RU2461172C2 - Spool multistart screw seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit includes a body, a coil, a collar, a socket coupler and a valve. The coil is adapted to change. On the cylindrical surface of coil there are multistart inclined screw auger blades, forming curved grooves. The volume of the grooves is made multiple to the size of seed material. The surface of the curved bottom of the valve facing the coil is made along the curved tractrix and is located at an acute angle to the horizontal. The end of the valve for discarding of the material from it is placed vertically on the value of 0.40…0.50 D_K from the center of rotation of the coil, where D_K is the diameter of the coil.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to carry out quality seeding of grain crops with a uniform distribution of seeds over the area of nutrition and with the reduction of injury, as well as local fertiliser application.

5 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to reel sowing units of sowing units.

Known sowing devices in the form of coils with ribs and couplings, spring-loaded valves and sockets with slots (Karpenko A.N., Khalansky V.M. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos, 1983; AC SU No. 1746920, A01C 7/04, 07/15/1992). However, such devices give a pulsating flow of sowing material, do not provide a continuous supply of seeds, damage the seeds, which reduces the stability of sowing.

Known coil metering unit AC RU No. 55826, class. A01C 7/12 of 10/31/1939 in the form of a coil consisting of two parts forming a helical groove. However, a single helical groove can not provide either the norm or uniformity of seeding of any material, and therefore this design has not found application to date.

Known coil metering device according to the patent for invention RU No. 2343676, A01C 7/12 from 01.20.2009, characterized in that the grooves of the coil are alternately converging and diverging to the width of the groove in the left and right parts of the coil. Such a design cannot create a uniform active layer of seeds, since such grooves are stepped and create a pulsating flow of seeds, accumulations of grains alternate with gaps.

Known metering device according to the patent for invention RU No. 2384040, A01C 7/12 dated 03/20/2010, the grooves (ribs) of the coil of which are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the axial line of the coil. Placing the grooves at such an angle somewhat reduces the pulsating flow of grain, but does not exclude it and therefore does not ensure uniformity and continuity of dosing. In this case, the parameters of the grooves of the helical curve (pitch, shape, size of ribs, number of runs, etc.) are not given, and only straight grooves (ribs) can be produced at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the center line of the coil, but we will get a grooved coil with inclined teeth (grooves), which is characterized by a pulsating flow and uneven distribution of seeds in the field.

Known metering device according to AC RU No. 685180, A01C 7/12 from 09/15/1979, including a coil with inclined grooves. The protrusions of the grooves of the coil are covered by a coupling made in the form of a shutter. The disadvantage of such a sowing apparatus is the lack of a valve, the loss of seeds due to their spontaneous outflow, the uneven distribution of seeds over the sowing area.

Known coil metering device according to AS RU No. 2231247, class. A01C 7/04 of 01/20/2004 with a coil having conical recesses on its surface for feeding seeds from the coil to the receiving window, and an elastic reflector placed at an acute angle to the cylindrical surface of the coil. Cone-shaped recesses on the surface of the coil did not allow to exclude unevenness of the sown seed flow, and an elastic reflector contributes to the accumulation of seeds and their spoilage.

Known coil metering apparatus according to AC RU No. 2797464, A01C 7/12 from 06/07/1981 with coil grooves made on its surface in a triangular shape. Such grooves (cylindrical recesses) on the surface of the coil are also disclosed in utility model RU No. 82083, A01C 7/04, 04/20/2009. In both designs there is no mechanism to exclude uneven seeding of seeds, and therefore such devices are not functional.

Known sowing apparatus (USSR AS No. 1313370, A01C 7/12 from 05/30/1987 and No. 1477280 from 05/07/1989), comprising a housing with a coaxial coupling with a rib, a grooved coil, a socket and a bottom installed under them (valve), pivotally connected on the outlet side with a flap having a groove. The carrier enters the groove attached to the coupling. The carrier and the flap with a groove form a rocker mechanism that allows you to automatically change the geometry of the bottom during axial movement of the coil. The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the uneven distribution of the sowing material (mainly fertilizers) over the sieving area due to pulsating sowing, as well as the difficulty in manufacturing and operating the sowing apparatus, and low reliability. All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

The closest to this invention in technical essence and the achieved technological result (prototype) is a certificate for utility model RU No. 85789, A01C 7/12, 08/20/2009, in which the grooves of the coil have a parabolic profile and are made along a helix, plotted on the diameter of the coil with the right screws, and on the side of the coil there is a groove for the exit of seed material. A helix with right screws located on the outer diameter of the coil can improve the quality of seeds, but the absence of its parameters and modes, small, judging by the drawing, the step of a single-run helix will contribute to the unstable movement of seeds in one direction to the annular groove, where they will accumulate and be injured by turns and ends of the coil.

The proposed reel multi-pass helical metering device will eliminate the above disadvantages by:

1) improving the quality of sowing of grain crops by increasing the uniformity of seed distribution over the nutrition area and eliminating their injury for a more complete use of their genetic potential;

2) installation of a removable metering coil on the device in two varieties:

a) for sowing seeds of grain crops;

b) for local tape application of granular mineral fertilizers.

The task of creating an apparatus for sowing seeds of grain crops is achieved by placing on the outer cylindrical surface of the metering coil left or right helical multi-cut beveled auger blades with a pitch of at least 500 mm, placed on its diameter of at least 50 mm, with the number of screw blades from 12 to 16 approaches, forming profile curvilinear teeth 6 ... 12 mm high and grooves with a volume multiple to the size (volume) of sown seeds with a cross-sectional area of at least 20 mm ² .

In contrast to the design of the aforementioned metering coil for sowing grain crops, the metering coil for local tape application of mineral fertilizers has a number of screw-in blades from 10 to 15, the height of the teeth is 10 ... 15 mm, the cross-sectional area of the grooves is 50-80 mm ² .

The curved shape of the grooves forms a connected active layer of seed, due to which it ensures the formation of a continuous uniform flow of grain or fertilizers. The use of multi-helical helical beveled auger blades allows you to form curved grooves of specified parameters, determined by the size of the seeds, granular fertilizers and the rate of sowing. Damage to the seed is prevented by a constant controlled gap between the ends of the coil and the clutch having the same outer diameter, as well as gutter-shaped identical profiles mounted on the metering coil and socket.

To increase the uniformity of sowing seeds or fertilizing, the smooth surface of the spring-loaded valve is made according to the antifriction curve-tractor, placed at an acute angle to the vertical, which allows to increase the thickness of the active layer of seeds under the coil and, thus, increase the compaction (support) of seeds or fertilizers on the valve , which will increase the uniformity of their seeding and reduce their damage.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a multi-spool coil screw metering device.

Figure 2 is a structural diagram of multi-pass tape turns of the screw.

Figure 3 - coil multi-spool coil screw apparatus for sowing seeds of grain crops and a structural diagram of the groove.

Figure 4 - coil multi-thread coil screw apparatus for applying mineral fertilizers and a structural diagram of the groove.

Figure 5 - mechanism for maintaining a minimum clearance between the ends of the clutch coil.

Figure 6 - socket metering apparatus.

In Fig.7 - spring-loaded valve of the metering unit.

On Fig - anti-friction curve-tractrix of the working surface of the spring-loaded valve.

The multi-spool helical metering device (hereinafter referred to as the apparatus) consists (Fig. 1) of the right 1 and left 2 stainless steel housings tightened with screws 3, inside of which a metering multi-metering replaceable helical metering coil 4 made of a polymer material (hereinafter referred to as the coil) is installed, sealing coupling 5, socket 6 with mounting washer 7, lever 8 with axis, spacer 9, gate 10, spring 11 with washer 12, thrust bushings 13 with lock bolts 14, drive shaft 15, special bolts and screws 16 and 17, stud 18.

, где z - количество зубьев на катушке.The geometric dimensions and the number of teeth of the coil 4 are determined by the manufacture according to the specified parameters (see above) of multi-turn turns (ribs), teeth, grooves, which are based on the design principle of multi-blade auger blades (figure 2), where the pitch of the helical line S determines the curvature of the grooves and teeth, and the distance between the teeth (grooves) on the coil t is determined by the diameter of the coil D _to , the circumference L = πD _to and step

where z is the number of teeth on the coil.

The coil for sowing seeds of grain crops 4 with a spike 18, with beveled multi-entry blades (teeth) of the screw 19 with a pitch S≥500 mm, the number of visits (teeth) from 12 to 16 (Fig.3), forming a U-shaped curved grooves made along the curve y = x ⁽ b ^-1) / (b + 1) (y and x are the coordinate axes, b is the seed size in the transverse direction), with rounded, mated tooth vertices along the radius R, at an angle α to the coil vertical 4 , diameter of the coil D _к = t · ctg 180 ° / z, where t is the tooth pitch, the diameter of the troughs of the grooves of the coil D _f = 0.8 t / (sin180 ° / z), the length of the coil L _к - const, is chosen constructively, the angle tkloneniya teeth from vertical α = 360 / z, coil grooves area S _x ≥30 mm ^2.

The coil for the tape application of mineral granular fertilizers 4 (Fig. 4) with a spike 18 and with beveled multi-entry blades (teeth) of the screw 20 differs from the above-described coil for sowing grain crops by the number of entries (teeth) from 10 to 14, forming U-shaped curved grooves coils with a height of h = 10 ... 15 mm, an area of S _w ≥35 mm ² , a radius of grooves of the grooves R = 1,5b-1 (b is the size of the granules of mineral fertilizers) and radii R _c and R _a forming a curved groove.

The diameter of the pitch circle D _d = 0.9 t / (sin 180 ° / z) in increments of t.

Such coil designs allow you to evenly drop seeds of grain crops and fertilizers into the vas deferens and fertilizer ducts, which ensures high quality of plant placement and the best conditions for their growth.

The mechanism for maintaining the minimum clearance between the ends of the interchangeable coil 4 and clutch 5 (Fig. 5) includes a spring 11 with a washer 12, which, being in the socket of the coil, constantly presses the coil 4 to the clutch 5. The coil 4 and clutch 5 are fixed on the drive shaft 15 by thrust bushings 13 with locking screws 14. This design of the installation of the coil 4 and the coupling 5 allows them to snuggle against each other (ends T), avoiding the ingress of seed material and its damage.

On the other hand, the metering coil 4 is sealed with a socket 6 installed in a special socket on the inner (peripheral) surface of the left housing 2. The socket 6 has protrusions that follow the contour of the grooves of the metering coil 4 (Fig.6).

In the upper part of the housing on special bolts 16 (Fig. 1) a spacer 9 is installed, in the groove of which a slide 10 is placed. A slide 10 serves to stop or adjust the supply of seed material or fertilizer granules from the hopper (not shown in the drawing).

In the lower part of the apparatus (Figs. 1 and 7), a spring-loaded valve 26 is installed on the axis 21 with screws 23 on a flat spring 25 with a smooth working surface facing concavity to the coil 4, and placed in its original position so that the intersection point of the axis of the coil y with a spring-loaded valve K (active zone of the coil) was separated from the axis of the coil 4 by a distance l ₁ = 0.5 D _k + Δ, and point C - the end of the smooth surface of the valve 26 (zone of discharge of the active layer of grain or fertilizers) was distant from the center of the coil a distance l ₂ = (0.4 ... 0.5), where D _k - coil diameter, Δ - thickness and tive layer of seed material depends on the regulated lever 8 and l ₃ = (0,38-0,42) D _k.

The smooth working surface of the spring-loaded valve 26 is made according to the antifriction curve-tractor (Fig. 8), the tangent to which at any point is always constant and is at an acute angle φ. This design of the valve design eliminates spontaneous outflow of material into the gap Δ between the smooth surface of the valve and the coil, creates the best conditions for a uniform, continuous, continuous outflow of material into the seed tube or tube of the seeder.

To the lower flange of the body of the sowing apparatus is attached a seed receptacle with a seed tube or tube (not shown), through which the seeds enter the coulter.

The multi-seed reel sowing device works as follows (Fig. 7): seeds or fertilizers coming from the seed or fertilizer line from the seeder tank to the space around the coil 4 installed in the device’s body, which rotates with an angular speed ω and moves the active material layer Δ, placed between the teeth with the grooves of the coil 4 and the spring-loaded valve 26, discharges it at the end of the valve 26 smoothly and continuously into the funnel thanks to the multi-bevelled beveled screw blades (ribs) of the screw forming curvilinear grooves with a volume that is a multiple of the size of the seed.

Injury to the seeds or granules of the fertilizer is prevented by the absence of a gap between the ends of the coil 4 and the coupling 5 on the one hand, insignificant gaps between the working surfaces of the grooves of the coil 4 and the protrusions of the socket 6 entering the grooves of the coil, and an acute angle of inclination β of the valve 26 curve to the horizontal axis of the metering unit .

Changing the seeding rate can be carried out in the following ways:

a) a change in the working length of the coil 4 with the joint movement of the coil 4 and clutch 5 along the axis of the drive shaft 15;

b) a change in the frequency of rotation of the drive shaft 15;

C) by changing the gap between the outer surface of the coil 4 and the working surface of the valve 26.

The use of this reel screw sowing apparatus allows to reduce the complexity of adjustment work, to carry out high-quality sowing of the material with a uniform and accurate distribution over the feeding area and with the reduction of their injury, thereby creating the opportunity to economically use the seed material, make full use of the genetic potential of each seed and get high yields, while reducing the cost of cultivated crops.

Claims (5)

1. The coil metering device, comprising a housing, a coil, a coupling, a socket and a valve, characterized in that the coil is replaceable and multiple helical auger screw blades are placed on its cylindrical surface, forming curved grooves with a volume multiple of the size of the seed, while the surface of the curvilinear bottom of the valve, facing the coil side, is made along a curve-tractor and is located at an acute angle to the horizontal, and the end of the valve for dumping material from it is placed vertically and by the amount of 0.40 - 0.50 D _{to the} center of rotation of the coil, where _a D - diameter of the coil. 2. The coil metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil and clutch have the same outer diameter, the coil having a cavity in which a spring is placed, which axially extends the coil and clutch to maintain a minimum clearance between them. 3. The coil metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the socket is made in the form of a two-stage ring and has protrusions on the inner surface that repeat the contour of the grooves of the coil. 4. The spool metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw pitch of the screw is at least 500 mm, the number of blade passes is at least 10, and the grooves formed in this case have a cross-sectional area of at least 20 mm ² . 5. The spool metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spool for fertilizer sowing has a number of screw blades entering from 10-15, and the cross-sectional area of the grooves is 50 - 80 mm ² .

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