RU2384040C1 - Seed dispenser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seed dispenser comprises seed box with outlet, coil with grooves installed on shaft, guide of seeds into lower part of seed box and coupling with rib and valve. Ribs of coil grooves do not have a brush framing and are arranged along helical line at the angle of 18÷22° to its axial line. Back end part of valve is arranged as rectangular. Line of valve back end part cut is arranged below axis of coil with grooves by (0.6÷0.7)R of coil. End of one rib of coil with grooves along with direction of coil rotation matches right top of valve, and beginning of the following coil rib with grooves matches left top of valve. Slots of outlet are arranged complying with shape of ribs with grooves, at the angle of 18÷22° to axial line of coil.

EFFECT: seed dispenser improves distribution of seeds along sown area, has a longer service life and a possibility for adjustment to various norms of sowing.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for sowing bulk materials, such as grain.

Known metering device (AS USSR No. 55826, 45b, 16C 7/12 from 10.31.39), consisting of a box through which a shaft with coils passes. Each coil consists of two parts forming a helical groove: fixed and movable, axially displaceable together with the shaft, in order to be able to sow seeds of various sizes. The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the uneven distribution of seeds over the sifting area, since the angle of inclination of the helical groove is not corrected, and when the meter is operating and the meter with the helical groove is inoperative, self-flow of seeds from the box will pass, difficulty in production and operation, low reliability . All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

Known sowing apparatus (AS USSR No. 685180, A01C 7/12 from 09/15/79), comprising a housing with a seed channel, between the sides of which a coil with inclined grooves is installed on the drive shaft. The protrusions of the grooves of the coil are covered by a coupling made in the form of a flap located in the sides of the housing and overlapping the seed channel. The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the uneven distribution of seeds over the sifting area, as well as spontaneous outflow of seed from the sowing apparatus, the inability to sow and adjust the sowing apparatus to work with seeds of different sizes of crops due to the lack of a valve. All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

A known metering device (AS USSR No. 1313370, A01C 7/12 of 05/30/87), comprising a housing with a coaxial sleeve with a rib, a grooved coil, a socket, and a bottom installed beneath them, articulated from the socket with a flap having a groove. The carrier enters the groove attached to the coupling. The carrier and the flap with a groove form a rocker mechanism that allows you to automatically change the geometry of the bottom during axial movement of the coil. The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the uneven distribution of seeds over the sieving area due to pulsating sowing, crushing of seeds at low seeding rates, as well as the difficulty in manufacturing and operation of this sowing apparatus, low reliability. All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

A known metering device (AS USSR No. 1230499, A01C 7/12 of 05/15/86), comprising a housing, a socket and a sleeve and coil mounted on the shaft, made in the form of a set of disks. Cutouts are made along the perimeter of the disks. Slots are also made in the disks, in which a flexible rod is missing. At the ends of the rod, broadening is made, between one of which and the extreme disk a spring is installed. The disadvantages include the uneven distribution of seeds over the sieving area due to the stepwise arrangement of cutouts on the discs, seed injuries, difficulty in manufacturing, low reliability, as well as the difficulty of re-equipping the sowing device for sowing various crops. All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

A seeder is known (RF Patent No. 2226760, 7A 01C 7/12 of 04/20/2004), containing seed boxes, sowing coils with a diagonal arrangement of ribs and with brush framing them - left and right, sockets and couplings. Bottom of the seed box is blocked by a bottom, a spring-loaded valve. Coils with a brush frame are inserted into sockets with inclined stepped slots for the ribs. Couplings are mounted on the metering shaft. A cylindrical shank of coils is inserted into the coupling. The disadvantages of this seeder include the uneven distribution of seeds over the sowing area due to the unstable operation of the brush frame of the sowing coils, it becomes more difficult to set small seeding rates during the work of the seeder due to an increase in the active layer of seeds (the active layer is near the brush frame of the coil) of sowing coils with a brush frame, as well as low reliability of the seeder (wear of the brush frame of the seed coils). All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

Of those closest in technical essence is a spool-brush sowing apparatus (RF Patent No. 2134502, 6А 01С 7/12 dated 08/20/1999), containing a seed box with a socket, a spool with grooves mounted on the shaft, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box, coupling with rib and valve. The ribs of the coil and slots are made stepwise in height and are located at an angle with the possibility of moving the coil along the axis, and a brush frame is fixed along the entire length of the end part of the oblique ribs. Bottom of the seed box is blocked by a bottom-spring-loaded valve. A coil with a brush frame is inserted into the socket with inclined stepped slots for its ribs. A coupling cylinder with ribs is mounted on the metering shaft. A cylindrical shank of the coil is inserted into the coupling. Cotter pins are inserted into the shaft of the metering devices, pressing the couplings to the coils. The clutch cannot rotate, but moves freely across the box with the reel.

The metering device operates as follows. Seeds from the seed box enter the seed box. There, under the influence of oblique ribs with a brush frame of a rotating coil, they move to the bottom of the box. The lower oblique ribs of the brush-edged reel scoop out the seeds from the box. At the end of the bottom, the seeds fall out of the diagonal grooves of the coil and together with the seeds from the active stream fall into the funnel of the vas deferens, not portionwise, but continuously due to the diagonal edges of the coil with a brush frame located diagonally.

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the uneven distribution of seeds over the sieving area due to the unstable operation of the brush frame (the brush frame of the coil deviates against the course of rotation of the coil by an amount greater than the seed size), while the angle of inclination of the grooves of the coil to the axial line of the coil is not corrected, also this end of one rib of the coil with grooves in the direction of rotation of the coil does not coincide with the right vertex of the spring-loaded valve, and the beginning of the next rib of the coil with grooves is not falls with the left vertex of the spring-loaded valve, which leads to a pulsating-dose sowing of seeds, it becomes more difficult to set small seeding rates due to an increase in the active seed layer during sowing (the active layer is near the brush frame of the coil), uneven transverse and longitudinal distribution of seeds when sowing by a coil with grooves due to wear of the brush frame of the coil, spontaneous outflow of seeds into the seminal canal, since the end part of the spring-loaded valve is not adjusted relative to the axis of the coil, and also spontaneous outflow of seeds into the seed channel when the brush frame is worn, which covers the gap for the seeds to exit between the spring-loaded valve and the coil, low reliability and life of the metering device due to wear of the brush frame of the seed coil and tearing of the brush frame when foreign matter enters the seed , it is difficult to displace the seed metering coil in the axial direction, since the angle of inclination of the ribs of the coil with the angle of inclination of the slots of the socket is not adjusted. All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above drawbacks and when using it, the following result was obtained: the uniformity of the distribution of seeds over the sifting area is improved (the coefficient of variation of the distribution of seeds over the sifting area of the proposed sowing apparatus is ν = 44%, the existing one is ν = 65 ... 70%), and it is also possible to adjust the sowing apparatus to small seed sowing rates, the longitudinal and transverse uniformity of the distribution of seeds of the sowing apparatus is improved (deviation from the average value ± 4%), spontaneous expiration of the seed material into the gap for the exit of seeds between the valve and the coil with grooves is excluded, the service life and reliability of the sowing apparatus is increased. All this improves the quality of sowing, which leads to higher yields and lower production costs.

The specified technical result is achieved through the use of the claimed sowing apparatus containing a seed box with a socket, a coil with grooves mounted on the shaft, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box, a coupling with a rib, a valve. The ribs of the grooves of the coil with grooves are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the axial line of the coil, and the ribs of the grooves of the coil with grooves do not have a brush frame, while the rear end part of the valve is rectangular, and the cut line of the rear end part of the valve is located below the axis of the coil with grooves on (0.6 ... 0.7) R coils, while the end of one rib of the coil with grooves in the direction of rotation of the coil coincides with the right vertex of the valve, and the beginning of the next rib of the coil with grooves coincides with the left vertices valve, while the slots of the socket are made in the shape of the ribs of the coil with grooves at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the axial line of the coil.

Graphic materials

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a reel seeding apparatus.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a coil with grooves.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the outlet of the metering unit.

Figure 4 shows the sowing apparatus.

Figure 5 shows a coil with grooves.

The sowing apparatus (figure 1) contains a seed box 6, a coil with grooves 1 mounted on the shaft of the sowing apparatus, the ribs of the coil with grooves 1 are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° (figure 2, figure 5) to the center line coils with grooves 1 (figure 1), and the ribs of the grooves of the coil with grooves 1 do not have a brush frame. Bottom of the seed box 6 is blocked by a spring-loaded valve 4, while the rear end part of the valve 4 of the sowing apparatus is made rectangular, and the line (ad) of the cutoff of the rear end part of the valve 4 is located below the axis of the coil with grooves 1 at (0.6 ... 0.7) R coils with grooves 1, which eliminates spontaneous outflow of seed into the gap for seed to exit between the valve 4 and the coil with grooves 1, while the end of one rib (ab) of the coil with grooves 1 along the rotation of the coil with grooves 1 coincides with the right vertex of the valve 4 (dot a), and the beginning of the next rib (cd) of the coil with grooves 1 coincides with the left vertex of valve 4 (point d). The coil with grooves 1 is inserted into the socket 2, while the slots of the sockets (Fig. 3) are made in the form of ribs of the coil with grooves 1 (Fig. 1) and at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the center line of the coil with grooves 1. On the shaft of the metering unit 3 (FIG. 1), coupling 7 is put on. A cylindrical shank 8 (FIG. 4) is inserted into coupling 7. The clutch 7 cannot rotate, but it moves freely across the seed box along with the reel with grooves 1. The spring-loaded valve 4 (Fig. 1) is equipped with an adjusting bolt 5.

The sowing apparatus works as follows: the seeds from the interchangeable box by gravity enter the seed box 6 (Fig. 1) of the sowing apparatus and fill the space around the coil with grooves 1. Rotating, the coil with grooves 1 moves the seeds sunk into the grooves and part of the seeds of the active layer not falling into the grooves, but located near the ribs of the reel with grooves 1, in the lower part of the seed box 6 and dumping them at the end of valve 4 into the funnel of the vas deferens, and this is not pulsating in portions, but smoothly and continuously due to the fact that the ribs are grooved the coils with grooves 1 are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° (FIG. 2) to the center line of the coil with grooves 1 (FIG. 1), and the edges of the grooves of the coil with grooves 1 do not have a brush frame (FIG. 2, FIG. 4, Fig. 5), while the rear end part of the valve 4 (Fig. 1) of the metering unit is made in a rectangular shape, while the cut line (ad) of the rear end part of the valve is located below the axis of the coil with grooves 1 at (0.6 ... 0 , 7) R coils with grooves 1, while the end of one rib (ab) (Fig. 1) of the coil with grooves 1 along the rotation of the coil with grooves 1 coincides with the top of valve 4 (point a), and the beginning of the next rib (cd) of the coil with grooves 1 coincides with the left vertex of valve 4 (point d), i.e. at the end of operation of one rib (ab) (Fig. 1) of the coil with grooves 1, the next running rib (cd) of the coil with grooves 1 comes into operation. During operation, as well as longitudinal movement of the coil with grooves 1 during adjustments, the grain does not spill out seed box 6 through the socket 2 due to the socket 2, the slots of which are made in the form of ribs of the coil with grooves 1 at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° (figure 1, figure 3) to the center line of the coil with grooves 1 (figure 1). When adjusting the seeding rate, the coil with grooves 1 is shifted inward or outward of the seed box 6 by moving the coil with grooves 1 with the shaft 3 in the axial direction, while at the same time, the socket 2 scrolls along the inclination of the ribs. The seeding rate is also regulated by changing the frequency of rotation of the coil with the grooves 1 of the metering unit. The gap between the valve 4 and the coil with grooves 1 is set using the adjusting screw 5, depending on the size of the sown seeds. The spontaneous outflow of seed into the gap for the exit of seeds between the valve 4 and the reel with grooves 1 is excluded due to the fact that the rear end part of the valve 4 is made rectangular, and the cut line (ad) of the rear end part of the valve 4 is located below the axis of the reel with grooves 1 on (0.6 ... 0.7) R coils with grooves 1 (figure 1).

Claims (1)

Sowing apparatus comprising a seed box with a socket, a coil with grooves mounted on the shaft, a seed guide to the bottom of the seed box, a coupling with a rib and a valve, characterized in that the grooves of the coil with grooves are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ÷ 22 ° to the axial line of the coil, and the ribs of the coil with grooves do not have a brush frame, and the rear end part of the valve is made rectangular, and the cutting line of the rear end part of the valve is located below the axis of the coil with grooves on (0.6 ÷ 0.7) R of the coil, the end of one rib of the coil with grooves in the direction of rotation of the coil coincides with the right top of the valve, and the beginning of the next rib of the coil with grooves coincides with the left top of the valve, while the slots of the socket are made in the form of ribs of the coil with grooves at an angle of 18 ÷ 22 ° to the axial coil lines.

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