RU2686506C1 - Method for protection of ground fires - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: method of protection against grass-roots fires refers to fire prevention measures, namely to prevention of occurrence and propagation of ground fires. Method consists in creation of fire barriers by treatment of vegetation cover and surface of growing trees at height of up to three meters by solution, along section of protected territory and to depth depending on "sheet index" of territory by fire retardant before fire hazardous season. Treatment of fire hazardous territory is performed after snow melting at ambient temperature exceeding +5 °C. Weather-resistant fire-retardant fire retardant (Pirilaks type) is sprayed with portable knapsack sprayer by continuous processing of protected area with due allowance for consumption rates corresponding to said fire retardant and " sheet index" of the territory.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at improvement of efficiency of prevention of occurrence and propagation of ground fires for three years, and also promotes physical preservation of soil cover of territories, which in its turn provides ecological safety.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of fire prevention measures, namely the prevention of the occurrence and spread of ground fires.

There is a method of localizing a forest fire, which includes laying a barrier mineralized strip formed by removing the moss-lichen cover from the soil surface with subsequent sheltering of the frozen soil on the laid strip of the previously removed layer of moss-lichen cover. The barrier mineralized strip is formed by cutting a drainage slot in the ground with laying the soil removed from it on a layer of forest combustible materials adjacent to it and then closing the edges of the drainage slot. (Patent RU, No. 2170119, IPC А62С 3/02, declared. 06/20/2000, Bull. No. 19, publ. 10.07.2001). The disadvantage of this method is the limited use, because it is used in frozen ground conditions; the width of the strip is limited by the distance between the growing trees, which is usually 0.5-1.5 m and is insufficient for effective protection against fire.

There is a method of localizing and limiting the spread of fires in linear protective forest stands by dividing forest plantations into blocks 250-300 m long and equal to the width of the plantings, which usually equals 10-60 m. In the transverse direction, 10 m wide gaps are cut at the end trees at breaks reduce the height to 2.5-3.0 m by cutting the tops and upper branches of the trunks, create protective fire-prevention screens by wetting the trunks and branches 1 time before budding with a non-refractory solution of the following composition A: water - 90, or monomineral polymineral clay - 9 and 1% - synthetic thermoplastic adhesive: polyacrylic, polyamide or polyvinyl acetate. Mineralized strip is plowed in the forest plantations and in the gaps, which are treated 1 time per 2 years with herbicides that prevent the growth of grassy vegetation (Patent RU, No. 2210414, IPC А62С 3/02, declared 27.05.2002, Bul. No. 23, publ. . August 20, 2003).

The disadvantage of this method is its applicability only for linear plantings of artificial origin, the need to use non-commercial component - monomineral or polymineral clay.

The closest to the claimed method to the technical essence is a method of limiting the spread of forest fires, which is the creation of fire barriers in all tiers of the forest by spraying non-fusible materials perpendicular to the direction of the fire. As non-insoluble materials, materials that harden in air at P = 1 ± 5% at and (15 ± 5) ° C≤T≤50 ° C are used to increase the specific surface of the forest canopy, where P is pressure, T is temperature (Author certificate No. 1134202, IPC А62С 3/02, declared 25.10.1982, Byul. No. 2, publ. 15.01.1985).

The disadvantage of this method is that it can be used to limit the spread and prevent high forest fires with non-soluble materials hardening at certain temperatures and air pressures. Hardening materials form the screen of long thin filaments, which is ineffective for the spread of bottom fire.

The present invention is to increase the effectiveness of preventing the occurrence and spread of ground fires.

This task is solved by the fact that in the method of protection against downstream fires, including the creation of fire barriers, by spraying non-combustible materials, namely, a solution of flame retardant on the vegetation cover, including the surface of growing trees to a height of 3 meters, along the plot of the protected area and to a depth depending on the “leaf index” of the territory before the onset of the fire hazard season.

In order to prevent downstream fires from moving, preventive treatment with weatherproof flame retardant solution of the flame retardant of the entire vegetation cover in the protected area, including the surface of growing trees to a height of three meters, is taken into account, taking into account the consumption norms per square meter and the sheet index of the territory. The area of the cultivated area depends on fire hazards (wind rose, relief pattern, type of vegetation, and others).

An example of the method

Processing of the fire hazardous area is carried out before the onset of the fire hazardous spring-summer season, after the snow melts, at an ambient temperature of more than + 5 ° С. The weather-resistant flame retardant fire retardant (Pirilax-type) is sprayed using a portable backpack sprayer by continuous processing of the protected area, taking into account the consumption norms per square meter and the "sheet index" of the territory that corresponds to this fire retardant.

Along the forest road, passing in a pine forest, processing is carried out at a width of 10 meters on each side. The flame retardant consumption is not less than 3000 g / m ² (the usual consumption rate of this flame retardant per square meter is 280 g / m ² , increased by 11 times the “sheet index” of pine forest). Flame retardant is applied over the entire surface of the soil cover, vegetation, and the surface of all growing trees to a height of up to three meters.

Using the proposed method increases the effectiveness of preventing the occurrence and spread of bottom fire in comparison with known methods through the use of weather-resistant flame retardant flame retardant, this guarantees protection for up to 3 years and does not physically disturb the soil cover of the territories, which in turn ensures environmental safety.

The application of this method is most effective in places of possible occurrence and spread of fires, including the places where people stay in the forest, forest and field roads, outskirts of settlements, borders of fields and hay fields, valuable forest plantations and specially protected areas, national parks, reserves and other status areas.

Claims (1)

The method of protection against ground fires, characterized by the creation of fire dampers, by spraying non-combustible materials, namely, flame retardant solution onto the vegetation cover, including the surface of growing trees to a height of 3 m, along the area of the protected area and to a depth depending on the area’s leaf index offensive fire season.