RU2681692C1 - High-frequency data exchange system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automatic adaptive high-frequency packet radio communication. To achieve a technical result, (n+m+1) high-frequency ground station is introduced, connected by two-way connections to corresponding inputs/outputs of control center and HF radio channels "Earth-Earth" to those HF ground stations, which are in the zone of stable communication single-jump track, as well as high-frequency ground stations according to the number of air traffic control centers and air lines, connected to them by two-way communications and over high-frequency radio channels "Earth-Earth" to those high-frequency ground stations, which are in the zone of stable connection of single-hop route.EFFECT: broader functional capabilities of the system, specifically selecting an optimum radio channel and operating frequency for a single-hop route, an optimum route, establishment of communication with the required subscriber due to bypassing of the failed ground communication subsystem by means of high-frequency ground stations, available high-frequency on-board stations and transmission of messages between the system objects via the corresponding high-frequency radio channels and prompt correction of message delivery traffic to the corresponding subscriber in case of failure of high-frequency radio channels assigned by the control center.1 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to automatic adaptive packet radio communication of the high-frequency (HF) band (3-30) MHz.

A known method of RF radio communication using HFDL (High Frequency Data Link) technology, based on the ARINC 635 specification [1], ARINC 753 specification [2], ARINC 634 manual [3], RTCA standards DO-265, DO-277 [4 , 5] (ARINC 635), optimizes in terms of communication reliability, spectral and economic efficiency, the Air-to-Earth packet communication system, in which a large number of aircraft (up to 2500) are served by a small number of frequency channels (up to 48-60) and ground stations (up to 16) in multiple access mode with time and frequency separation. The method of data exchange in the HFDL system is described in detail in [1, 6]. HFDL defines both channel compilation procedures with automatic selection of the operating frequency, and all other automatic communication procedures at all levels (physical, channel and subnet) with multi-parameter adaptation of the radio line in frequency, transmission speed, types of modulation and coding, as well as spatial diversity of terrestrial stations guaranteeing reliability (residual probability of error) not worse than 10 ^-6 . The HFDL system uses the same set of frequencies for channelization and communication. High spectral efficiency of the system is achieved through the use of the combined protocol of multiple access to the channel with frequency (FDMA) and time (TDMA) separation. The frequency separation protocol is ensured by the fact that different frequency channels (from two to six) are assigned to different HF ground stations (HF NS). The TDMA protocol is ensured by the fact that the usage time of each frequency channel is divided into 32-second frames, and each frame is divided into 13 temporary access slots with a duration of 2.461538 s, equal to the transmission time of one data packet of 2.343888 s plus 117.65 ms per propagation delay time uncertainty and desynchronism in a radio link. At all HF frequencies, ground stations periodically (in the first slot of each frame) emit marker signals, the quality of which is estimated by airplanes when choosing a communication frequency. The aircraft selects for communication any channel whose marker signal quality is acceptable or best, is registered on this channel at the ground station and communicates on it until the channel quality meets the required level. Multiple aircraft can choose one communication channel and register on it. Each HFDL HF channel of the system is used by all aircraft registered on it in time division multiple access mode. The TDMA protocol is controlled by the HF ground station by transmitting slot assignment signals reserved on-board requests, random access slots and slots for transmitting from the ground in the signals. The HF ground station predicts the system characteristics (packet transmission delay) on each of its frequency channels and sets the channel busy flag in the marker when a critical number of aircraft registered on the channel to stop new correspondents from accessing it and guarantee the specified system characteristics (packet transmission delay not more than acceptable). The simplicity of predicting system characteristics in the HFDL system is largely determined by the fact that all messages in the system (ringing and communication) have the same standard duration equal to a slot and are transmitted using a single TDMA protocol on a common set of frequencies. Depending on the quality of the channel and the amount of transmitted data, the optimal type of multi-position phase manipulation and coding is selected in the message. At the same time, the user data transfer rate changes, but the message duration and the symbol rate of 1800 baud provided by the single-modem do not change.

The equipment of the HFDL HFDL RF packet data exchange system, which provides communication between long-range airplanes and air traffic control (ATC) and air traffic control (UAL) control centers for air traffic safety, is described in detail in [1-6].

The block diagram of the HFDL RF packet data exchange system consists of:

- HF airborne station (HF BS);

- HF ground station (HF NS);

- control center (CC) RF data exchange system;

- air traffic control and air traffic control center (ATC and UAL);

- ground communications subsystem used by the HFDL HF system;

- HF NS interface with the ground communication subsystem;

- the interface of the control center with the ground communication subsystem;

- the interface of the air traffic control and UAE points with the ground communication subsystem;

- HF radio channel "Air-Earth" between the HF NS and HF BS.

Users of the HFDL system are air traffic control and airborne control centers on the ground and avionics on board an aircraft connected to the HF airborne station via the airborne router.

The HF airborne station includes:

- HFDL airborne transceiver;

- airborne antenna matching device (ACS);

- onboard HF antenna;

- control panel of the transceiver (PU);

- onboard router (BM);

- RF control device for data exchange;

- RF transceiver according to ARINC 719.

The RF airborne station is connected to the airborne router (BM) (a communication management unit that complies with ARINC 724 or 758 specifications), which sends (receives) packet messages to airborne sources / receivers of information (avionics) such as a multifunction control panel, display, printer, computer, maintenance systems, airborne navigation systems, electronic indication and alarm systems, navigation systems, etc. The on-board router is connected not only with the HF on-board station, but also with the on-board stations of other frequency ranges.

The HF ground station HF HFDL packet data exchange system (see [7], p. 60; and [8], p. 12) includes:

- HF radio transmitter;

- RF transmitting antenna;

- HF radio "Air-to-Earth";

- HF receiving antenna;

- RF modulator of a single-tone signal of multi-position phase shift keying;

- Air-to-Earth RF demodulator of a single-tone signal of multiposition phase manipulation;

- HF ground station controller;

- receiver of signals of uniform time;

- an interface device with a terrestrial communication network;

- a receiving antenna of signals of uniform time.

The HF ground station HF HFDL packet data exchange system includes:

- N RF transmitters associated with N transmitting RF antennas, an RF ground station controller, and N RF modulators;

- N RF Air-to-Earth receivers associated with a common RF receiving antenna, an RF ground station controller and N RF Air-to-Earth demodulators;

- N HF modulators associated with N HF transmitters and an HF ground station controller;

- N RF Air-to-Earth demodulators associated with N Air-to-Earth RF receivers and an RF ground station controller;

- an HF ground station controller associated with N RF Air-to-Earth receivers, N RF transmitters, N RF modulators, N Air-to-Earth RF demodulators, a single-time signal receiver, an interface device with a terrestrial communication network;

- an interface device with a terrestrial communication network connected to the HF NS controller on the one hand and, on the other hand, to a terrestrial communication network through an interface;

- a receiver of signals of a single time associated with the controller of the HF NS and with a receiving antenna of signals of a single time;

- a public RF receiving antenna connected to Air-to-Earth RF receivers;

- a receiving antenna of a single-time signal receiver connected to a single-time signal receiver;

- N transmitting RF antennas connected to N RF transmitters.

The structure of the ground communication subsystem used by the HFDL RF packet data exchange system recommended by the Aeronautical Mobile Communications Committee (AMSR) [5] includes:

- HF ground station (HF NS);

- the control center (CC) of the HFDL packet data exchange system;

- ATC and UAE control centers (ground users of the HFDL packet data exchange system);

- HF NS interface with the ground subsystem;

- HFDL control center interface with ground communication subsystem;

- The interface of air traffic control units and the airline with the ground communication subsystem;

- regional routers of a landline network;

- The interface between regional routers.

The terrestrial communications subsystem used by the HFDL HF packet data exchange system contains regional routers, interconnected by interfaces, with HF NS interfaces, with CC interfaces, with control centers interfaces.

The HFDL HFDL packet data exchange system provides the exchange of data packets between on-board users of the mentioned system (on-board electronic equipment) connected to the HF on-board station via the on-board router and ground users of the HFDL HFDL packet data exchange system (air traffic control and UAL control centers), as well as the control center The RF packet data exchange system is as follows. To ensure a given level of communication reliability in the area of responsibility of each HF ground station from the general list of HF frequencies (48-60 OBP channels) allocated to the HFDL system, a control center for the HF data exchange system is assigned for each HF ground station for each time interval of a day of duration 1-2 hours a set of 2-6 active frequencies, optimal according to the conditions of propagation of radio waves and electromagnetic compatibility, bring the assigned set of frequencies along with the time interval of its activation to each RF ground station the subsystem of terrestrial communication, thus realizing the frequency-division multiple access protocol, breaks down the time of use of each frequency channel into time frames of 32 s duration, and each frame is divided into 13 time slots of 2.461538 s duration to implement the channel multiple access protocol time division multiplexed (TDMA).

At the end of each frame at each RF ground station, for each slot of the next frame, this slot is assigned to be used for transmission from the ground or for transmission from a specific board upon its preliminary request for an access slot, or for transmissions from any side in random access mode.

Marker signals are emitted from each HF ground station at all active frequencies in the first slot of each frame, which contain the destination for each slot in the current frame, as well as receipts for messages received from the HF BS in the previous two frames.

At each HF airborne station, the best communication frequency (HF radio channel "Air-Earth") is selected based on the results of assessing the quality of reception of marker signals.

Each HF airborne station is registered on the HF channel selected by it on the HF ground station corresponding to this channel, packet data is exchanged in TDMA mode via the Air-to-HF radio channel between the HF ground station and the HF airborne station that is registered with it, until , while the quality of the HF radio channel "Air-Earth" exceeds the permissible level. If the quality of the RF radio channel deteriorates below an acceptable level, a new RF radio channel is selected for the on-board station and it is registered on the newly selected RF radio channel. Packet data is exchanged through the ground-based communication network between the HF ground stations and the control center of the HF communication system, as well as by users of the communication system — air traffic control and UAL control centers.

In the process of exchanging packet data, a packet message for the air traffic controller or UAV dispatcher containing the address of the recipient — the air traffic controller or UAV dispatch point, as well as the sender address (ICAO board address), is formed in the on-board communication control unit (on-board router), transmitted to the HF airborne station, where it is packaged in a packet designed for transmission over an HF radio channel, then it is transmitted over an HF radio channel to an HF ground station at which the HF airborne station is registered, where it is packaged in a package intended for transmission over Istemi terrestrial communications, and transmitted via the interface to the subsystem ground communications, where the interface is transmitted to the control room or Wal ATC.

A burst message for the control unit containing the address of the recipient — the control unit, as well as the address of the sender (ICAO board address), is formed in the HF on-board station, where it is packaged in a package designed for transmission via the HF radio channel, transmitted via the HF radio channel to the HF ground station, to of which the HF airborne station is registered, where it is packaged in a package intended for transmission via the ground communication subsystem, transmitted through the interface to the ground communication subsystem, from where it is transmitted through the interface to the control center.

In the opposite direction, a packet message from the air traffic control unit and the UAF containing the address of the recipient (ICAO board address), as well as the address of the sender - the air traffic control unit and the UAF, are formed at the air traffic control unit or the UAF, transmit it through the interface to the ground subsystem, from where the packet is transmitted through the interface to the HF ground station at which the HF airborne station is registered, the destination, where it is packaged in a package designed for transmission via the HF radio channel, and then transmitted via the HF radio channel to the HF airborne station tions - to the addressee.

A batch message from the control center for the board containing the address of the recipient (ICAO board address), as well as the sender's address - control center, is formed in the control center, transmitted through the interface to the ground subsystem, from where it is transmitted through the interface to the HF ground station, on which the airborne station is registered station is the addressee, where it is packaged in a package intended for transmission over the HF radio channel, and transmitted over the HF radio channel to the board - destination.

In the event of a malfunction of the interface between the HF ground station and the ground subsystem, from this inaccessible to the land communication network HF ground station broadcast in marker signals for all HF airborne stations registered on it, on all active HF radio channels Air-to-Earth change of communication frequencies with the reason code “HF ground station malfunction”, and then the exchange of packet data through HF radio channels “Air-Earth” between the HF ground station with a faulty interface and after egistrirovannymi her HF aircraft stations.

The disadvantages of the analogue are as follows:

- in the event of a technical malfunction of the interfaces of the HF ground station with the ground communication subsystem and the control center with the ground communication subsystem, i.e. in the event of inaccessibility of the HF NS and the control center for the ground communication subsystem, there is no duplication of faulty paths;

- HF airborne stations do not relay received radio signals.

An analogue is known for a technical solution based on technology and technical solutions of HFDL [9].

The RF packet data exchange system, which ensures the implementation of the processes, contains RF airborne stations connected via Air-to-Earth RF radio channels with RF ground stations, which in turn are connected to the control center of the mentioned system and to air traffic and air traffic control centers via the subsystem ground communications. Each HF ground station contains a HF ground station controller, which is associated with N RF transmitters connected to N HF transmit antennas, as well as N Air-to-Earth N receiver connected to a common HF receive antenna, with information inputs of N modulators a single-tone multiposition phase-shifted signal connected to N RF transmitters with information outputs of N air-to-Earth demodulators of a single-tone multiposition phase-shifted signal. N Air-to-Earth demodulators are connected to N RF receivers. The HF ground station controller is also connected to a single-time signal receiver connected to a single-time signal receiving antenna and to an interface device with a ground-based subsystem. Each RF ground station contains at least one additional RF ground-to-ground communication receiver and at least one additional ground-to-earth demodulator of a single-tone multiposition phase-shifted signal, the output of which is connected to the additional information input of the RF ground station controller, and the input is to the output of an additional RF receiver "Earth-Earth". The information input of the additional RF-receiver “Earth-Earth” is connected to a common RF receiving antenna, and its control input is connected to the additional control output of the controller of the RF ground station.

The disadvantages of the analogue include:

- when the control center of the HF packet data exchange system or a segment of the ground communication network fails, the control process of the system elements is violated, which will lead to a decrease in its efficiency and the inability to transmit information from control points through the HF ground station of the "last communication to the selected" important "aircraft whose crew requires urgent information;

- the use of ionospheric monitoring technology to select the best communication frequencies is not ensured;

- HF airborne stations do not provide relaying of received radio signals;

- in the HF airborne stations, the formation of accurate time signals from the output of the receiver of global navigation satellite systems is not provided.

Known HF packet data exchange system, which is taken as a prototype [10], containing HF airborne stations connected through HF radio channels "Air-Earth" with HF ground stations. They, in turn, are connected to the control center of the aforementioned system and to the control centers of air traffic control and airlines through the ground communication subsystem. Each HF ground station contains a HF ground station controller that is associated with N RF transmitters connected to N HF transmit antennas, N RF Air-to-Earth receivers connected to a common HF receive antenna and also connected to information inputs of N modulators a radio signal connected to N RF transmitters, information outputs of N air-to-Earth demodulators of a radio signal. Demodulators are connected to N RF receivers. The HF ground station controller is connected to a single-time signal receiver connected to a single-time signal receiving antenna and to an interface device with a ground-based subsystem. At each HF ground station, at least one HF Earth-to-Earth communications receiver and at least one Earth-to-Earth radio signal demodulator. The output of the Earth-to-Earth demodulator of the radio signal is connected to the information input of the RF ground station controller, and the input is to the output of the corresponding RF-Earth receiver. The information input of the RF receiver “Earth-Earth” is connected to a common RF receiving antenna, and the control input is connected to the corresponding control output of the controller of the RF ground station. In the on-board HF station, the on-board HF transceiver is connected on one side to the antenna matching device, and on the other hand to the HF data exchange control device, which is connected on the one hand to the on-board HF transceiver and, on the other hand, to the radio control unit and the on-board control unit router (BM). The antenna matching device is connected on one side to the on-board RF transceiver, and on the other hand, to the on-board RF antenna. HF airborne stations with the ability to relay messages received on HF radio channels Air-to-Earth from HF ground stations and HF radio channels Air-Air and from the corresponding HF airborne stations operate in relay mode. The leading HF ground station for the corresponding zone is connected to the ground-based subsystem via the Earth-to-Earth channels to the corresponding HF ground stations, including those inaccessible from the ground-based subsystem, and to the corresponding HF airborne radio channels “Earth-Air” stations requiring urgent information.

The HF ground station has HF demodulators of the radio signals of relayed messages and ionospheric monitoring signals, connected on the one hand to the HF controller of the ground station, and on the other hand, through H of the corresponding HF receivers for receiving relay messages and signals of ionospheric monitoring to a common HF receiving antenna, and their 2H control inputs are connected to the corresponding control outputs of the HF ground station controller.

The HF airborne station has a receiving RF antenna connected via K parallel RF receivers to the corresponding I / O of the RF data exchange control device, a message relay device connected to the corresponding input / output of the RF data exchange control device, a single-time signal receiver connected to the receiving antenna of the signals of a single time and to the corresponding input / output of the RF control device for data exchange.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:

- taking into account the geophysical features of the expensive subsystem of ground communications and the high cost of its organization, it is impossible to cover the territory of the country, therefore it covers only large settlements and airfields. Therefore, most of the territory is not “covered” by a reliable HF radio field;

- there is no possibility of duplication of a failed ground communication subsystem by the HF packet data exchange system, i.e. in the event of a malfunction, the aircraft will not receive control information, and from them - the relevant receipts;

- there is no possibility to promptly adjust the message delivery traffic to the corresponding subscriber in case of malfunction of the RF channels assigned by the control center due to lack of resources in the RF ground station and in the RF airborne station.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the system’s functionality, namely, the selection of the optimal radio channel and operating frequency for a one-hop track (radio link connecting two correspondents), the optimal route, establishing communication with the required subscriber due to the introduction of operations: bypassing a failed ground communication subsystem with using high-frequency ground stations, available high-frequency airborne stations and broadcasting messages between system objects on the corresponding high-frequency radio channels “Earth-Earth”, “Earth-Air”, “Air x-Earth ”,“ Air-Air ”from any subscriber of the system located in the stable communication zone of the one-hop track from the corresponding HF ground stations, introducing operational correction of the message delivery traffic to the corresponding subscriber in case of malfunction of the RF channels assigned by the control center.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known packet data exchange system containing HF airborne stations connected via HF radio channels "Air-Earth" with HF ground stations, which in turn are connected to the control center of the said system and to air traffic control centers and airlines (DP ATC and UAE) through the ground subsystem, in which each HF ground station contains a HF ground station controller, which is connected to control N radio transmitters connected connected to N RF transmitting antennas, with N RF Air-to-Earth radio receivers connected to a common RF receiving antenna, is also connected to the information inputs of N radio signal modulators connected to N RF radio transmitters, information outputs of N air-to-Earth demodulators of a radio signal, connected to N RF radios, in addition, the RF controller of the ground station is connected to a receiver of signals of a single time, connected to a receiving antenna of signals of a single time, and to an interface device with a subsystem of ground communications, on each RF The ground station contains at least one Earth-to-Earth RF radio receiver and at least one Earth-to-Earth radio signal demodulator, the output of which is connected to the information input of the RF ground station controller, and the input to the output of the corresponding Earth radio-frequency radio receiver -Earth ", the information input of which is connected to a common HF receiving antenna, and the control input is connected to the corresponding control output of the HF ground station controller, in the HF on-board station the on-board HF transceiver is connected with one on the other hand, to the antenna matching device (ACS), and on the other hand, to the RF data exchange control device, which is connected on the one hand to the on-board RF transceiver, and on the other hand to the control panel (PU) of the radio station and the on-board router (BM), ACS connected on the one hand to the onboard HF transceiver, on the other hand to the onboard HF antenna, while HF onboard stations can relay messages received on HF radio channels Air-Earth from HF ground stations and HF radio channels Air-Air from the corresponding HF airborne stations operating in relay mode, the (n + m + 1) th HF ground station is additionally connected, connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the control center and via HF radio channels “Earth-Earth” with those HF ground stations located in the stable communication zone of the one-hop track, as well as HF ground stations in terms of the number of ATC and UAE connected to them by two-way communications, and through HF radio channels “Earth-Earth” connected to those HF ground stations located in the live communication of a single-hop track, with n accessible and m inaccessible from the terrestrial communications subsystem HF ground stations are connected by RF Earth-to-Earth channels only to those HF ground stations that are in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track, r HF airborne stations, in including HF airborne stations that require urgent information, are connected by HF radio channels “Air-Air” to those HF airborne stations that are in the area of stable communication of a single-hop track, n <m <r, the number of airborne stations connected to each HF and RF radio channels of at least 3, a computer with a monitor, a control panel and a keyboard is connected to each HF ground station, connected by two-way communications to the HF ground station controller, and an on-board computer with a monitor, a control panel, a keyboard and an on-board receiver is introduced into each HF on-board station signals of global navigation satellite systems with a receiving antenna, connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the RF data exchange control device.

The structural diagram of a fragment of the claimed system is presented in figure 1, where the notation is introduced:

1 - HF airborne station (HF BS);

3 - control center (CC) HF packet data exchange system;

4 - air traffic control and airline control centers (ATC and UAF) (ground users of the RF packet data exchange system);

6 - the interface of the HF ground stations 30 and 36 with the subsystem 34 terrestrial communications;

7 - the interface of the control center 3 with the subsystem 34 of ground communications;

8 - interface DP 4 ATC and UAF with subsystem 34 of ground communications;

9 - HF radio channels “Earth-Air”, “Air-Earth” between HF ground stations 30, 35 and HF BS 1;

29 - HF radio channel "Earth-Earth" between HF ground stations 30, 35;

30 - HF ground station (HF NS);

34 - ground communication subsystem used by the RF packet data exchange system;

35 - inaccessible (from the subsystem of ground communication) HF NS;

36 - faulty (considered as an example) HF NS;

37 - HF airborne station (HF BS), the crew of which needs urgent information;

38 - HF radio channels "Air-Air" between HF BS, used for data exchange and relay messages;

41 - HF radio channels “Earth-Earth” between the (n + m + 1) -th HF ground station and those HF ground stations that are in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track;

42 - interfaces DP 4 ATC and UAF with HF ground stations 46 (according to the number of objects 4 management);

43 - HF radio channels “Earth-Earth” between HF ground stations 46 (according to the number of control points 4) and those HF ground stations that are in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track;

47 is the interface of the control center 3 with the (n + m + 1) th HF ground station 44.

Moreover, the HF airborne stations 1 are connected via HF radio channels 9 to HF ground stations 30, 35, and to each other via HF radio channels 38, if these objects are in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track. HF ground stations 30, 35, 36 are connected via interfaces 6 to the subsystem 34 of ground communication, which in turn is connected via interfaces 7 to the control center 3, through interfaces 8 to DP 4 of the air traffic control unit and the UAV, which in turn through interfaces 42 with HF ground stations 46 (according to the number of objects 4) and those HF ground stations 30, 35, which are in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track. In addition, HF airborne stations 1 through HF radio channels 9, HF ground stations 35, 30 are connected in 2 directions: through HF ground stations 46 to the corresponding AT 4 ATC and UAL or through HF ground stations 44 to the control center 3.

The stable communication zone of a one-hop transmission path of RF radio signals is characterized by a given probability of erroneous reception during a single reflection from the ionosphere, in which the maximum RF power of the RF signal is supplied to the receiving antenna. The working area of the HF NS or HF BS of the single-hop track is in the form of a “donut” with an internal radius of 500 km and an external ≈ 2500 km.

HF NS 36 is shown to be conditionally defective, therefore, it has no connections with HF BS 1 and 37. Traffic from HF BS, which are located in the stable communication zone of a single hop track, is built through other HF NS 30 and 35, and at the need through the designated HF BS 1. The traffic for the delivery of control information to the HF BS of the aircraft can be, for example, the following: TsU 3 - interface 7 - subsystem 34 - interface 6 - HF NS 30 ₂ - HF NS 35 ₂ - HF BS 1 ₃ . Or, if the subsystem 34 malfunctions bypassing it: ЦУ 3 - interface 47 - ВЧ НС 44 - ВЧ НС 35 ₁ - ВЧ НС 35 ₂ - ВЧ BS 1 ₃ . A receipt (report) can be delivered to control centers 4 of the air traffic control and airline control (ground-based users of the RF packet data exchange system) as follows: RF BS 1 ₃ - RF NS 35 ₃ - RF NS 30 ₃ - interface 6 - subsystem 34 - interface 8 is a corresponding ground user. Or bypassing subsystem 34: HF BS 1 ₃ - HF NS 35 ₃ - HF NS 30 ₃ - corresponding from HF NS 46 - interface 42 - ground user. All of these system objects must be located in the zone of stable communication of the single-hop track from each other.

Associated with the subsystem 34 of ground communication, the HF NS 30 are connected to inaccessible to the subsystem 34 HF NS 35 via HF radio channels "Earth-Earth". HF airborne station 37, the aircraft crew of which needs urgent information (or they have it), can be connected to the corresponding control room 4 of the air traffic control and airline control simultaneously along several component chains, for example: HF BS 1 ₃ - HF NS 35 ₃ - HF NS 30 ₃ - corresponding from HF NS 46 - interface 42 - ground user or via HF radio channels “Earth-Earth” bypassing subsystem 34: HF BS 1 _r - HF NS 35 _m - HF NS 30 _n - corresponding from HF NS 46 - interface 42 is a ground user.

The block diagram of the RF ground station 30 or 35, or 36 of the claimed RF packet data exchange system is shown in FIG. 2, where indicated:

5 - a computer with a monitor, remote control and keyboard;

17 - HF radio transmitter;

18 - RF transmitting antenna;

19 - HF radio receiver "Air-Earth";

20 - RF receiving antenna;

21 - RF modulator of the radio signal;

22 - HF demodulator of the HF radio channel "Air-Earth";

24 - receiver of signals of a single time;

25 is an interface device with a subsystem 34 of terrestrial communications;

26 - a receiving antenna of signals of uniform time;

31 - HF radio receiver HF radio channel "Earth-Earth";

32 - RF demodulator RF radio channel "Earth-Earth";

33 - controller HF ground stations 30, 35, 36;

39 - HF radio receiver for receiving relay messages and ionospheric monitoring signals;

40 - RF demodulator of radio signals of relayed messages and ionospheric monitoring signals.

The HF ground station 30 or 35 or 36 of the claimed HF packet data exchange system comprises:

- N HF radio transmitters 17 associated with N transmitting HF antennas 18, a controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35, or 36 and N HF modulators 21 of the radio signal;

- N HF radios 19 HF radio channel "Air-Earth" associated with a common HF receiving antenna 20, controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35, or 36 and N HF demodulators 22 HF radio channel "Air-Earth";

- N RF modulators 21 of the radio signal associated with N RF transmitters 17 and the controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35, or 36;

- N RF demodulators of 22 RF Air-to-Earth radio channels associated with N RF receivers of 19 RF Air-to-Earth radio channels and a controller of 33 RF air stations of 30 or 35 or 36;

- H RF demodulators 40 of the radio signal associated with the controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35 or 36 (H = 4-64), and through H RF receivers 39 for receiving relay messages and ionospheric monitoring signals with a common RF receiving antenna 20;

- at least one HF radio receiver 31 HF radio channel “Earth-Earth”, connected to a common HF receiving antenna 20, controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35, or 36 and HF demodulator 32 HF radio channel “Earth-Earth”;

- at least one HF demodulator 32 HF radio channel "Earth-to-Earth" associated with the HF receiver 31 HF radio channel "Earth-Earth" and the controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35, or 36;

- a controller 33 HF ground station 30 or 35, or 36, associated with N RF receivers 19 HF radio channel "Air-Earth", HF radio receiver 31 HF radio channel "Earth-Earth", N HF radio transmitters 17, N HF modulators 21 HF radio channel " Air-to-Earth ”, N RF demodulators of 22 RF air channels“ Air-Earth ”, RF RF demodulator 32 RF radio channels“ Earth-Earth ”, a receiver 24 signals of a single time, an interface device 25 with a subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication;

- an interface device 25 with the ground communication subsystem 34 connected to the HF NS controller 33 on the one hand and, on the other hand, to the ground communication subsystem 34 via the interface 6;

- a radio receiver 24 of signals of a single time associated with a controller 33 of the HF NS 30 and with a receiving antenna 26 of a signal of a single time;

- a receiving RF antenna 20 for general use connected to the RF radio receivers 19 of the Air-to-Earth RF channel and to the RF radio receivers of 31 Earth-to-Earth RF channels;

- N transmitting RF antennas 18 connected to N RF transmitters 17.

The block diagram of the HF airborne station 1 is shown in FIG. 3, where indicated:

10 - airborne RF transceiver;

11 - on-board antenna matching device (ACS);

12 - onboard HF antenna;

13 - control panel RF transceiver (PU);

14 - onboard router (BM);

15 - control device RF data exchange;

16 - RF transceiver;

23 is a message relay device;

27 - an on-board receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems with a receiving antenna 28;

45 - To airborne HF radios;

48 - on-board computer with a monitor, control panel and keyboard;

49 - onboard HF receiving antenna.

Moreover, the on-board RF transceiver 10 consists of an RF transceiver 16 and an RF communication device 15, a modem and a controller for communication protocols and other nodes. When this RF transceiver 16 is connected on the one hand to the ACS 11, and on the other hand to the device 15 controls the RF data exchange. The RF communication control device 15 is connected to the RF transceiver 16, the radio control panel 13, the RF airborne receivers 45, the global navigation satellite system signals receiver 27 with the receiving antenna 28, the message relay device 23 and to the airborne router 14. The ACS 11 is connected from one sides to the onboard HF transceiver 16, on the other hand to the HF onboard antenna 12. The onboard router 14 sends (receives) packet messages to (from) the onboard sources / receivers of information (onboard electronic equipment), for example, a multifunctional control and display panel, printer, computer, maintenance system, airborne navigation system, electronic display and alarm system, navigation system, etc. The on-board router 14 is connected to on-board stations of other frequency ranges and aircraft equipment not shown in FIG. 3.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows one of the structures of the time-division channel access frame structure in the RF packet data exchange system, which differs from the structure of the channel access frame in the RF HFDL data exchange system by the presence of access slots to the Earth-to-Earth channel, a shorter frame length, which allows you to increase the pace of messaging between subscribers of the system.

- маркер,

- интервал доступа к каналу (слот).To ensure frequency adaptation, the following option is possible. Each HF NS 30 or 35 periodically with an interval shorter than the stationarity interval of the quasi-regular parameters of the ionosphere (taking into account high-latitude air routes) emits signal markers "test communications" on the assigned frequency set. In FIG. 5 shows one of the possible variants of the time diagram of the radiation of markers at 6 different frequencies for one HF NS, where ƒ ₁ is the frequency,

- marker

- channel access interval (slot).

The ground communication subsystem 34 used by the claimed RF packet data exchange system may, for example, consist of interconnected routers connected to subscribers of the system: the control center of the RF packet data exchange system, AT 4 ATC and UAL.

To ensure a given level of communication reliability in the area of responsibility of each HF ground station 30, 35, 36 from the general list M HF frequencies allocated for the claimed HF packet data exchange system, the control center 3 of the said system, for example, is assigned to each HF ground station 30 , 35, 36 for each time interval of a day (1-2) hours in N active frequencies, optimal (from the point of view of collected statistics) according to the conditions of propagation of radio waves and electromagnetic compatibility, with control unit 3 through subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication and and the assigned set of frequencies along with the time interval of its activation to each HF ground station 30, 36 and 35, respectively, is brought over the RF radio channels, thus realizing the frequency division multiple access (FDMA) protocol, time use of each frequency channel is divided into time frames , to implement a time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol.

At the end of each frame, on each HF ground station 30, 35, 36, the access slots of the next frame are assigned for transmission in the Air-to-Earth direction or for data transmission from specific HF BS 1 at their preliminary requests from the access slots, or for transmitting messages from any HF BS 1 in random access mode.

From each HF ground station 30, 35, 36 at all active frequencies in the first slot of each frame, marker signals are emitted that contain the slot assignments of the current frame, a relay flag and other information, as well as receipts for messages received from HF BS 1 in the previous two frames.

At each HF airborne station 1, according to the results of evaluating the quality of reception of marker signals from at least three HF NS, analyzing computer 5 received radio signals from HF NS at different frequencies, choose the best communication frequency with one of HF NS 30 or 35 (HF radio channels 9 "Air-to-Earth"). When emergency messages are received by the RF radios 45 using the message relay device 23, a codogram is generated in the RF communication control device 15 and passing nodes 16, 11, 12 at a given frequency in the form of an RF signal of the high frequency range is radiated into space. In the relay mode with the corresponding HF NS 30 or 35, a radio signal is transmitted, which must be recognized by HF BS 1. Such a radio signal should be of sufficient duration to ensure that the HF receiver 45, which is currently waiting for a call, has managed to view the channel, in which the radio signal is transmitted, before its transmission stops.

The operation of automatic channel compilation to establish communication between the HF ground and HF airborne stations is three-stage and is performed as follows:

- the calling HF ground station refers to the called HF airborne station and transmits a relay calling frame;

- if the HF airborne station “hears” the call, it transmits a response frame addressed to the corresponding calling HF ground station;

- if the calling HF ground station receives a response, then it now “knows” that a two-way connection has been established with the called station. However, the called HF airborne station does not yet know this, therefore, the calling HF ground station transmits an acknowledgment frame with relay information addressed to the called HF airborne station.

At the HF on-board station 37, the aircraft crew of which needs urgent information, the received radio signal on the HF radio channel 38 "Air-Air" used to relay messages between two HF BS with a predetermined frequency, having passed nodes 49, 45, 15 is analyzed in the on-board computer 48 , and then through the on-board router 14 arrives on-board users, not shown in the figures. With the help of device 23, the sign of relaying the message and the parameters of the radio signal to be transmitted via the HF radio channel 38 “Air-Air” to the desired HF BS 37 are determined. In one of the modes of K HF radios 45 (K = 3-5) are used for ionospheric monitoring - determining the optimal, for example, signal-to-noise ratio, RF channel 9 “Air-to-Earth” using the markers emitted by RF NS 30, 35 received at known time intervals to start the registration procedure on one of them.

Each HF airborne station 1 is registered on the HF channel 9 chosen by it on the HF ground station 30 or 35 corresponding to this channel, packet data is exchanged in TDMA mode through the HF radio channel 9 "Air-Earth" between HF ground station 30 or 35 and HF airborne station 1 or 37, which is registered on it, as long as the quality of the RF radio channel 9 "Air-to-Earth" corresponds to an acceptable level. If the segment of the ground subsystem 34 subsystem (interfaces (channels) or router) fails, the system can be restored by broadcasting on the HF radio channels 29 “Earth-Earth” from the closest to the open ground subsystem of the accessible HF ground station 30 on the HF radio channels 29 “ Earth-to-Earth ”to another (or other) accessible (or accessible) HF ground station 30 located (located) on the other side of the cliff. When the entire subsystem 34 of the terrestrial communication fails, it is duplicated using the HF radio channels organized by the HF NS 44 and 46 using intermediate nodes: HF NS 30 and 35, HF BS 1 and 37.

If the quality of the HF radio channel 9 is below the acceptable level, using the on-board computer 48, select a new HF radio channel 9 for the HF airborne station 1 or 37 and register it on the newly selected HF radio channel 5 or 9, choose the best frequency for receiving messages from each other HF ground station 30 or 35 according to the results of evaluating the quality of reception of marker signals using RF receivers 31 of the RF Earth-to-Earth radio channel and demodulators of 32 RF-Earth-Earth radio channels, an audibility table is formed according to the results of choosing the best reception frequencies in which swarms indicate a sign of their availability (inaccessibility) for the subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication, identifiers of the HF ground stations and the corresponding numbers of the best reception frequencies with codes of the recommended maximum allowable data rates.

The general planning of data exchange procedures between the system subscribers is carried out at the control center 3, and in computer 5 at the high-frequency ground stations, the communication plans are corrected in case of malfunctions in the equipment of the designated control center 3 high-frequency radio channel and replaced with another, drawing up the transmission path when an alarm is received and others operations.

On each frequency channel, one slot of the channel access frame is allocated for transmitting messages in the Earth-to-Earth direction, the audibility table is transmitted simultaneously using N RF transmitters in the slots that are allocated for transmitting messages in the Earth-to-Earth direction, and the audibility tables are received from other HF ground stations 30 or 35 at the preselected best reception frequencies with the help of receivers 31 and demodulators 32 of the HF radio channel Earth-to-Earth, form a connection table of the Earth-Earth network based on the received audibility tables, which indicate identifiers RF ground station with the features of their availability (unavailable) for terrestrial communication subsystem 34 and the corresponding number of the best frequency reception and transmission codes recommended maximum allowable data rates. The connectivity table of the Earth-Earth network is used to select the frequencies of communication (reception and transmission) with other HF NS 30, 35 [10].

The data packet received at an inaccessible HF ground station 35 from the HF airborne station 1 registered on it is transmitted simultaneously with the audibility table via the HF radio channel 29 in the Earth-to-Earth slot to another available HF NS 30, from which it is transmitted to the air traffic control center 4 or UAF or to the control center 3 through the subsystem 34 ground communications.

The data packet from the air traffic control center or UAL control center 4 or from the control center 3, intended for the HF airborne station, which is registered on the inaccessible HF ground station 35, is transmitted via the ground subsystem 34 to the available HF NS 30, from which it is then transmitted via HF radio channel 29 "Earth-Earth" to an inaccessible HF ground station 35, and from which it is then transmitted via HF radio channel 9 "Air-Earth" to HF airborne station 1.

The data packet from the control center 3 of the RF system for exchanging packet data, addressed to the inaccessible HF ground station 35, is transmitted via the subsystem 34 of the land communication to the available HF ground station 30, from where it is transmitted via the HF radio channel 29 "Earth-Earth" to the inaccessible HF ground station 35. Moreover, the batch message for AT 4 ATC and UAF contains the address of the recipient - object 4, as well as the address of the sender (ICAO address of the board). A message is generated in the on-board computer 48 of the HF BS 1 and through the on-board router 14, it is transmitted to the node 15, where it is packaged in a packet intended for transmission via the HF radio channel 9 or 38, then transmitted via HF radio channel 9 to the HF ground station 30 (or on HF BS) located in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track. On the receiving side, it is packaged in a package designed for transmission via the ground communication subsystem 34 (either to the on-board systems or for relaying), and through interface 6 it is transmitted to the ground communication subsystem 34, from where they are transmitted via interface 8 to the control room 4 of the air traffic control or UAF ( or to another HF BS located in the stable communication zone of a one-hop track).

In computer 5 (in the on-board computer 48 for a specific aircraft), navigation tasks are solved: determining the exact location and motion parameters of the corresponding aircraft (coordinates, course, speed, altitude and others) with reference to the exact time and displaying them on the monitor to the dispatcher (navigator), extrapolation of the aircraft trajectory and determination of the aircraft area at the time of the next communication session to optimize the selection of HF ground stations for communication with the aircraft being served. The location data of the HF BS (aircraft) in each communication session are transmitted to objects 3 and 4 of the system.

If in this case the HF ground station 30 or 35, on which the HF airborne station 1 is registered, is inaccessible to the subsystem 34 of the terrestrial communication, then the packet message received by it on the HF radio channel 9 is packaged in a packet intended for transmission via HF radio channel 29 “Earth-Earth” , and transmit via RF radio channel 29 to another RF ground station 30, available for subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication, where the message is packaged in a packet intended for transmission through subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication, transmit via interface 6 to subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication, from where provide an interface 8 to the appropriate air traffic control ATC, paragraph 4, or Wal.

A burst message for MCU 3 containing the address of the recipient — MCU 3, as well as the address of the sender (ICAO board address), is formed in the transmitter 48 HF onboard station 1, where it is packaged in a package designed for transmission via HF radio channel 9 or 38, transmitted HF radio channel 9 or 38 to HF ground station 30 or 35, on which HF airborne station 1 is registered, or to another HF BS located in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track. On the receiving side, the message is packaged in a package designed for transmission via subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication (or via HF radio channels 38 to another HF BS located in the stable communication zone of a single hop path), transmitted via interface 6 to subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication, from where it is transmitted via interface 7 to the control center 3.

If at the same time the HF ground station 35, on which the HF airborne station 1 is registered, is inaccessible to the ground subsystem 34, then the packet message received by it on the HF radio channel 9 is packaged in a packet intended for transmission on the HF radio channel 29 “Earth-Earth”, and transmit via RF channel 29 to another RF ground station 30, accessible for subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication and located in the stable communication zone of a one-hop route, where the message is packaged in a package intended for transmission over subsystem 34 of terrestrial communication, transmitted via int rfeys 6, subsystem 34 terrestrial communication interface 7 to MC 3.

A packet message from the air traffic control unit or UAV containing the address of the recipient (ICAO address of the board), as well as the sender's address - air traffic control unit 4 air traffic control and UAL, are formed on air traffic control unit 4 air traffic control or UAL, transmit it via interface 8 to ground communication subsystem 34, from where the packet broadcast via interface 6 to the HF ground station 30 or 36, on which the HF airborne station 1 is registered - the destination, where it is packaged in a package designed for transmission via HF radio channel 9, and transmitted via HF radio channel 9 to HF airborne station 1.

If the HF ground station 35 at which the HF airborne station 1 is registered is not available for the ground subsystem 34, then the message is broadcast by the ground subsystem 34 to another HF ground station 30 available for the ground subsystem 34, where it is packaged in a packet intended for transmitting via HF radio channel 29 “Earth-to-Earth”, and transmitting via HF radio channel 29 “Earth-Earth” to an inaccessible HF NS 35, on which HF airborne station 1 is registered, where it is packed in a package designed for transmission via HF radio channel 9, and lane they travel through the RF radio channel 9 to the corresponding RF airborne station 1.

A batch message from CC 3 for HF BS 1, containing the recipient address - (ICAO board address), as well as the sender address - CC 3, are formed in CC 3, transmit it through interface 7 to subsystem 34 of the terrestrial communication, from where it is transmitted via interface 6 to the HF ground station 30, on which the HF airborne station 1 is registered, the destination, where it is packaged in a package intended for transmission via HF radio channel 9, and transmitted via HF radio channel 9 to HF BS 1, the destination.

The receiver 27 of the signals of global navigation satellite systems with a receiving antenna 28 is used not only to obtain second universal time stamps for synchronization when forming slots in computer 5 and on-board computer 48, but also to obtain the exact location and parameters of the aircraft’s motion (coordinates, course, speed , altitude and others) with reference to the exact time required on the control center 3 for the formation of communication plans and relay messages to the respective subscribers.

On-board computer 48 evaluates the reception quality of several markers (more than three) and selects the best frequency for communication. The signal quality is considered good if the signal is received without errors. At the selected frequency, with the help of the on-board computer, a 48 HF BS is generated and then a response signal is transmitted to the ground so that the 5 HF NS will determine at what frequency the messages of this HF BS are transmitted.

Table 1 presents, as an example, one of the options for constructing a connectivity matrix for six HF NS. Each column of the connectivity matrix characterizes the numbers of the best transmission frequencies of one station indicated in the column heading for other stations indicated in the row headers. The row of the connectivity matrix is characterized by the numbers of the best reception frequencies by one station indicated in the row header, signals of other stations indicated in the column headers. In this case, the frequency numbering corresponds to the system table, which is developed by the control center and brings to all HF NS.

In a computer, 5 HF NS 30 and 35 received from the control unit 3 through subsystem 34 or HF radio channels through nodes 44, 46, 30, 35, data on the parameters of objects 1, 30, 35, 36, 37 and the state of HF radio channels 9, 29, 38, 41, 43 are stored and used for control in case of failure of the control unit 3 equipment or interface 7 failure. In such cases, the proposed technical solution allows decentralized control of aircraft with HF BS 1 in case of failure of elements 3 and 7. Recommended maximum speeds are indicated in brackets data transmission. The HF on-board station uses the connectivity matrix to determine the frequency of listening to the signal transmitted in the Earth-to-Earth slot containing the hearing matrix, and also, if necessary, a message from another HF NS. The connectivity matrix is also used to determine the transmission frequency of a message for another station in the Earth-to-Earth slot.

This system differs from well-known analogues in the field of communication technology and meets the criterion of "novelty." The proposed technical solution does not explicitly follow from the prior art, therefore, has an inventive step. Comparison of the claimed device with analogues shows that the newly introduced nodes are known to specialists in the field of communication technology. The inventive system can be implemented on existing serial products used in communication technology, and is industrially applicable.

The use of the high frequency range in digital communications, based on the hardware and software architecture of open systems allows the widespread use of commercial technologies and modern technical solutions. The ability to reprogram is an important requirement and advantage of the system hardware. It allows using computers 5 and on-board computer 48, in the memory of which are stored sets of interchangeable hardware-independent programs for generating radio signals with various communication protocols, network connection procedures, relay algorithms and other procedures, to configure the equipment of the transceiver paths to work in various conditions. Reprogrammable communication tools allow you to use not only the latest advances in information technology available at the time of their creation, but also provide the opportunity to introduce new developments as they become available.

The system applies the principle of organizing an RF system for exchanging packet data similarly to the avalanche communication technology [11]. Its characteristic feature, in comparison with traditional principles ("each with each" or through a separate separate repeater), is the absence of the need to take into account the propagation conditions of radio waves between individual HF ground and airborne stations. Improving the stability of communication is achieved by repeating the transmitted messages selected in the control center 3 HF radio channels of different HF ground stations in an amount of at least 3. The total number of relayings is determined by the number of allocated HF radio channels and is carried out according to an algorithm that provides a given probability of erroneous reception for any HF station. Comparison of the probability of error-free reception for any pair of subscribers of the system with direct communication between correspondents and when the system works according to the "avalanche" principle, conducted by Harris Corp., showed that in the latter case, the specified probability of error-free reception (0.994) was provided at a signal-to-noise ratio approximately 20 dB less than required for direct communication [11].

An important feature of the system is the possibility of adaptive communication not only in the HF radio channels “Air-to-Earth”, but also in the channels “Earth-to-Earth” and “Air-to-Air”, which use the same frequency channels, and for selecting the frequency the same signals (markers ) Thus, between all subscribers of the system creates a multi-channel "trunk" of the main HF radio.

An RF packet data exchange system can be used to organize a domestic RF communication network.

Literature

1. ARINC 635-3. Specification. HF Data Link Protocols. 12/2000.

2. ARINC Characteristics 753-3. HF Data Link System. 2001.

3. Appendix 10 to the ICAO Agreements (Volume 3, Part 1, Chapter 11). Geneva. ICAO. 2000.

4. GLOBALLink / HF. HF DATA LINK. Technical Experts Meeting. Moscow. May 16-17. 1996.

5. Dr. D. Yaviz. Cost of Truly Mobile Beyond Line-Of-Sight Communications or “How Much Does It Cost to Get a Bit From A to B?”. HARRIS, 1994.

6. ARINC 634. Specification. HF Data Link System Design Guidance Material. 8/96.

7. Guidance on the RF data line. Geneva. ICAO. 2001.

8. Report from the AD HOC Working Group on HF Data Link. Draft Version 1.0. September 29, 1995.

9. RF patent No. 2286030.

10. RF patent No. 2612276 (prototype).

11. https://www.harris.com/sites/default/files/downloads/solutions/stt_data_sheet.pd.

Claims (1)

An HF packet data exchange system containing HF airborne stations connected via Air-to-Earth HF radio channels to HF ground stations, which in turn are connected to the control center of the said system and to air traffic control and air traffic control centers (ATC and UAL) through a ground communication subsystem in which each HF ground station contains a HF ground station controller that is coupled to control N HF radio transmitters connected to N HF transmit antennas with N HF radio receivers Air-Z Earth ”, connected to a common RF receiving antenna, is also connected to the information inputs of N radio signal modulators, connected to N RF radio transmitters, information outputs of N air-to-Earth radio signal demodulators, connected to N RF radio receivers, in addition, the RF ground station controller is connected to a single-time signal receiver connected to a single-time signal receiving antenna, and with an interface device with a ground communication subsystem, at least one RF radio is contained in each RF ground station Earth-to-Earth communication infrared and at least one Earth-to-Earth radio signal demodulator, the output of which is connected to the information input of the RF ground station controller, and the input is to the output of the corresponding RF-Earth radio receiver, the information input of which is connected to the common HF receiving antenna, and the control input to the corresponding control output of the HF ground station controller, in the HF on-board station, the on-board HF transceiver is connected on one side to the antenna matching device (ACS), and on the other on the one hand to the RF communication control device, which is connected on one side to the on-board RF transceiver, and on the other hand to the radio control panel and on-board router, the ACS is connected on the one hand to the on-board RF transceiver, and on the other hand, to the on-board RF antenna, In this case, HF airborne stations can relay messages received on HF radio channels Air-Earth from HF ground stations and HF radio channels Air-Air from the corresponding HF airborne stations operating in relay mode II, characterized in that the (n + m + 1) HF ground station is additionally inserted into it, connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the control center and via the Earth-to-Earth HF radio channels to those HF ground stations that are located in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track, as well as HF ground stations in terms of the number of ATC and UAL, connected to them by two-way communications, and on the Earth-Earth RF channels connected to those HF ground stations that are in the stable communication zone of a single-hop track, n Reliable and m inaccessible from the terrestrial communication subsystem, the HF ground stations are connected via HF radio channels Earth-to-Earth only to those HF ground stations that are in the stable communication zone of the single-hop track, r HF airborne stations, including HF airborne stations, requiring urgent information, they are connected by the Air-to-Air RF channels to those RF airborne stations that are in the stable communication zone of the single-hop track, n <m <r, the number of RF channels connected to each RF airborne station is at least 3, to each RF ground A computer with a monitor, a control panel and a keyboard is connected to the station, connected by two-way communications to the HF controller of the ground station, and an on-board computer with a monitor, a control panel, a keyboard and an on-board receiver of signals from global navigation satellite systems with a receiving antenna are connected to each HF on-board station two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the RF data exchange control device.

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