them to the installation site on the drilling rig. For the assembly of shelters at the installation site requires a minimum number of finger and bolt connections. The elements of the shelter of the circulation system are such that the seals are located directly on them and no installation of inter-module strips is required. For repair and replacement of pump engines and other equipment, roof panels are removable.

Thus, the new technical result achieved by the claimed solution consists in simplifying the piping between the cleaning and storage units of the drilling mud, reducing the length of the pipelines, reducing the number of connections, and valves, minimizing the length of the cable installation, and also reducing the cost of transportation of nodes to the place of installation on the drilling rig.

The declared drilling rig is illustrated by the following figures. FIG. 1 shows a general view of the installation; in fig. 2 - the same, side view; in fig. 3 - the general layout of the first and second echelons of the first tier, top view; in fig. 4 - the general layout of the first and second echelons of the second tier, top view; in fig. 5 - layout of the modules of the blocks of the first and second echelons of the first tier, top view; in fig. 6 shows the layout of the modules of the first and second echelons of the second tier, top view; in fig. 7 - the shelter of the drilling rig, front view; in fig. 8 - shelter of the drilling rig, side view; in fig. 9 - shelter of the drilling rig, top view; in fig. 10 - farm shelter rig in the working position; in fig. 11 - farm shelter rig in transport position; in fig. 12 - the element of the shelter rig.

The drilling rig contains installed in two echelons on two pairs of guides 1, winch block 2 and functional blocks-modules. The first echelon (I) contains a drilling mud cleaning unit 3, a drilling mud storage unit 4, an electrical equipment block 5. The second echelon (II) contains a drilling pump block 6, a preparation unit 7, an electrical equipment block 8, a receiving bridge unit 9. The second tier is used for the purification unit 3 located in the first echelon, and the reception bridge unit 9 located above the electrical equipment unit 8 located in the second echelon. In the second tier, the processing equipment and pipelines (not shown) are located on the tanks of the storage unit 4.

The guides 1 are supported by the movement and alignment mechanism 10, they are equipped with modules of the left and right side member 11, which serve as a support for the U-shaped mast tower for well drilling 12, which is mounted in a horizontal position and then rises to the working position with a device for lifting the tower. On the left and right support frames 13, the rotor, candlesticks and auxiliary winch modules are installed, which form the working platform 14. This VLB base construction allows to start the blowout equipment under the receiving bridge perpendicular to the guides, without touching the reinforcement of the drilled wells.

The cleaning unit 3 located in the first echelon contains a slurry pump module 15, a coarse cleaning module 16, a fine cleaning module 17. Storage unit 4 contains a water tank module 18, storage modules 19, an intermediate module with a pump 20. Electrical equipment block 5 behind them as emergency power source contains a diesel power station 21.

The electrical equipment unit 8 located in the second echelon contains a storage room 22, a compressor station 23, a transformer 24, a complete thyristor device (KTU) 25, a low-voltage complete device (UCU) 26. The following block of drilling pumps 6: (NB) contains a service module 27 , a mud pump module 28, a locking-distribution device module (MRU) 29, a mud pump module 30, an intermediate module 31. Preparation block 7 contains a cooking module with a pump and a hydraulic funnel 32, a cooking module with a capacity 33. at the end of the second echelon, there is a landing site for a towing overhead worker 34. The receiving bridge unit 9 contains racks 35. The receiving bridge has a mechanized pipe feed to the working platform and the return of the working tool to the receiving bridge.

The mechanism of movement and alignment is made in the form of 4 pillars connected in pairs by platforms. Each support contains 2 balancing wheels, 4 screw jacks and 6 hydraulic jacks, through which the VLB rests on the guides while drilling, are used to align the VLB. To move the trains, 4 hydraulic cylinders are used, installed in pairs on each train.

Equipment (CS), consisting of a drilling mud purification unit 3, a drilling mud storage unit 4, a preparation unit 6 and a pump unit 7, allows cleaning the drilling mud from cuttings with the possibility of degassing during the drilling process, preparing and storing the necessary stock of mud, as well as disperse it. The total volume of the system is 535 m3. The pumping unit on the basis of two three-piston mud pumps provides the supply of drilling mud to the bottomhole during the drilling process, cleaning the bottomhole of the cuttings, summing up the flows from the mud pumps, actuating the hydraulic downhole motors, cooling and lubricating the bit. The cooking unit is equipped with a monorail with an electric hoist of 3,2 tons. To move bags of chemical reagents.

The electrical equipment block 8, containing a complete thyristor device (KTU), a low-voltage complete device (NKU), a complete switchgear (KRU), allows the installation to be combined power supply, both from a complex of diesel power plants included in parallel operation, located on a cluster site, and from centralized power supply system from 6.3 kV, 50 Hz power transmission lines. The optimal drilling mode is provided by a frequency-controlled AC drive of all the main mechanisms. The installation is equipped with control systems and management of the drilling process.

On the last module of the first echelon, there is a pumping centrifugal pump for working with storage tanks and with additional capacity. If it is not available, a transition to the second echelon would be required to start one of the pumps in the preparation unit, which is extremely inconvenient in controlling the movement of the solution. In the cleaning unit there is a refilling tank with two pumps for forced topping up the well. One of the pumps is redundant.

A booster pump is located on each drilling pump module. This allows you to monitor the operation of drilling pumps, to monitor the pressure in the retaining line directly being in the pumping unit. The placement of the tackle bay is made from the free side of the second echelon, which allows for convenient replacement. The arrangement of discharge lines of the blowout equipment is performed behind the first echelon, in contrast to the traditional arrangement on the side of the receiving bridge, i.e. between two trains. It is much more convenient for the entrance of equipment, maintenance, repair, replacement.

For heating the installation, a three-block boiler room is provided, which provides ease of maintenance and does not require additional water treatment. The boiler room consists of three units, each of which can work both separately and jointly, depending on the required heat consumption and runs on liquid fuel. When drilling on the basis of oil-containing solutions, hydrogen sulfide and vapors of petroleum products are actively released, an exhaust system using filter elements is used at the stated drilling rig, which allows minimizing environmental pollution.

The winch block is heated and completely covered from precipitation into the work area, thereby ensuring comfortable working conditions. The room of the electrical equipment unit 8 and the receiving bridge unit 9 is completely made of sandwich panels, unlike its counterparts, which use a short-lived awning shelter. In this regard, a microclimate conducive to the work is also created inside these blocks.

The modules of the circulation system, drilling pumps, receiving bridge, have a single shelter 36. The shelter is a spatial truss structure with frames and insulated panels installed on them. These are roof panels 37, side panels 38, end panels 39, ridged panels 40. Each panel has built-in rubber seals 41 at the joints with adjacent panels. Skate panels 40 have lids in which an exhaust system containing filters 42 for cleaning air is mounted from vapors of oil products. In the lower side panels there are hinged gates for the passage of hoists with cargo; There are windows in the side panels. For repair and replacement of pump engines and other equipment, roof panels are removable. Truss and panels are compact in transport position and convenient to install (see Fig. 10, 11). Thus, the shelter of the drilling rig is separate from the blocks and modules of the panel, convenient for transporting a pack, which significantly reduces the cost of transporting them to the place of installation on the drilling rig. For the assembly of shelters at the installation site requires a minimum number of finger and bolt connections. The elements of the shelter of the circulation system are such that the seals are located directly on them and no installation of inter-module strips is required. To improve the environmental safety of the installation, in the frame of each module there are ducts connected to a collection collector of leaks of drilling fluid located under the frames and drained into the reservoir or at the wellhead (not shown).

Declared drilling rig works as follows. A car with pipes tied up in a pack pulls up, stands next to the second echelon, stops in the working area of the electric hoist. The operator, controlling the electric hoist from the console, raises a stack of pipes to the level of the racks, pulls them under cover and unloads them onto the racks for feeding pipes or for storing them. The hydraulically operated linkage mechanism fully mechanizes the transfer of pipes from the racks to the working platform and back.

The drill string through the swivel or top drive system is suspended to the pulley system. The tool is fed to the face and the load on the bit is maintained using the bit feed adjuster (RPD) in two modes: manual and automatic. In manual mode, the tool feed rate to the face or load on the bit is set from the driller's console by the selsyn control unit manually by the driller. In automatic mode, the tool feed rate or set bit load is maintained automatically.

In the preparation unit with the help of special equipment, drilling mud is prepared, which flows into the storage unit and mixes. Next, the solution is pumped into the pumping unit in the suction pipe of the drilling pumps, which under high pressure is sent to the well. From the well, through the annulus, the solution transfers the drilled rock to the cleaning unit. After that, it re-enters the storage tanks for further circulation.

If necessary, remove parts of the mud pump for repair using a monorail with a hoist located in the block of mud pumps. If it is necessary to replace the entire mud pump, remove the two roof panels and use a truck crane to load onto vehicles. In the process of drilling, the installation is moved using the built-in mechanism for moving and leveling along the guides from one well to another.

The stated unit for well cluster drilling with a two-echelon arrangement of functional units of the process equipment will be manufactured under the trade name "Taimyr-01", a drilling depth of 6000 m, with a carrying capacity of 400 tons. in the arctic version. In the future, the drilling rig can be operated in any areas of the Russian Federation without any changes. The use of this installation will reduce the time of tripping, simplify and speed up the installation, maintenance and repair of equipment, which together allows you to save significant resources on drilling wells compared to counterparts. The use of an exhaust system in a drilling unit with filters for air purification from oil product vapors, as well as constructive devices for collecting leaks of drilling mud will minimize environmental pollution, that is, ensure environmentally safe operation.

Claims (4)

1. A two-echelon environmentally friendly drilling rig in the Arctic design, containing a winch block with a base and a tower, two-echelon equipment installed on a circulation system, including a drilling mud preparation, cleaning and storage unit and a pumping unit for supplying drilling mud, as well as the receiving bridge unit and the electrical equipment unit connected to the circulating system equipment; the electrical equipment module module containing the transformer is a complete thyristor unit The device, a low-voltage complete device, is located in the first tier, and the module of an electrical equipment block containing a diesel power station is in the second tier; in addition, the installation has a shelter, characterized in that the first echelon contains a tower-winding unit with a U-shaped mast tower for cluster drilling, drilling mud cleaning unit, drilling mud storage unit, electrical equipment block containing a diesel power station, the second echelon contains a preparation block, a drill pump block, an electrical equipment block, with an adherent transformer, a complete thyristor device, a low-voltage complete device, while in the second tier there is a drilling mud purification unit from the first echelon, as well as a receiving bridge unit located above the electrical equipment unit from the second echelon. 2. Installation under item 1, characterized in that the modules of the blocks of the circulation system, drilling pumps, receiving bridge have a single shelter, which is a spatial truss structure, the frames of which are equipped with warmed roof, side, end and ridge panels. 3. Installation under item 2, characterized in that the roof panels are made removable. 4. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the ridge panels have covers in which an exhaust system is mounted, which contains filters for cleaning air from oil product vapors.

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