RU2689007C1 - Unit for soil removal from underlying layer of motor road - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for construction of motor roads. Unit for soil removal from underlayer of road includes soil removal device including frames, endless chains, buckets, cutting elements. Unit additionally contains energy device. Right frame and left frame are hinged to middle frame of soil removal device, position of the right frame relative to the middle frame is controlled by the turning hydraulic motor, and by the left frame position relative to the middle frame – two hydraulic cylinders of the left frame control, to the left frame there is a pivotally connected cantilever on which there are rotary rollers and a sprocket with a drive from the lifting hydraulic motor and the position of which relative to the left frame is controlled by two telescopic hydraulic cylinders, rollers, two rotary rollers and sprocket with drive from cardan shaft are installed on middle frame and right frame. At that, lower rollers, lower turning roller and sprocket are connected with middle frame and right frame by means of hydraulic cylinders of rollers, which are connected with hydraulic and pneumatic accumulator of rollers control. Besides, on the right frame the link is installed, the position of which is controlled by two hydraulic cylinders of tension, which are connected with hydropneumatic accumulator of chains tensioning, two endless chains encircle rollers, rotary rollers and sprockets, and to the chains are attached buckets with lower blade, side blade and cantilever blade. Ripper frames are hinged to the middle frame and the right frame of the soil removal device, which are also connected to the middle frame and the right frame by means of hydraulic cylinders of cultivators connected with hydropneumatic accumulator of rippers control, within the rippers the hollow axes are installed. At the same time cutting elements of passive cultivators are installed in holders welded inside hollow axes, and are fixed in cuts of hollow axes by turning against direction of their rotation. Soil removal device is connected to power device by means of weighed portion controlled by control hatch hydraulic cylinder. Inside housing of power device there is engine, at that, on one side, the torque from the engine is transmitted to the reduction gear and the hydraulic pump, from the gearbox to the power takeoff box, and from it to the propeller shaft, and on the other side, the torque from the engine is supplied to the variator, from it to the onboard friction clutches, the power device rests on rollers through levers, and rollers – on caterpillar tracks.EFFECT: improvement of quality of motor roads and reduction of costs for their construction.1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices in the field of road construction. It can be used to remove soil from the underlying layer of the road during the construction of roads, which will improve the quality of roads, reduce the cost of their construction, and preserve the soil from the underlying layer of roads for further use in agriculture.

Known scraper with elevator loading (patent RU №2170306, C1 E02F 3/64, 28.01.2000), containing a spatial frame mounted on the drive wheels, a bucket with a knife, articulated with the frame on one side of the hinge, on the other - using hydraulic cylinders and elevator. The disadvantage of this design is the cyclical operation of the bucket.

Known complex track building (patent RU №2532311 C1 E01B 27/00, 21.06.2013), containing the head and auxiliary machines connected by a system of synchronization of movements. In this case, the head machine can be equipped with a milling rotor device installed in front of the intake device. The disadvantage of this complex is a constructive flaw milling rotary device.

A common disadvantage of these structures is the low quality of soil removal from the underlying layer of roads during their construction. At the same time, excess soil is either removed from the underlying layer, making construction more expensive, or part of the soil, saturated with organic particles, remains at the base of the road, rotting over time, resulting in subsidence and dips on the road. In addition, much of the soil needed to improve the efficiency of agriculture is lost during the construction of roads.

Also known unit for excavation, taken as a prototype, containing the upper frame, lower frame, conveyor chain, drive shaft, supporting shaft and buckets (CN 100354481 C). The disadvantage of the unit is the design flaw, which consists in the absence of an energy device, a passive cultivator, a motorway and hydropneumatic accumulators, as a result of which it is impossible to ensure good soil removal when it is used to form the underlying layer of roads on uneven terrain.

The objective of the invention is to develop a unit for removing soil from the underlying layer of a continuous road, providing improved quality of roads and reducing the cost of their construction by rational removal of soil from the underlying layer of the road.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed unit for removing soil from the underlying layer of the road, containing a device for removing soil, including frames, endless chains, buckets, cutting elements, unlike the prototype, has the following significant distinctive features:

- the unit contains an energy device;

- right frame and left frame are hinged to the middle frame of the soil removal device;

- the position of the right frame relative to the middle frame is controlled by a turning motor;

- the position of the left frame relative to the middle frame is controlled by two hydraulic cylinders controlling the left frame;

- console is hinged to the left frame;

- on the console there are rotary rollers and an asterisk driven by a hydraulic motor;

- the position of the console relative to the left frame is controlled by two telescopic hydraulic cylinders;

- on the middle frame and the right frame there are rollers, two swivel rollers and an asterisk driven by the propeller shaft;

- the lower rollers, the lower swivel roller and an asterisk are connected to the middle frame and the right frame by means of the hydraulic cylinders of the rollers communicating with the hydropneumatic accumulator controlling the rollers;

- on the right frame there is a link installed, the position of which is controlled by two tension hydraulic cylinders, which communicate with the hydro-pneumatic accumulator of the tension of the chains;

- two endless chains girdle the rollers, swivel rollers and sprockets;

- buckets with a lower blade, side blade and a cantilever blade are attached to the chains;

- to the middle frame and the right frame of the device for removing soil, the frames of rippers are hinged;

- the frames of the rippers are also connected to the middle frame and the right frame by means of the hydraulic cylinders of the rippers communicating with the hydropneumatic accumulator of the management of the rippers;

- hollow axles are installed in the framework of the rippers;

- the cutting elements of passive rippers are installed in the holders welded inside the hollow axles, and fixed in the slots of the hollow axles by turning against the direction of their rotation;

- cutting elements are deployed along a single helix so that the helix sections of the next passive ripper are a continuation of the helix sections of the previous passive ripper;

- the profiles of the front edges of the cutting elements are rotated in a spiral of Archimedes, according to the formula ρ = (180-220) ϕ, where ρ is the distance, ϕ is the angle of rotation;

- a soil removal device is connected to the energy device by means of a linkage controlled by the hydraulic cylinder of the linkage control;

- the engine is located inside the housing of the energy device;

- on the one hand, the torque from the engine goes to the gearbox and hydraulic pump;

- from the gearbox torque is fed to the power take-off box, and from it to the drive shaft;

- on the other hand, the torque from the engine enters the variator, from it to the side clutches;

- the energy device relies on rollers through leashes, and rollers - on tracks;

- the case of the energy device is also connected to the rollers by means of hydraulic cylinders;

- the hydraulic cylinders of the motor horizon are connected with the hydraulic equipment of the motor horizon attached to the body;

- on the case of the energy device there are also installed a hydropneumatic accumulator for controlling the rollers, a hydropneumatic accumulator for tensioning the chains, and a hydropneumatic accumulator for controlling the rippers.

The combination of known and distinctive essential features of the proposed unit for the removal of soil from the underlying layer of the road is not known from the prior art and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the unit for removing soil from the underlying layer of the road, left view; in fig. 2 is a diagram of the unit, top view (hydraulic cylinders are not shown); in fig. 3 type A; in fig. 4 - type B; in fig. 5 - type G; in fig. 6 - type D; in fig. 7 - section bb, replacement scheme of the cutting element; in fig. 8 shows a device for removing soil in the transport position.

To the housing 1 (Fig. 1, 2) of the energy device is attached a hydraulic tank 3, a hydraulic system of the motor level 5, a power take-off 6 with a safety device. Leashes 7 are also attached to the body, driven by hydraulic cylinders of the leveling 8. Drivers 2 and rollers 4 are installed on the leashes. The driving wheels and rollers are girded with tracks 25. A hinge 10 is pivotally attached to the body, changing the position of the middle frame 24 relative to the energy device. The left frame 20 is pivotally attached to the middle frame, and the console 21 is attached to it. The left frame relative to the middle frame is controlled by two hydraulic cylinders controlling the left frame 18, and the console relative to the left frame is controlled by two telescopic hydraulic cylinders 19. The right frame is hinged to the middle frame. 27 (FIG. 3) whose position relative to the middle frame is controlled by a turning motor 23. The rollers 28 and the sprocket 30 driven by the driveshaft 9 (FIGS. 1, 2) from the duct are connected to the middle frame and the right frame by means of hydraulic cylinders of the rollers 29 power takeoff ki. On the middle frame, right frame, left frame and console, there are also swivel rollers 26 (Fig. 3). The upper swivel roller is attached to the right frame by means of the backstage 32, the position of which is controlled by two tensioning cylinders 31. Another star is also mounted on the console, driven by a lifting motor 22. The sprockets, rollers and swivel rollers are covered by two chains 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) with buckets fixed on them 12. On buckets there is (Fig. 5, 6) lower blade “H”, right blade “P” and cantilever blade “K”. To the middle frame and right frame attached frame rippers 13 (Fig. 1, 2). They have hollow axles 14, in which cutting elements 15 are located. Cutting elements in hollow axes (FIG. 7) are mounted on holders 44, and the slots into which cutting elements are inserted are protected by rings 45. Brackets are welded to the middle frame and right frame. 17 (FIG. 1), and in them are installed the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the rippers 16, also attached to the frames of the rippers. The body of the energy device (Fig. 4) is attached: a cab 43, a hydropneumatic accumulator for controlling rippers 34, a hydropneumatic accumulator for controlling rollers 35, a hydropneumatic accumulator for tensioning chains 36. Hydropneumatic accumulators are connected respectively: with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinders for controlling rippers, with drawers, and by drawers. tension. Inside the housing of the power device, there is a hydraulic control cylinder of the hinge 33 and an engine 37. A gearbox 41 is connected to the engine (transmission unit), which transmits torque to the power take-off box and a hydraulic pump 42. A variable circuit 40 is attached to the engine, from which torque on the side clutches 39, from them - on the drive shafts of the tracks 38, then from the drive wheels to the tracks.

If the surface relief is very flat, the operator, before starting work, switches on the hydraulic equipment of the auto-horizontal in automatic mode. In this mode, the housing of the energy device and the soil removal device will be in a strictly horizontal position. When the tracks hit the microro irregularities, the hydraulic equipment of the auto-horizon supplies the working fluid to the required hydraulic cylinders of the auto-horizontal. They act on the leads, and the leads on the rollers and driving wheels, changing their position so that the body remains in a strictly horizontal position. If the surface relief is more complicated, the operator sets the necessary body roll to the hydraulic equipment of the motor vehicle, or controls the body position of the power device and the soil removal device manually.

The operator then moves the soil removal device from the transport position (Fig. 8) to the working position (Fig. 3). To do this, he turns the console 38 ° through telescopic hydraulic cylinders. After that, by means of hydraulic cylinders for controlling the left frame turns the left frame at the same angle, but in the opposite direction. Then, by turning motor, it rotates the right frame by 180 °, and by means of tension hydraulic cylinders, it tightens the chains.

After that, the operator of the hitch control hydraulic cylinder lowers the soil removal device so that it does not touch the soil. Then he lowers the passive rippers on the ground and starts moving the unit forward. The operator sets such pressure in the hydropneumatic accumulator of the control of the rippers, at which the cutting elements would plunge into the soil completely, but there was no excessive load on the hollow axes of the passive rippers.

Cutting elements of passive rippers loosen the soil. Without stopping the movement of the unit, the operator puts the hitch control hydraulic cylinders into the “floating” position and turns on the power take-off drive. Torque from the engine through the gearbox, power take-off, propeller shaft, sprocket enters the chain. At the same time, the working fluid from the hydraulic pump enters the lift motor, which also generates torque transmitted through an asterisk to the chain. The angular speed of the shaft of the lift motor is synchronized with the angular speed of the propeller shaft. Buckets cut into loosened soil (Fig. 1, 3). In this case, the lower blade “H” (FIG. 5) cuts off the soil layer from the bottom, the right blade “P” - from the side, and the cantilevered blade “K” partially cuts the soil layer from the bottom for the next bucket. When moving from right to left (Fig. 3) the buckets are filled with soil. By setting the desired pressure in the hydro-pneumatic accumulator of the roller control, the operator adjusts the depth of the bucket so that it removes only the soil layer, without affecting the ground below. By setting the desired pressure in the hydro-pneumatic accumulator of the tension of the chains, it affects the trajectory of the buckets in depth. The lifting motor drives the buckets with the soil upwards. Swivel rollers on the console are installed so that the soil from the effects of gravity and centrifugal force of inertia poured into a mobile vehicle "M". The operator regulates the speed of the unit with a variator so that the buckets do not overflow. It changes the direction of movement of the unit by means of the side clutches. Buckets and chains are protected from breakage by a safety device in the power take-off, which is triggered by an increase in soil resistance above the permissible limit, disabling the drive chains and side clutches.

At the big wear of the cutting elements there will be a necessity of their replacement. In hollow axes, slits are diametrically arranged in pairs (Fig. 7). Holders are inserted into the slots and welded to the hollow axes on one side of the slots, and the remaining free portions of the slots consist of two sections, one of which corresponds to the width of the outer part of the cutting element, and the other - the width of its inner part. To remove a worn cutting element located in position III, it together with the ring is rotated relative to the hollow axis in the direction of its rotation to position II. Then, gradually rotating in the opposite direction and removing (position I), remove the worn cutting element. Install a new cutting element in the reverse order. The cutting element is set to position III, and then the ring is turned so that its antennae extend beyond the front edges of the cutting element. After work is completed, the operator transfers the soil removal device to the transport position (Fig. 8).

Using the proposed unit to remove soil from the underlying layer of the highway will improve the quality of roads, reduce the cost of their construction, save the soil from the underlying layer of roads for its use in agriculture, reduce the time and complexity of replacing the cutting elements of passive rippers.

Claims (1)

Unit for removing soil from the underlying layer of the road, containing a device for removing soil, including frames, endless chains, buckets, cutting elements, characterized in that the unit additionally contains an energy device, the right frame and the left frame are hinged to the middle frame of the soil removal device the right frame relative to the middle frame is controlled by the hydraulic motor turning, and the position of the left frame relative to the middle frame is controlled by two hydraulic cylinders for controlling the left frame, and a pivotally attached hinge to the left frame The olus, on which the swivel rollers and the sprocket are driven by a lifting motor and whose position relative to the left frame is controlled by two telescopic hydraulic cylinders, on the middle frame and the right frame are mounted the rollers, two swivel rollers and an asterisk driven by the PTO shaft, while the lower rollers, the lower swivel roller and an asterisk are connected to the middle frame and the right frame by means of the hydraulic cylinders of the rollers communicating with the hydro-pneumatic accumulator of the roller control, in addition, there are cool lines on the right frame Sa, whose position is controlled by two tension hydraulic cylinders communicating with a hydro-pneumatic accumulator of tension chains, two endless chains surround rollers, swivel rollers and sprockets, and buckets with a lower blade, side blade and cantilever blade are attached to the chains, to the middle frame and right frame of the soil removal device the frames of the rippers are hinged, which are also connected to the middle frame and the right frame by means of the hydraulic cylinders of the rippers communicating with the hydropneumatic accumulator of the management of the rippers, within the framework of holders have hollow axles, while the cutting elements of passive rippers are installed in holders welded inside hollow axles, and fixed in the slots of hollow axes by turning against the direction of their rotation, in addition, the cutting elements are turned along a single spiral so that the helix sections of the next passive ripper are continuation of sections of the spiral of the previous passive ripper, and the profiles of the front edges of the cutting elements are rotated along the Archimedes spiral according to the formula ρ = (180-220) ϕ, where ρ is the distance, ϕ is the turning angle one soil removal device is connected to the energy device by means of a linkage controlled by the control cylinder of the hinge, the engine is located inside the energy device housing, while on one side the torque from the engine goes to the gearbox and hydraulic pump, from the gearbox to the power take-off box, and from it - on the drive shaft, and on the other hand, the torque from the engine goes to the variator, from it to the side clutches, the energy device rests on the rollers through leashes, and the rollers - on caterpillars, the body of the energy device is connected to the rollers also by means of hydraulic cylinders of the motor horizontal, and the hydraulic cylinders of the motor horizontal are connected to the hydraulic equipment of the motor horizontal, attached to the body, on which the hydraulic control accumulator of the roller control is also installed, the hydraulic control accumulator of chain tension, the hydraulic accumulator of control of chain rollers, hydraulic control accumulator of chain tension

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