RU2681491C1 - Sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building, in particular to the bulk materials, such as grain crops, sowing devices. Sowing machine contains a seed box with a socket mounted on the shaft of a sectional coil with grooves, the seeds guide to the seed box lower part, a sleeve with the edge and the valve. Sectional coil grooves have the torus rotation surface part shape, at that, the torus circumference radius R is equal to 7.1 mm. On the metering unit drive shaft between the sectional coil sections and from its end faces separating discs are mounted. Separating discs on the sowing machine drive shaft seats are made with dimensions equal to the sowing machine drive shaft dimensions. At that, the separating discs axes of symmetry coincide with the sectional coil axis of symmetry. Separating discs diameter is equal to the sectional coil diameter, and each of the separating disc thickness is equal to 0.5 mm. Sectional coil total length is equal to the length of the standard coil with grooves. Seed box socket is made in the form of a solid disc with a mounting hole for the socket installation on the sectional coil drive shaft. Sectional coil sections and separating discs are made integral from the polymeric material.EFFECT: use of the invention will allow to improve the seeds distribution uniformity when sowing various crops over the sowing area and reduce the seeds injury, which contributes to increase in the crops yield.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for sowing bulk materials, for example, grain crops.

The sowing apparatus [1] contains a seed box with a socket, a coil with grooves mounted on the shaft, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box and a coupling with a rib and valve, while the ribs of the coil grooves are not brushed and are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ÷ 22 ° to the axial line of the coil, and the rear end part of the valve is rectangular in shape, and the cutting line of the rear end part of the valve is located below the axis of the coil with grooves on (0.6 ÷ 0.7) R of the coil, with the end of one rib of the coil with grooves along the way eniya coil coincides with the apex of the right valve, and the beginning followed by a coil with rib grooves coincides with the apex of the left valve when this outlet slot formed on a coil-shaped ribs with the grooves at an angle of 18-22 ° to the axial line of the coil. The sowing device improves the uniform distribution of seeds along the length of the row, has an increased service life and the ability to adjust to different seeding rates.

The main disadvantage of the sowing apparatus is the increased unevenness of the sowing, namely, the change in sowing from the speed of movement, as well as the crushing of seeds. Placing the helical grooves at an acute angle to the center line of the coil leads to sliding of the seeds along the oblique teeth of the grooves due to the difference in the frictional properties of the grain of different crops, while for different crops it is necessary to have coils with different angles of inclination of the helical grooves, while the seeds fall to the walls of the sowing case apparatus, which causes injury to the seeds between the ribs of the coil and the socket.

Known coil-brush metering apparatus [2, 3], the coil-brush metering apparatus consists of a coil, the ribs of which are made diagonally relative to the ends and at a certain angle so that if you draw a parallel line relative to the axis of rotation of the coil, the first groove of the left the end face of the coil goes to the second or third groove of the right end (depending on the size of the sown seeds), while the oblique edges of the coil in the end part are made in steps and have a brush frame along the entire length, with a gap and outlets formed at an angle oblique entry edges and coil height in steps, but shorter than the height of the brush frame of the ribs on the magnitude of deflection of the bristle. The invention provides for the elimination of grain damage, the achievement of uniformity of seeding and continuity of dosing.

The disadvantages of the reel-brush metering apparatus include the complexity of manufacturing, in addition, the service life of such coils is lower in relation to the serial coil, due to the presence of brushes on the ribs. The main disadvantages of this sowing apparatus is the high rate of injuries of seeds inherent in screw sowing machines, as well as increased unevenness of sowing seeds on the sieving area.

Known metering apparatus [4], which contains a housing inside which on the drive shafts mounted metering coils with ribs made along a helical line and having a brush frame, while the coils are located opposite each other in the same horizontal plane and with an angular offset relative to each other by a value equal to half the angle between the axial lines of the adjacent ribs of the metering coil in the frontal plane, while the coils are mounted with the possibility of counter rotation, while the ribs of the coils are made a helix with mutually opposite direction of coiling, the above seed wheel, in mezhkatushechnom space is mounted for vertical movement damper, the flap forming the side faces formed by arcs of circles, congruent motion trajectories framing lint brush. The sowing apparatus is aimed at increasing the distribution of seeds over the sieving area and reducing their injury.

The disadvantages of the sowing apparatus include the complexity of the design, which complicates the manufacture, repair and installation of the sowing apparatus. This sowing device increases the percentage of injured seeds during sowing, due to the implementation of the ribs of the coil along a helical line, while sowing remains uneven when the seeding rate is violated. The complicated design of the metering device also requires additional time when replacing the coil in the field, which delays the sowing time.

Known coil metering apparatus [5], containing a seed box with a spring-loaded valve and a socket, a coil with grooves and a coupling mounted on the shaft, while the end part of the valve is made rectangular. The grooves of the coil are alternately converging and diverging to the width of the groove in the left and right parts of the coil.

The disadvantages of the reel seeding apparatus are the uneven seeding of seeds along the length of the row, due to the fact that the seeding device with the left and right direction of the grooves of the coils affects the grain during operation, which, when sowing, moves to the left or right side of the box, causing a variable seed compaction. In addition, like all sowing machines with helical grooves, it is inherent to increase the damageability of seeds.

Of the known closest in technical essence (prototype) is a sowing apparatus [6], contains a seed box with a socket, a coil with grooves mounted on the shaft, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box, a coupling with a rib and a valve, while the working part of the coil is divided into four equal sections by secant planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the coil, which are fixedly connected to each other with the formation of a sectional coil with grooves, each subsequent of four equal sections of coils ki is rotated around the longitudinal axis of symmetry relative to the previous equal coil section by an equal angle, while the angle between the longitudinal planes of symmetry of the edges of four equal sections of the coil with grooves drawn relative to the longitudinal axis of the coil is 15 °. The ribs of four equal sections of the coil are staggered on the working part along a helical line, while the length of the ribs of the sectional coil with grooves is equal to the thickness of the sectional section coil, while the shape of the sectional ribs is made in the shape of the ribs of the grooved coil with straight ribs, while the ribs of the sectional coil with grooves have working and non-working surfaces located respectively in the direction of rotation of the sectional coil with grooves, while on the working surface of each rib of the sectional coil made symmetrical but open trays located relative to it with a cylindrical surface, while the axis of symmetry of the cylinder forming the cylindrical surface of the open trays is inclined at an angle of 25 ° to the longitudinal planes of symmetry of the ribs of the sectional coil, drawn relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the sectional coil, while the cylindrical surface of the open trays the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the surface of the jumpers located between the grooves of the sectional coil, while the profile of the grooves of the sectional coil is made shaped profile grooves grooved spool with straight ribs with the shape of the profile of open trays, the outlet sectional coil is formed without slits to its edges and has a fitting hole formed with a diameter equal to the diameter of the shaft drive section coils. The invention will improve the uniformity of the distribution of seeds of various crops over the sifting area and ensure the accuracy of the seed sowing rate, as well as reduce trauma and seed consumption per unit of sown area, while increasing the yield of crops and reducing the cost of production.

The metering device operates as follows. Seeds from a removable box by gravity enter the seed box of the metering unit and fill the space around the coil with grooves. Rotating, the grooved coil moves seeds sunk into the grooves, which fill the space around the grooved coil. Rotating, the grooved coil moves the seeds sunk into the grooves of the grooved coil into the lower part of the seed box and dumps them at the end of the valve into the vas deferens funnel (not shown), not pulsating-portioned, but in a smooth and continuous flow, which will affect uniformity the distribution of seeds over the sieving area and the accuracy of a given sowing rate of crops of various biological forms, due to the fact that the working part of the coil with grooves is divided into four equal sections by cutting planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the coil with grooves, with each subsequent of four equal sections of the coil with grooves rotated around the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the coil with grooves relative to the previous equal section of the coil with grooves by an equal angle, while the angle between the longitudinal planes of symmetry of the ribs of four equal sections of the coil with grooves held relative to the longitudinal axis of the coil with grooves is equal to 15 degrees, while the ribs of four equal sections of the coil with grooves are staggered on the working part Coils are grooved in a helical line, wherein the rotated four equal sections around the longitudinal axis of symmetry of coil grooved interconnected fixedly by welding, thus fixedly interconnected four equal sections with coil grooves formed with a tapped coil grooves.

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus can be attributed to the unevenness of the total sowing of seeds, according to the sieving area, due to the position of the grooves on the surface of the sectional coil in a checkerboard pattern, in this regard, in the intervals between the edges of the sectional coil, the seeds fall from the edges of the sections of the coil, and pass to neighboring section of the coil, which leads to non-compliance with the norm of sowing seeds, to uneven sowing of seeds over the sieving area, while installing a socket with slots causes injury to seeds coming from the edges of the sections of the coil in the gap a gap between the outlet and the end of the sectional coil. The sectional coil can be installed in the seed box of the sowing apparatus in only one position, while the open trays with a cylindrical surface are made on the working surface of the ribs of the sectional coil, and located along the rotation of the coil.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages and when using it, the following result was obtained: the uniformity of the distribution of seeds over the sifting area is improved (coefficient of variation of the distribution of seeds over the sifting area of the proposed sowing apparatus is ν = 35%, prototype ν = 37%), instability total seeding 2.5% (prototype - 2.8%), seed injury 0.25% (prototype 0.3%). The sectional coil is installed in the seed box of the sowing apparatus, in the direction of rotation of the sectional coil, in any position, since all the surfaces of the ribs of the sectional coil are working. All this improves the quality of sowing, which leads to higher yields and lower production costs.

The specified technical result is achieved through the use of a metering device comprising a seed box with a socket mounted on the shaft of the sectional coil with grooves, a seed guide in the lower part of the seed box, a coupling with a rib and a valve, characterized in that the grooves of the sectional coil have the form of a part of the surface of rotation of the torus , while the radius R of the torus circumference is 7.1 mm., while on the drive shaft of the metering apparatus, dividing discs are installed between the sections of the sectional coil and from its ends, the seats of the separation discs on the drive shaft of the metering device are made with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the drive shaft of the metering device, while the axis of symmetry of the separation discs coincide with the axis of symmetry of the sectional coil, while the diameter of the separation discs is equal to the diameter of the sectional coil, and the thickness of each separation disc is equal to 0.5 mm., While the total length of the sectional coil is equal to the length of a standard coil with grooves, while the socket of the seed box is made in the form of a solid disk with zling outlet hole for the drive shaft sectional coil unit, the coil section and the sectional separation discs made of plastics material integrally.

Graphic materials

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a metering apparatus.

In FIG. 2 shows the metering unit.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a sectional coil with grooves.

In FIG. 4 shows a sectional coil with grooves.

The sowing apparatus (Fig. 1), including a seed box 1 with a socket 2, mounted on the shaft 3 of the sectional coil 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) with grooves, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), a coupling 5 with a rib and a valve 6, while the grooves of the sectional coil 4 have the form of a part of the surface of revolution P of the torus T (Fig. 1, Fig. 3), while the radius R (Fig. 3) the circumference of the torus is 7.1 mm., While on the shaft 3 (Fig. 3) of the sectional coil 4 between the sections of the sectional coil 4 and at the ends of the sectional coil 4 are installed dividing e disks 7 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3), while the mounting holes of the dividing discs 7 on the shaft 3 of the sectional coil 4 are made with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the shaft 3 of the sectional coil 4, while the axis of symmetry of the dividing discs 7 coincide with the axis of symmetry of the sectional coil 4, the diameter of the separation discs 7 is equal to the diameter of the sectional coil 4, while the thickness of each separation disc 7 is 0.5 mm., While the total length of the sectional coil 4 together with the separation discs 7 is equal to the length of a standard coil with grooves, while the socket 2 the seed box 1 is made in the form of a solid disk with a mounting hole for mounting the socket on the shaft 3 of the sectional coil 4, while the sections of the sectional coil and the separation discs 7 are made of polymer material as a whole.

Coil metering device operates as follows.

From the seed box, the seeds by gravity enter the seed box 1 (Fig. 1) of the sowing apparatus and fill the space around the sectional coil 4 with grooves. When the coil 4 with grooves rotates, the seeds sunk into the grooves of the coil 4 are transferred to the lower part of the seed box 1 and are discharged from the valve 6 into the funnel of the seed conduit (not shown) with a smooth flow of seeds without pulsation, with strict observance of the main criteria for the quality indicators of the sowing apparatus: unevenness the total sowing of seeds and the uneven distribution of seeds over the area of their sieving, as well as trauma to the seeds, due to the fact that the working part of the sectional coil 4 is divided into four parts by separation discs and 7 installed between the sections of the coil 4 and at the ends of the sectional coil 4, while the seats of the separation discs 7 on the shaft 3 of the sectional coil 4 are made with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the shaft 3 of the sectional coil 4, while the symmetry axes of the separation discs 7 coincide with the symmetry axis of the sectional coil 4, while the diameter of the separation discs 7 is equal to the diameter of the sectional coil 4, while the thickness of each separation disc 7 is 0.5 mm, while the total length of the sectional coil 4 is equal to the length of a standard coil with grooves.

Also, the installation of the separation discs 7 will affect the better filling of the grooves of the sectional coil with seeds, which will reduce the unevenness of the total sowing of the seeds by the sowing apparatus and reduce the uneven distribution of seeds over the sieving area, while the grooves of the sectional coil have the form of a part of the surface of rotation of the torus T (Fig. . 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), while the radius R of the torus generatrix is 7.1 mm., Which also contributes to a better filling of the grooves of the sectional coil with seeds, while the profile of the groove of the sectional coil ki-shaped portion of surface of revolution of the torus T n, is determined by the sum of areas of the groove cross sections with straight edges coil [6], and the cross sectional area of the torus surface of revolution

Where S _W - the cross-sectional area of the groove of the coil with straight ribs;

S _T = sectional area of a part of the surface of rotation of the torus;

S _LC = the cross-sectional area of the groove of the coil, having the form of a part of the surface of the torus;

In addition, the installation of the separating discs of the made and made grooves of the sectional coil in the form of a torus completely eliminates the descent of seeds from the working surfaces of the ribs of the sectional coil, which will allow to sow the seeds of the sectional coil with the grooves without pulsation of their seeding, while achieving a lower unevenness of the overall sowing of seeds and reducing the uneven distribution of seeds over the sieving area.

Moreover, the implementation of the grooves of the sectional coil in the form of a torus maximizes the working volume of the sectional coil with grooves, which is determined from the condition [7].

On the value of V _T , therefore, we can write:

Where V ₀ - the working volume of the sectional coil with grooves made in the form of part of the surface of the torus;

V _W - the volume of seeds carried out by the grooves of the coil with straight ribs;

V _a is the volume of seeds passed in the active layer;

V _T - the volume of seeds sown by part of the surface of the torus

Analyzing expressions (2) and (3), we can conclude that the working volume V _{0 of the} sectional coil with grooves significantly increases by the value of V _{T of the} volume of seeds brought out by part of the surface of the torus. A significant increase in the working volume V _{0 of the} sectional coil with grooves made in the form of a part of the surface of the torus will allow for sowing seeds with a given norm at the maximum working part of the sectional coil with grooves to significantly reduce the rotation frequency of the sectional coil with grooves, which will also significantly reduce the unevenness of the overall sowing seeds and reduce the unevenness of sowing over the sifting area, as well as to reduce injury to the seeds, by eliminating the descent of seeds from the sectional coil and getting them into the gap between the end of the sectional coil and the outlet.

Thus, the installation of dividing discs and the grooves of the sectional coil in the shape of a torus will allow for lower irregularities in the total sowing of seeds, as well as lower uneven distribution of seeds over the sifting area, while reducing trauma to seeds and seed consumption per unit area. All this improves the quality of sowing seeds, crop productivity and reduces the cost of production.

Literature

1. Pat. 2384040 RF, IPC A01C 7/12. Sowing apparatus / N.P. Laryushin, S.A. Suschev, V.V. Lapin et al. // No. 20088145301/12. Declared November 17, 2008. Publ. 03/20/2010. Bull. Number 8.

2. Pat. 2134502 RF, IPC A01C 7/12. Spool-brush sowing apparatus / S.P. Sworn, M.M. Juror, Dolgusheva G.V. and others // No. 98100988/13. Stated 01/23/2098. Publ. 08/20/1999.

3. Pat. 2226760 RF, IPC A01C 7/12. Seeder / S.P. Sworn, M.M. Juror and others // No. 20022112277/12. Stated May 6, 2002. Publ. 04/20/2004. Bull. No. 11.

4. Pat. 2563373 RF, IPC A01C 7/12. Meter / A.M. Petrov, S.A. Vasiliev, A.A. Vasiliev and others // No. 2014127100. Announced on 07/02/2014. Publ. 09/20/2015. Bull. No. 26.

5. Pat. 2343676 RF, IPC A01C 7/12. Coil metering device / S.P. Sworn, M.M. Juror A.A. Tsaban // No. 2007116928/12. Announced on 05/04/2007. Publ. 01/20/2009. Bull. No. 2.

6. Pat. 2640054 RF, IPC A01C 7/12. Seeder / N.P. Laryushin, V.N. Kuvaytsev, A.Yu. Schuchenkov // No. 2016146971. Announced on 11/29/2016. Publ. 12/26/2017. Bull. Number 36.

7. Klenin, N.I. Agricultural and reclamation machines / N.I. Klenin, V.A. Sakun. - M .: Kolos, 1994 .-- 751 p.

Claims (1)

The sowing apparatus, including a seed box with a socket mounted on the shaft of the sectional coil with grooves, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box, a sleeve with a rib and a valve, characterized in that the grooves of the sectional coil have the shape of a part of the surface of rotation of the torus, with the radius R forming the circumference of the torus is 7.1 mm, in addition, on the shaft of the sectional coil between the sections of the sectional coil and at the ends of the sectional coil, separation discs are installed, and the mounting holes of the separation discs on the shaft sec the ion coil is made with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the shaft of the sectional coil, while the axis of symmetry of the separation discs coincide with the axis of symmetry of the sectional coil, and the diameter of the separation discs is equal to the diameter of the sectional coil, in addition, the thickness of each separation disk is 0.5 mm and the total length the sectional coil together with the separation discs is equal to the length of the standard coil with grooves, while the socket of the seed box is made in the form of a solid disk with a mounting hole for mounting the socket on the drive shaft Sectional coil, and the coil sectional sections and separation discs made of plastics material integrally.

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