RU2684599C1 - Device for inoculation of seed material in the seeding zone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to inoculating machines with devices for application of nutrient solutions and other liquid chemical media into the soil. Device comprises a housing of ploughshare (1) fixed on hollow post (2), chamber (6) for treatment of seeds, seed duct (3), supply pipeline (5) for supply of liquid agrochemicals and jet (7). In hollow post (2) there are mounted deflecting (4) and guide (10) plates for seed flow, offset relative to each other in vertical plane, installed at an angle α=20–22° relative to vertical towards ploughshare motion vector and β=10–15° from the vertical to the side opposite to the vector of the ploughshare motion, respectively. Plates (4, 10) provide formation of plane-parallel seed flow on slope surface (9). Sloping surface (9) is continuation of guide plate (10). In chamber (6) for treatment of seeds there is pitched surface (9), in the center of which there is pipeline (5) for supply of liquid agrochemicals. Surface of pipeline (5) at interaction with flow of seed material provides its uniform redistribution on slope surface (9). At the end of jet (7) reflecting plate (8) is fixed, the upper edge of which is installed at the level of the upper point of the outlet hole of jet (7), and they are fixed on the back side of ramp surface (9).EFFECT: higher quality of performing the technological process of seeds treatment with protective-stimulating substances at the moment of sowing and simplification of the device design.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, devices for inoculating cereal seeds at the time of sowing.

There is a method of introducing nitrogen-fixing bacteria into the soil, which consists in pre-sowing seed treatment with a bacterial preparation based on strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. When implementing this method, the treated seeds are sown on the same day in moist soil. (Recommendations for the rational use of rhizotorfin for soybeans in southern Ukraine. All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology. Simferopol - 1985; G.S. Pospypanov et al. Substantiation of parameters for the optimal supply of peas and soybeans with water, phosphorus, boron and molybdenum for active symbiotic nitrogen fixation - Izvestia TSKHA, issue 2, 1985, pp. 40-42; L.I. Vorobyov, Technical Microbiology, Moscow State University, 1987, p. 95).

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that it is necessary to process large masses of seeds in a short time before sowing. But pre-treatment of seeds with strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria before sowing is difficult due to their high or complete death if the seeds were not sown during the day. After that, the seeds are again treated on the day of sowing. Secondly, manual seed processing is laborious and inefficient.

A known method of inoculation of soybean seeds, comprising treating the seeds with rhizotorfin. According to the method, rhizotorfin is added to the furrows when sowing seeds (Mineral and biological nitrogen in agriculture. M: Nauka, 1985, p. 155-156).

The disadvantage of this method is that with the obligatory use of agricultural technology - the introduction of herbicides before sowing, the bacterial activity decreases. A dry spring increases cell loss during inoculation, resulting in a decrease in the number of beans in the plant and the amount of nitrogen in the soil. All this reduces the effectiveness of the method.

A known method of making bacterial fertilizers (seed inoculation) (RU 2137340). The essence of this method is that phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied 10-15 days before sowing legumes, and microelements are added during the sowing period.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that the application of fertilizers is impersonal in relation to the distribution of seed material of cereals or other crops, which reduces the efficiency of using the potential of nitrogen-fixing fertilizers, vegetation, and, ultimately, adversely affects the productivity of manufactured products.

Known combined tool for tillage and fertilizing (and.with. No. 917759), containing a metering device connected to the pipe of the driven working body, installed behind leading to the depth of seed placement.

The disadvantage of this tool is that it has increased metal consumption and manufacturing complexity. In addition, the distribution of seeds along the width of the grip of the paw is not ensured due to a decrease in the speed of movement of the seed material in the wet seed tube and clogging of the seed pipe by dusty inclusions.

A device for treating seeds in a seeder (a.s. No. 1503695) is known, which contains a container for liquid substances in communication with a pipe having a nozzle for supplying liquid to the mixer at the end. The mixer is made in the form of a curved dihedral wedge mounted on the nozzle and a pear-shaped nozzle covering it with increasing curvature along the course of the fluid and having a vertical cutout for the passage of seeds at the end. A stirrer is installed in the liquid tank. An ejection channel is made in the outlet pipe, and the nozzle is in communication with the tank by means of a pipe, the end of which is installed in the zone of the ejection channel.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of manufacturing, high metal consumption and low quality of the technological process of sowing seeds due to the sticking of the dust fraction of the soil on the wet structural elements of the device.

A known plant for seed dressing in a seeder (a.s. No. 1132816), containing containers for chemicals and seeds, a mixing device kinematically connected with a seed meter, a pitched device and a collection of excess chemicals.

The disadvantage of this installation is the increased contamination by dusty inclusions of moist seed tubes during operation of this installation in production conditions and, as a result, the quality of the technological process of sowing seeds is reduced.

A device for sowing seeds (a.s. No. 865169) is known, comprising a chamber for seed treatment, which is made in the form of two compartments located one above the other, the upper of which is provided with a central vertical nozzle located coaxially with the vas deferens and connected to a foaming mixer by means of a tangential nozzle . For seed treatment, an inclined pipeline is installed under the chamber with a spray located at its end, which is made in the form of a cantilever rod transverse to the outlet.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of manufacture and the associated large costs for the production of this kind of technical devices. In addition, according to the description, the processing of seeds in the device is carried out in a foam layer in two compartments of the chamber, which leads to an uneven supply of seeds to the seed bed. The device implements only ordinary row seeding, which does not provide an even distribution of seeds over the nutrition area.

The closest in technical essence of the claimed device (prototype) is a device for mechanized inoculation of seeds in a seeder (RU 97587), containing a hollow stand and a chamber made in the form of a zone limited by left-side and right-sided seed dispensers mounted at the end of the hollow stand at an angle of 45 °, and a baffle mounted horizontally on the base of the nozzle of the inlet pipe for supplying liquid agrochemicals, which is installed at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical Ali or mounted on the side opposite to the installation location of the coulter body.

The disadvantage of this device is the significant complexity of manufacturing and the associated large costs for the production of this kind of technical devices.

The task of the invention is to improve the quality of the technological process of seed treatment (mechanized inoculation of seeds, mainly cereals) with protective stimulating substances (bacterial preparations) at the time of sowing and simplifying the design of the device.

The problem is solved in that in the proposed device containing the opener body, a hollow stand, a chamber for seed treatment, a seed tube, a supply pipe for supplying liquid agrochemicals, according to the proposed device, the hollow stand has two mutually oppositely inclined plates, offset relative to each other in a vertical the plane, the chamber for seed treatment contains a pitched surface made in the form of a cisoid curve, a nozzle for supplying liquid agrochemicals, a reflective plate Steen at the gathering nozzle mounted on the end of a sloped surface, and a pipe for supplying liquid agrochemicals passes through the center of ramp surface.

In figures 1, 2 presents a diagram of a device for mechanized inoculation of seeds in a seeder. FIG. 1 is a side view, FIG. 2 - rear view.

The device comprises a coulter body 1 mounted on a hollow stand 2, a seed processing chamber 6, a seed tube 3, a supply pipe 5 for supplying liquid agrochemicals, a nozzle 7 with a reflective plate 8 installed at its end, mounted on the reverse side of the ramp surface 9, and two plates 4 and 10, mounted in a hollow rack 2. The plate 4 deflecting the seed flow, installed at an angle α = 20-22 ° relative to the vertical in the direction of movement of the coulter, provides a flow of seeds moving in the opposite direction from the eyelids torch of the coulter movement to the side, to the guide plate 10 and partially to the pitched surface 9. The guide plate 10, fixed at an angle β = 10-15 ° from the vertical to the side opposite from the coulter motion vector, provides a concentrated seed flow to the pitched surface 9. Pitched the surface, made according to the cisoid curve and installed as a continuation of the guide plate 10, provides transportation of the seed stream to the spray torch of liquid agrochemicals, due to the work of the reflective plate Stina 8 with elastic deformation of the flow of liquid agrochemicals. To increase the uniformity of the distribution of the spray pattern across the width of the pitched surface, the upper edge of the reflective plate is installed at the level of the upper point of the nozzle outlet. The installation of a pipeline for supplying liquid agrochemicals 5 in the center of the pitched surface ensures uniform redistribution of the seed flow over its surface.

A device for inoculation of seed in the seeding zone works as follows.

Seeds through the vas deferens 3 from the seeder hopper (not shown in Fig.) Fall into the hollow rack 2, where, interacting with two mutually oppositely inclined plates offset from each other in the vertical plane, they are formed in a plane-parallel flow and enter the pitched surface 9. Interacting with the surface of the pipeline for supplying liquid agrochemicals 5 seeds are additionally redistributed across the width of this surface. At the same time, from the inlet pipe 5, through the nozzle 7, a liquid agrochemical is supplied under pressure to the reflection plate 8, where this flow is elasticly deformed and sprayed in the chamber 6. Seeds moving along the ramp surface 9 are moved into the chamber 6 through a sprayed liquid agrochemical and processed by him.

Using the present invention will eliminate the main drawback of existing inventions - the sticking of moist soil particles to the structural elements of the vas deferens, to improve the quality of the processing of seeds with protective-stimulating substances (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) at the time of sowing, to provide tape sowing of seeds of grain crops and to simplify the design of the device.

Claims (1)

A device for inoculation of seed material in the sowing zone, comprising a coulter body mounted on a hollow stand, a seed treatment chamber, a seed tube, a supply pipe for supplying liquid agrochemicals, characterized in that the plates deflecting and guiding the seed flow are mounted in the hollow stand, offset relative to each other each other in the vertical plane, installed at an angle α = 20-22 ° relative to the vertical to the direction of the opener motion vector and β = 10-15 ° from the vertical to the side opposite from the motion vector opener, respectively, ensuring the formation of a plane-parallel seed flow on a pitched surface, which is a continuation of the guide plate, a pitched surface is installed in the seed treatment chamber, in the center of which there is a pipeline for supplying liquid agrochemicals, the surface of which, when interacting with it, the flow of seed material ensures its uniform redistribution over a sloping surface, a jet with a reflective plate fixed at its end, the upper edge of which is anovlen at the top of the outlet nozzle, fixed to the reverse side sloping surface.

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