RU2675501C1 - Method of prevention of osteoarticular pathology in broilers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for the prevention of osteoarticular pathology in broilers. Method is characterized by the fact that from the 1day of life during the period of growing and fattening, or from 7 days of life to 28 days of life, mineral feed is introduced into the feed – white sludge with stabilized iodine in a dose of 2 kg per 1 ton of feed, at 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 days of life, Vit Okey is administered at a rate of 0.16 ml per head, on the 15day of life, a Broiler Up premix is calculated at a rate of 0.06 g per head, and from 23 to 25 days, Intra Calferol is added at the rate of 0.6 ml per head.EFFECT: use of the invention will allow to prevent bone and joint pathology in broilers.1 cl, 4 tbl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to veterinary medicine, to industrial poultry farming and the cultivation of broilers in ecologically disadvantaged areas.

Farm animals and poultry are more sensitive and less adapted to human impacts. A complex of pollutants coming from atmospheric air, soil, drinking water and food affects their health. The priority harmful factors are dust pollution of the atmosphere and pollution of all components of the environment with toxic metals (chromium, manganese, vanadium, lead, cadmium, copper, etc.), the adverse effects of which on the body of animals and birds are exacerbated by imbalance in feeding (deficiency of calcium, iodine, vitamins , trace elements, high-grade protein, etc.).

The Ural region, as before, remains one of the most environmentally disadvantaged regions of the Russian Federation. By the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, the Ural region takes first place in Russia. In terms of gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, the Sverdlovsk Region ranks third in Russia. In conditions of chronic anthropogenic load, the formation of an environmentally dependent pathology is quite logical. In this case, as a rule, disturbances of slowly developing systems are dominant in this case: nervous, endocrine, immune, reproductive, and, as a result of this, disturbances in the functioning of other organs. (see 1.5 Nizhny Tagil: ecological situation ... argo-shop.com.ua> article-8338.html; http://domsovet.tv/articles/v-sverdlovskoj-oblasti-verkhnij-tagil-nakrylo-tuchami-zoly/ )

In connection with all of the above, currently, within the framework of import substitution, it remains relevant to search for domestic preparations that provide and support the body of birds and animals with the main macro- and micronutrients, as well as that perform the function of enterosorbent to reduce the effect of anthropogenic load on the body of birds and animals. Essential trace elements such as iodine, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, etc. provide the optimal balance of macro- and micronutrients in the body, its growth and development.

The lack of iodine in the diet of the bird leads to hypofunction of the thyroid gland, as a result of which the metabolic processes, proteins, carbohydrates, fats and minerals are disturbed in the body. Characteristic manifestations of iodine deficiency are most likely to occur in young animals, in whom the growth rate and visible changes in the musculoskeletal system, the inability to move around the cell and the approach to the feeder and drinker are reduced.

It is known to use various calcium-containing feed additives of increased digestibility to increase the growth rate of animals, for example, the use of calcium succinate (calcium succinate) with a particle size of 400-630 mmk increases the use of feed by 1 kg of growth in animals and improves the condition of the skeletal system (see ed. No. 1375230, A23K 1/16, published on February 23, 1988, Bull. No. 7). With ease of use, various calcium-containing additives have their own limitations or are not produced by domestic industry.

There is also known a way to increase the productivity and vitality of broiler chickens, laying hens and piglets. The method consists in introducing into the diet of calcium carbonate micellate with a density of 1.3 kg / l - 1.6 kg / l, which is administered with drinking water at a dose of 0.26 ml / l. The method improves the viability and productivity of animals and birds, improving calcium metabolism. (Patent No. 2392796. A01K 67/00, A23K 1/175. Published. 06/27/2010). However, the mineral supplement has a limited number of trace elements magnesium, zinc and chromium, which is insufficient for biogeochemical provinces due to the lack of individual trace elements, such as iodine, cobalt, etc.

Also known is the "Method of growing broilers" (Patent No. 2512365. A23K 1/175, A23K 1/16. Publish. 02.20.2016). The method consists in the use of fodder mineral additive BSH (white sludge), produced from raw materials and components produced in aluminum with animal feed, moreover, white sludge neutralized with sulfuric acid is used as a feed additive. Moreover, the introduction of BS is produced with compound feed according to the scheme in 3 stages: the first - 1-2 kg per ton of feed; the second - 2-4 kg / t; the third - 3-6 kg / t.

The use of BSh in feed, in increasing doses up to 6 kg / t, increases the sorption effect, and consequently, an increase in the adsorption of nutrients and vitamins, which can lead to increased feed consumption (consumption). Also, BShs with different doses require additional time and attention of workers for mixing with compound feed. In addition, the effect of BS on articular cartilage, bone and muscle tissue has not been studied.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for the prevention of osteoarticular pathology in broilers with a finite increase in income that does not require large material costs and changes in the technology of feeding and keeping, but allows you to adjust the balance of trace elements in the body of broiler chickens.

The problem is solved in that in addition to the feed, from 1 day of life, the supplement is supplemented with mineral feed BS with stabilized iodine in a dose of 2 kg per 1 ton of feed during the growing and fattening period against the background of the introduction of additives according to the farm’s recipe, while the introduction of the additive for mineral feed BS with stabilized iodine is injected against the background of Vit Okey application for 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 days at the rate of 0.16 ml per head, with BroilerUp premixes once on the 15th day of life, at the rate of 0.06 g per head and in the final period from 23 to 25 days of feeding were added Intra Calci yferol "at the rate of 0.6 ml per head, and for feeding errors associated with substandard or defective feeds, a mineral feed supplement BSh with stabilized iodine is introduced for 7 days for 21 days, while DMK BSh with stabilized iodine is fed with mixed feed, and in the process of feeding use DMK BSh with stabilized iodine produced by Sorbent-K LLC, Karpinsk.

The basic mineral composition of DCM BS in% is given in table 1.

DMK BSh refers to mineral biologically active substances (BAS), which include: the main macroelement - calcium, and trace elements: iron, stabilized iodine, sulfur, as well as aluminum compounds with sorption properties. The principle of action and the effectiveness of its application depends on the ion-exchange mechanism of action, which begins in the gastrointestinal tract in birds.

Mineral feed supplement (DMK BSh) with stabilized iodine has pronounced adsorbent properties, has a positive effect on metabolic processes, which leads to increased productivity and increased live weight gain in young animals. DMK BSh is a powdery product containing up to 80% sodalite-like sodium aluminosilicates (cancrenite, nocean-cancrenite), providing molecular sieve separation and absorption of heavy metal ions, mycotoxins. The Al - O - Si bonds in the structure of sodalites are formed by alternating tetrahedra of silicon and aluminum, and are stable at any pH value. In addition, the composition includes calcium hydroxide, aluminum gel, glandular hydrogarnet. Aluminum hydroxide in DMK BSh is contained in the form of hydrargillite and bayerite (used as part of human preparations - almagels) - an non-absorbable antacid. All components of DMK BSh increase its sorption capacity in relation to salts of heavy metals, which is important when adding DMK BSh to poultry feed in technologically polluted areas, which include many farms in the industrial Urals. DMK BSh does not lose sorption properties after mixing and granulation. It is well dosed by volumetric and weight batchers, it is evenly mixed and distributed in all types of feed raw materials and animal feed. Additive MK BSh is a brick-colored powder with a particle size of 1 to 100 microns. BSA DMC with stabilized iodine, is environmentally safe: it deactivates heavy elements (cadmium, chromium, lead, etc.) in soil and water; harmless to humans and animals, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, it is not combustible and not explosive, highly effective at low concentrations.

The basis of the DMK BSh is made in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2473230, A23K 1/16, Publ. 01/27/2013, Bull. Number 3. Previously, BS was used without iodine supplementation for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in broiler rearing (see RF Patent No. 2555354, А61К 33/06, Publish. 07/10/2015, Bull. No. 19). The complete specified composition of DMK BS includes macroelements and microelements of only 21 items. (Emelyanov A.M., Kotomtsev V.V., Sbrodov F.M. Bioelements in the diet of birds / Under the editorship of Kotomtsev V.V. Ekaterinburg: publishing house of the Ural State Agricultural Academy, 2002. - 307 p.)

The DMK BSh is manufactured in accordance with TU 2160-001-62028061-2014. Certificate of conformity ROSS RU.AG98.H13941 valid from September 2, 2014 to September 1, 2017 No. 1714007.

The scientific and practical recommendations for the use of DMK BSh do not provide for the use of its broiler chickens in a predetermined ratio and duration for the prevention of osteoarticular pathology, which is the use of a well-known drug for a new purpose. (The use of BS additives in feed for broiler chickens: scientific and practical recommendations / E.V. Shatskikh, L.P. Lutskaya, M.E. Buraev, V.V. Kotomtsev, E.P. Ustich. - Yekaterinburg: UrGAU , 2014. - 38 p.)

The novelty of the method is that DMK BS with stabilized iodine is used for a new purpose in broiler chickens from 1 day of life to slaughter (on average 40 days) or from 7 days of age for 21 days at a dose of 2 kg per 1 ton of feed.

An unobvious effect when using DMK BS is an improvement in the state of cartilage, bone and muscle tissue in broilers, as well as a decrease in the mortality rate from this pathology.

The method is as follows: in the feed mill in the feed is introduced by mixing DMK BS for the entire period of cultivation and fattening or 21 days daily.

The introduction of the drug in an amount of 2 kg per 1 ton of feed practically does not violate the physical properties of the feed and does not change the feeding processes in the buildings with the adopted feeding system, without causing any undesirable reaction in broiler chickens actively eating such food.

After conducting literature and patent searches, laboratory studies and theoretical justification of the doses, dates and periods of introduction of DMK BS with stabilized iodine into the feed, physiological experiments were conducted to practically confirm and justify the proposed method.

Example 1

The studies were carried out in a broiler poultry farm in the Sverdlovsk region. According to previous statistics, 4.9% fell on the poultry farm in 2015, and in 2016, on the farm with osteoarticular pathology, 7.7% of the total number of dead chickens fell. The economy showed a tendency to increase the incidence and mortality rate from diseases of bones and joints, as well as related nutritional dystrophy, by 2.8%, which shows the need for measures to prevent bone-articular pathology.

The object of study is the Arbor Acres cross broiler chickens.

Research on the development of effective prophylaxis of osteoarticular pathology in broiler chickens was carried out at the department of infectious and non-infectious pathology of FSBEI HE “Ural State Agrarian University” and at a broiler poultry farm in the Sverdlovsk region.

For this, two groups of chickens were selected according to the principle of analogues of 2 thousand heads in each: 1 - experimental, 2 - control.

In the experiments, the norms of planting, light, temperature and humidity conditions, the front of feeding and watering in all age periods were observed and corresponded to the recommendations of VNITIP and were the same for both groups. The chickens were fed with full-feed compound feed, the cellular content, in 4 tier cages of the KBP-B type.

Feeding daily 3 times a day, feed is fed to the feeders from a feed distributor. The diet consists of compound feed, only 3 steps: - Start, Growth, Finish, according to the own recipe of the poultry farm. Drinking plenty of drinkers, the level is adjustable, drinkers are always full and clean.

In the economy, according to the accepted technology, for the prevention of bone-articular pathology, Vit Okey vitamin supplements are used for 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 days at the rate of 0.16 ml per head. Premixes BroilerUp once on the 15th day of life, at the rate of 0.06 g per head and in the final period of feeding from 23 to 25 days was added Intra Calciferferol at a rate of 0.6 ml per head.

In the first series of experiments, chickens of both groups were fed from the 1st day of life to slaughter according to the scheme adopted on the farm. To the chickens of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, for the prophylaxis of osteoarticular pathologies, in addition to the main diet, 2 kg per ton of feed was supplemented with mineral feed BS with stabilized iodine. Chickens in the control group received no supplement. On day 42, slaughter was performed.

In the second series of experiments, two groups of broiler chickens with 2 thousand heads each were also selected: 1 - experimental, 2 - control. The scheme of on-farm prevention of mineral metabolism was the same: vitamin supplements Vit Okay for 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 days at the rate of 0.16 ml per head. Premixes BroilerUp once on the 15th day of life, at the rate of 0.06 g per head and in the final period of feeding from 23 to 25 days was added Intra Calciferferol at a rate of 0.6 ml per head.

In the second series of experiments, chickens of both groups were fed from the first day of life to slaughter according to the scheme adopted on the farm. In addition to the main diet, from 7 to 28 days of life, 2 kg per ton of DMK BSh feed with stabilized iodine was added to the chickens of the experimental group. Chickens in the control group received no supplement. On day 42, slaughter was performed.

In both series of experiments, a clinical examination was performed daily. According to the results of the inspection, culling of chickens with congenital and acquired pathology of the legs and joints was performed.

Throughout the study period, the safety of the livestock was constantly monitored. Fallen chickens were examined and subjected to postmortem autopsy. The causes of death and the structure of the incidence were determined. Every 7 days of the study, control weighing was carried out in order to control the growth and fattening of broiler chickens. To complete the assessment of the state of osteoarticular pathology in broilers, the entire functional morphological complex of the musculoskeletal system was subjected to histological examination: muscles, bones and articular cartilage.

After slaughter, samples were taken from the femoral-tibial muscles, femurs, cartilage from the femoral head, as well as from internal organs from chickens - broilers of the experimental and control groups. The resulting material was fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Then, pieces were cut from the parenchymal organs, the right femoral-tibial muscle in the projection of the hip joint and from the right head of the femur. The resulting material was subjected to passage through alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the generally accepted technique.

For microscopic examination, histological sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin according to the standard technique. The material was studied in a light microscope "Mikromed-1" with an increase of: eyepiece 15, lenses: 20, 40 and 100.

Histological sections were photographed with a LevenhukC130 NG camera. The data obtained were subjected to biometric and statistical processing.

After completing the study and processing the results of the experiments, we evaluated the economic efficiency of the proposed method for the prevention of osteoarticular pathology in broilers.

When conducting a clinical examination of broiler chickens from the experimental and control groups in both series of experiments revealed: diseases of the digestive system and related nutritional dystrophy, disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Over the entire period of cultivation from the experimental group from pronounced bone-articular pathology, confirmed by macroscopic pathological studies and photo-fixation, 3 fell, and in the control group - 9 goals.

A similar situation was observed in the second series of experiments. From the experimental group from this pathology, 4 heads fell over the entire growing period, which is 3 times less than in the control group - 12 goals.

At the external examination, clinical signs were noted: the sick bird sits, cannot rise to the drinker, go to the feeder, sits with one of them stretched out (Fig. 1) or apart, both limbs apart, assuming an unnatural position (Fig. 2), and perishes from exhaustion.

At autopsy, macroscopic examination revealed necrosis of the femoral head, dysplasia of the hyaline cartilage of the femoral head. Females without a head were met (Fig. 3). In addition, observed: metaplasia of cartilage and pineal gland epiphyses, femoral head lysis (Fig. 4). Similar changes, according to the literature, are noted with hypovitaminosis D and E, a lack of calcium and phosphorus, alimentary dystrophy, cell paralysis or chicken fatigue, as well as a lack of trace elements of selenium, manganese, zinc and copper (Bessarabov B.F. Non-communicable diseases of birds. - M .: Kolos S, 2007 .-- 175 p.)

This pathology affected chickens under the age of 30 days. Also, “bone softening” was observed in broiler chickens under the age of 7 days of age. Such chickens often showed signs of dehydration and alimentary dystrophy as a result of a lack of opportunities to approach the drinker and feeder.

During a histological examination of hyaline cartilage from the femoral head, it was found that in broiler chickens in the control group, cartilage more often had both macroscopic and microscopic changes (Fig. 5). The process of formation of hyaline cartilage does not pass until the formation of a full-fledged cartilage that performs its function. Fibrous cartilage is less elastic, more susceptible to mechanical damage, respectively, can not withstand the increasing load with a rapid gain in body weight with broilers.

In broiler chickens of the experimental group, no visible destructive changes in the structure of hyaline cartilage were detected (Fig. 6). The microstructure corresponds to a well-formed hyaline cartilage, the cell nuclei are in a functionally active state.

When studying the microstructure of the femoral-tibial muscles in the projection of the femoral joints in broiler chickens, it was noted that in the experimental group the microstructure of muscle fibers was without visible changes both in the longitudinal section (Fig. 7) and in the transverse section of the muscle tissue (Fig. 8) . Muscle fibers with pronounced transverse striation, the nuclei of cells are in a functionally active state. Muscle fibers of uniform width, the nuclei of cells with a preserved structure are clearly visible in them, where eu- and heterochromatin are clearly visible.

In the control group, destructive changes were noted both in individual muscle cell nuclei (muscle fiber cell nuclei are in a state of karyopiknosis, karyorexis and karyolysis), as well as defragmentation of the muscle fibers themselves, intact muscle fibers lose transverse striation, and therefore lose the ability to perform their function - reduction thus do not perform the supporting function, which is clearly visible in the longitudinal (Fig. 9) and in the cross section, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method (Fig. 10).

In addition, in both series of experiments, up to 10 goals were rejected due to congenital malformations (additional limbs, curvature of the neck, which do not allow eating food well). Over the entire study period, 0.2% of broiler chickens with bone-articular problems fell.

In addition, the number of dead chickens from another pathology decreased. At the autopsy, the fallen chickens from the experimental group noted: the fallen under the age of 30 days - alimentary dystrophy associated with the inability to move around the cell, necrosis of the femoral head associated with a lack of macro- and micronutrients, as well as vitamins and protein, enteritis, vitelline peritonitis; fallen chickens aged 30-40 days - pulmonary edema, aerosakulitis, several cases of hepatitis (Table 2).

During the first series of experiments, a faster set of body weight was noted. The difference was not large, but stable throughout the study period exceeded the body weight of chickens from the control group. So the chickens of the experimental group at the first weighing on average 30 g ahead of the chickens from the control group. During the second series of experiments, an increase in body weight of chickens by an average of 20 g was also observed on the 7th day from the start of feeding DMK BS with stabilized iodine (14 days) compared with the control (Table 3).

When conducting research in the first series, a uniform increase in body weight was noted by 29.6 g by day 7 of the study, compared with the control group, and by the end of the growing and fattening period, by 134.5 g. Also, in the second series of experiments, an increase was noted body weight in the experimental group after 7 days by 20.1 g compared with the control, and by the end of the growing and fattening period - 128 g. This is clearly seen in FIG. 11 is a first series of experiments and in FIG. 12 - second series of experience.

Throughout the entire period of feeding DMK BS in the experimental groups, advances in weight gain are seen. A marked increase in body weight since the introduction of the supplement was noted.

It is important to note that, as in the first series of experiments, the safety of the livestock was higher in the experimental group.

In the second series of experiments with microscopic examination, similar changes in the organs of the musculoskeletal system were noted. The microstructure of hyaline cartilage from the femoral head in the experimental group has no visible changes, and in the control group the cartilage is formed more slowly and with the predominance of the fibrous component of the cartilage, i.e. its physical and functional properties are reduced, which impede movement in the cell. Accordingly, in the experimental group, the microstructure of muscle fibers was without visible changes, and in the control group, destructive changes were noted both in individual muscle cell nuclei and defragmeitis of the muscle fibers themselves.

Despite the fact that the live weight of chickens before slaughter and the mass of carcasses in the experimental group has a slight advantage, the health of the chickens of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the chickens of the control group. This can be noted by the appearance of the chickens and by the results of the veterinary-sanitary examination of offal.

Thus, feeding DMK BS with stabilized iodine, as an additional source of macro- and microelements, has a pronounced positive effect on the prevention of pathology of the musculoskeletal system and on the quality of meat products from broilers of the experimental group.

In the first series of experiments for the entire period of growing chickens, 17.27 kg of DMK BSh was consumed. 1 kilogram of DMK BSh costs 40 rubles, 690.8 rubles were spent on the experiment. In the second series of experiments, 8.2 kg of the DMK BSh was consumed, 328 rubles were spent on the experiment. The live weight of chickens before slaughter averaged 1 series: experimental group - 2.03 kg, control - 1.9 kg. The mass of carcasses averaged: the experimental group - 1.66 kg, the control - 1.54 kg. Economic efficiency in the first series of experiments amounted to 3.04 rubles, in the second series - 2.5 rubles per 1 ruble of costs (Table 4).

After analyzing the results of production experiments, we can draw the following conclusions:

1) an additional introduction to the diet of chickens - broilers of the supplement of mineral feed BS with stabilized iodine in a dose of 2 kg per 1 ton of feed from the first day of life positively affects their growth, development and increase of meat productivity, while increasing safety;

2) the use of DMK BS with stabilized iodine in the diet of broiler chickens contributes to the preservation of health and reduces the likelihood of developing bone-articular pathology, manifested by a decrease in mortality from pathology of the musculoskeletal system;

3) the use of DMC BS with stabilized iodine contributes to the preservation of the microstructure and the formation of full cells of cartilage and muscle tissue, which are most dependent on the content of calcium ions in the body of broiler chickens;

4) the use of DMK BS with stabilized iodine reduces the cost of preventing bone-joint pathology and economic efficiency is 3.04 rubles per 1 ruble, the costs of the first and 2.5 rubles per 1 ruble of costs according to the second experiment.

To prevent the development of osteoarticular pathology in broilers, it is recommended to introduce BSh with stabilized iodine into the diet of DMK from the first day of life to slaughter, or with errors in feeding: poor-quality feed and unbalanced diets - from 7 days of life lasting 21 days, respectively, at a dose of 2 kilograms per ton of feed.

Thus, the use of DMK BS with stabilized iodine according to the proposed method is effective and can be recommended for use in poultry farms and farms in areas with technogenic pollution.

To simplify the use of DMK BSh with stabilized iodine, it can be introduced into the compounding formula at the rate of 2 kg per 1 ton of compound feed for preparation at compound feed plants.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of osteoarticular pathology in broilers, characterized in that from the 1st day of life during the growing and fattening period, or from the 7th day of life to the 28th day of life, chickens are introduced into the feed a mineral feed additive - white slime with stabilized iodine in a dose of 2 kg per 1 ton of feed, in 1, 9, 12, 13, 14 days of life Vit Okey is administered at the rate of 0.16 ml per head, for the 15th day of life - premix Broiler Up at the rate of 0.06 g per head, and from 23 for 25 days add Intra Calcium-Ferol at the rate of 0.6 ml per head.

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