RU2670242C1 - Method of identification of information means of air-defense fighting machine and device for identification of information means thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of armament. Method implemented by the device for adjusting the information means of the anti-air fighting machine (FM) is to measure the coordinates of the auxiliary objects, measure the range from the auxiliary facilities to the media of the FM, measurement of the angular coordinates of the auxiliary objects, which are adjusted by the information means of FM, with the subsequent determination of the misalignment value. Auxiliary objects, made with the possibility of radiation in different wavelength ranges, are installed without additional requirements on the height from the ground surface. In one of the adjustable information means, the FM forms a code message in the form of a pulse train, according to which the emission of auxiliary objects is switched on and controlled by their operation. After decryption (automatic determination of the structure of the team, code parcel) the received code packet, the radiation in one of the optical wavelength ranges is formed by a predetermined clock sequence selected from the code packet. Adjustable information means of the FM during the adjustment process are included in the signal reception mode.EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing the accuracy and speed of the alignment of the information means of the anti-air fighting machine (FM) during field operation.4 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to complexes having, as information tools, radar and optical systems for detecting and tracking targets and guiding missiles with a radio command system. The invention can be used to align systems and complexes, both of a combined composition and containing only radar or only optical systems, while changing the composition of auxiliary tools and equipment for alignment.

Known methods for adjusting radar systems for local objects, the position of which is determined by geodetic or optical means. However, this requires the presence on the ground of separate, sufficiently high reflective objects or specially installed on the towers of reflectors or radiators, which requires certain costs.

Known for the traditional and most common method of aligning the antenna on the tower [1]. Adjustable and auxiliary antennas are located at some distance from each other at heights, providing direct visibility and the absence of interfering objects near the communication line. To reduce the influence of reflected radio signals from the ground, the auxiliary or adjustable, or both antennas are located on towers. For this reason, this method of measuring the parameters of the antenna from the radiation of the auxiliary antenna in the far zone is conventionally called the tower method.

A known method of aligning the antenna of a monopulse system [2], the closest in terms of features and selected by us as a prototype. It consists in the fact that at a certain distance from the mechanical axis of the antenna being aligned, two optical devices are placed, connected with the aperture plane of the antenna, a line of sight of one of the optical devices is drawn to the optical radiation source, and the second to the geodetic mark, located together with the auxiliary antenna on the shield, installed on the tower, determine the optical radiation coordinates simultaneously with the angular coordinates of the auxiliary antenna with an optical device, determine the antenna misalignment, when In this case, the optical radiation source and the geodetic mark are removed from the phase center of the auxiliary antenna by distances, respectively, equal to the displacements of the optical radiation receiver and optical device from the axis of the antenna being adjusted. A significant disadvantage of this method is the use of the antenna as a re-emitting means, which leads to distortion of the reflected signal, as well as the need for accurate placement of the optical radiation device and the geodetic mark from the phase center of the auxiliary antenna, the angular coordinates of which depend on the orientation of its electric axis relative to the center of the aperture of the antenna being adjusted . These factors lead to an error in measuring the misalignment of the electrical and mechanical (optical) axes of the antenna being aligned.

A well-known quotation shield that allows alignment of target channels with missile [3], we have chosen as a prototype, on which an auxiliary antenna is installed with a simulated moving target, an optical emitter, an infrared emitter. The optical radiation source and infrared emitter are removed from the phase center of the auxiliary antenna by distances equal to the displacements of the optoelectronic and infrared direction finders from the center of the aperture of the radio direction finder. The shield is mounted on a three-axis drive, which ensures the shield is rotated in elevation, azimuth and roll. A moving target simulator is a signal re-emission device simulating a Doppler frequency shift of a received signal of a moving target. The shield is placed on a tower that is mounted on a car chassis and is equipped with a lifting mechanism that allows you to change the installation height of the shield.

The main disadvantage of this device is the insufficient accuracy of the adjustment, arising due to the relatively low reliability of the target simulation process, due to the fact that the reflected signal at the input of the adjusted radar almost always exists in combination with the signal reflected from the underlying surface located near or directly next to the simulated target. , there is a distortion of the signal from various add-ons or any metal objects (in particular from the lifting mechanism of the tower). The use of a three-axis drive for pointing the shield with devices to the adjusted information tools reduces the reliability and efficiency of adjustment control during operation. In addition, the disadvantage of the described methods and devices is the difficulty of controlling the auxiliary antenna, optical and infrared emitters placed on a shield mounted on the alignment tower of the car.

The objective of the invention is to increase the accuracy and efficiency of alignment of information tools of an anti-aircraft combat vehicle (BM) when operating in the field, by eliminating from the signals the influence of reflections from the earth's surface, simplifying the design of auxiliary objects and automatically controlling them by decrypting the code message transmitted from the BM .

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of aligning the information tools of the anti-aircraft combat vehicle (BM), which consists in measuring the coordinates of auxiliary objects, measuring the distance from auxiliary objects to the BM information means, measuring the angular coordinates of auxiliary objects with the adjusted information means of the BM, followed by determining the amount of misalignment , new is that auxiliary objects made with the possibility of radiation in different wavelength ranges, setting ie without any additional requirements on the height from the ground. In one of the adjusted information tools BM form the code package in the form of a sequence of pulses, in accordance with which include radiation of auxiliary objects. The operation of auxiliary objects is controlled after decryption (automatic determination of the command structure, code message) of the received code message, radiation in one of the optical wavelength ranges is generated from a predetermined clock sequence extracted from the code message, while the adjusted information tools of the BM in the process of adjustment include signal reception mode. The radiation parameters of auxiliary objects are set in the wavelength ranges corresponding to the radiated and reflected target and missile signals. The decoding of the code packet is carried out with any code combination received three times in a row, except for the combination corresponding to all units.

The alignment method is implemented in a device for adjusting the information tools of an anti-aircraft combat vehicle (BM), containing auxiliary objects including an auxiliary antenna, an optical emitter, an infrared emitter and a moving target simulator, a new one is that a code pulse receiving and decoding unit and a simulator are introduced into the device the moving target is made in the form of a stable frequency emitting generator connected to an antenna-feeder device (AFU) of the appropriate wavelength, and the infrared emitter is made with the possibility of adjusting the strength of radiation, wherein the radiating oscillator inputs stable frequency, optical emitter and an infrared emitter made controllable and connected to the output receiving unit and the decryption code pulses, both having an input connected to the output of the corresponding AFD receiving a message frame with BM.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that with high accuracy and promptly in the field to control and coordinate the axes of the lines of sight of all information tools for detecting, tracking targets and guiding anti-aircraft missile fighting vehicles, simplify auxiliary objects, ensuring their automatic inclusion and control of their parameters by decryption of the code parcel received from the combat vehicle.

To solve this problem, emitting auxiliary objects are used, and the work of aligned information tools is included only for reception. This eliminates the influence of reflections from the earth’s surface, install auxiliary objects without additional height requirements from the earth’s surface, increase the accuracy of alignment by eliminating distortions in the signals, and also simplify the design of the device for alignment.

Setting the radiation parameters of auxiliary objects in the wavelength ranges corresponding to the signals emitted and reflected by the target and the missile makes it possible to verify the accuracy of alignment of BM information tools for the entire working range of their operating ranges.

The decoding of the code message for any code combination received three times in a row, except for the combination corresponding to all units, ensures the reliability and correctness of decryption when generating control signals for auxiliary objects.

The proposed solutions allow alignment of radar and optical systems of various ranges of the target and missile channels of anti-aircraft BM in the field when placing the alignment device regardless of height in the zone of formation of radiation patterns of BM radar systems.

The introduction of the reception and decryption unit made it possible to automatically turn on and set the parameters of auxiliary objects after decoding the code message received on the radio link with the BM. This reduced the dimensions, simplified the design of the device for alignment, made it possible to place all auxiliary objects in one case and set them on a tripod, which increased efficiency, simplified the process of alignment of BMs in the field, with improved alignment accuracy, and significantly reduced the cost of adjustment equipment (excluded shield, a car with a tower, power supplies and maintenance personnel, since BM calculates the adjustment, and the power supply from the battery is 24 V).

The invention is illustrated by graphic material, where in Fig 1. shows a functional diagram of the alignment method and device for adjusting the anti-aircraft combat vehicle; in FIG. 2 - structure of the code message. In FIG. 1-2 the following notation is accepted:

1 - device for alignment (UY);

2 - block reception and decryption of the code parcel (BAP);

3 - auxiliary objects;

4 - emitting generator of a stable frequency (RNG-8);

5 - antenna-feeder device (AFU-8);

6 - emitting generator of a stable frequency (RNG-10),

7 - antenna-feeder device (AFU-10);

8 - optical target simulator (JRC);

9 - a simulator of a laser missile responder (ILO);

10 - code parcel for the BJP;

11 - microwave radiation in the frequency range of radar systems (OFAR and ATS);

12 - microwave radiation of the SOC frequency range;

13 - thermal radiation of the TPV frequency range;

14 - laser radiation of the frequency range of the ICP;

15 - anti-aircraft combat vehicle [4] with adjustable information tools;

16 - multifunctional radar tracking system for target tracking and missile guidance (MRLS) with the presence of target and missile channel intervals;

17 - the main phased antenna array (OFAR) radar with receiver, transmitter, synchronizer-encoder;

18 - input antenna (ABP) of an anti-aircraft missile defense radar (SAM) with a receiver;

19 - target detection station with an antenna and a receiving device (SOC);

20 - thermal imager (TPV) with a teleautomaton (TA) of the optoelectronic system (OES);

21 - infrared direction finder (IKP) OES;

22 - central computing system (CVS)

A stable frequency emitting generator (RNG-8) imitates the reflected signal from a target and a missile for a multifunctional radar tracking system for target tracking and missile guidance (MRLS). As a RNG-8, it is possible to use a standard generator from an MRLS transmitter.

Antenna-feeder device (AFU-8) of the wavelength range of the radar. AFU-8 forms the necessary radiation pattern width of 1-2 ° (DN), converts the circular polarization of the signal to linear when receiving a code message and limits the level of the microwave signal to a certain level, transfers it to the reception and decryption unit, and also converts linear polarization to circular when transmitting radiation to BM. As an AFU-8, it is possible to use the standard antenna of a SAM radio responder, which works both for signal emission from an RNG-8 and for receiving a code message from a BM and transmitting this message to a reception and decryption unit.

The emitting stable frequency generator (RNG-10), combined with an antenna-feeder device (AFU-10) of the wavelength range of the target detection station, simulates the reflected signal from the target for SOC (it is possible to use a standard generator from the SOC transmitter).

An optical target simulator (JRC) simulates the radiation of a target in the TPV wavelength range with the necessary diagram. It is possible to use several simultaneously operating LEDs located as close as possible to each other in a diameter of up to 30 mm, emitting in the TPV range and not emitting in the wavelength range of the laser missile transponder [5].

A simulator of a laser missile responder (ILO) imitates the radiation of a rocket in the wavelength range of an infrared direction finder (IRF) and generates the necessary diagram for radiation. It is possible to use several simultaneously operating LEDs at the wavelength of the laser missile responder located in a diameter of 15 mm [6].

The receiving and decoding unit (BPD) provides through AFU-8 the reception of a code (command) message from the OFAR MRS transmitter. To receive a code package with a BM, the input of the receiving part of the BPD is connected to the output of the AFU-8.

The BPD automatically determines from the interval of the third pulse “P” the structure of the encoded control packet (command) sent from the radar, shown in FIG. 2. The structure is determined after turning on the BDT in three consecutively correctly received premises. After switching on, the BPD is tuned to the structure corresponding to t _by = "0" and t _p1 = "1". If three consecutively received parcels have a code combination - all units, then the BPD does not decrypt, but switches to the standard command structure for SAM; If a code combination is accepted three times in a row (not all units), then the BDT does not switch the structure of the code message, but performs automatic determination of the structure of control signals for auxiliary objects.

The BPD extracts a “clock” triple of pulses from the code packet and, after a delay time t _s from the leading edge of the first pulse of the “TACT” command (see Fig. 2), generates radiation pulses in the optical wavelength range of ICPs of different durations depending on the delay time and transmits them in the ILO. PLA emits pulses of a given duration, received from the BAP.

Commands for managing auxiliary facilities are transmitted to the air traffic control unit via a radio link with OFAR BMRS BM in package “P”. The package "P" (ten pulses P1-P10) is encoded in the radar by adding a third pulse to the addresses of the radio responder request with an interval t _by = "0" or t _p1 = "1". BPD decrypts the code packets from the radar when controlling auxiliary radiating objects in accordance with the incoming codes.

During the adjustment, the “P” command transmits the code of the operating frequency of the radar control system and SOC, status (on-off, set the value of the necessary parameter) RNG-8, RNG-10, OIC, ILO in accordance with table 1.

In the first pulse P1 of the “P” command, information is transmitted that information on the frequency or state of the source is transmitted in this package:

- when P1 = 1, the following are transmitted: the consumer of the frequency of the radar or SOC (at P2, P3) and the “Frequency code” (at P4-P10) - the required frequency for the consumer. If the pulses П1 = 1 and П2 = 0 and П3 = 0, then the frequency consumer is the radar (OA and ATS) and the value of the radar operating frequency is transmitted in the “Frequency code” field, the BPD transmits a signal to the RNG-8 to set the radar operating frequency. If pulses P1 = 1 and P2 = 1 and P3 = 0, then the BPD transmits a signal to the RNG-10 to set the frequency of the SOC;

- at П1 = 0 the following are transmitted: control signals ГСЧ-8, ГССЧ-10, ОИЦ, ИЛО (on П2-П4) and "Source status code" (on П5-П10) - the required state of the source. If pulses P1 = 0 and P2 = 0 and P3 = 1 and P4 = 0, the source for control is the JRC and in the field "Source status code" (pulses P5-P10) the state of the JRC is transmitted, the BPD transmits a signal to turn on the JRC with the necessary parameter radiation. If the pulses П1 = 0 and П2 = 0 and П3 = 1 and П4 = 1, then the source for control is PLO and in the field “Source status code” (pulses P5-P10) a certain radiation pulse duration is transmitted for the optical wavelength range of ICP, BPD transmits a signal to turn on PLA with radiation for the ICP. If pulses P1 = 0 and P2 = 1 and P3 = 0 and P4 = 1, then the source for control is RNG-8 and the state of RNG-8 is transmitted in the field “Source status code” (pulses P5-P10), the air-conditioner transmits a signal to inclusion of radiation RNG-8. If pulses P1 = 0 and P2 = 1 and P3 = 0 and P4 = 0, then the source for control is RNG-10 and the state of RNG-10 is transmitted in the field “Source status code” (pulses P5-P10), the BPD transmits a signal to inclusion of radiation RNG-10.

Depending on the state of the pulses P5-P10, the control parameters for the corresponding radiation source are transmitted in the code package: radiation power GSCh-8 and RNG-10; the radiation intensity of the JRC, the duration and strength of the radiation of the pulse PLA.

In the absence of receiving control commands or the absence of pulses forming the “P” command or when receiving combinations that do not correspond to the state described above, the RNG-8, RNG-10, PLO, JRC do not change, the previous values are remembered.

Structurally, all auxiliary radiating objects and the reception and decryption unit are placed in a single unit in a metal case with sun screens. The front panel is closed by a removable cover.

To perform horizontal leveling along the roll parallel to the horizontal base line, a bubble level is installed on the housing, which ensures horizontal leveling accuracy of the roll up to 5 mrad, as well as a seat for the cold sighting tube.

All emitting devices in the housing were arranged to ensure that the directions of the maxima of the radiation patterns of the ILO emitter, the JRC emitter, the AFU-8 and AFU-10 antennas are parallel with respect to the TC axis with a deviation of not more than 1 °.

A connector for connecting power cables is located on the rear wall of the case, a carrying handle is located on the upper wall, and a device for mounting on a tripod is located at the bottom. The tripod has adjustable supports and rotary mechanisms for precise leveling, guidance of the axes of auxiliary radiation objects to information tools and locking.

Work on the proposed method of adjustment and device for alignment anti-aircraft BM is as follows. When adjusting the BM information tools, the matching of the alignment of the lines of sight of these tools when measuring the coordinates of targets and missiles is revealed and includes verification of misalignments:

- the main phased antenna array and antenna input missile radar;

- thermal imaging channel and infrared direction finder OES;

- thermal imaging channel of the UES and OFAR MRLS;

- antennas of the target detection station and OFAR radar.

They set up the UY with a tripod at a distance of 150-200 m from the BM without additional requirements for the installation height from the ground, provided that line of sight is provided from the BM. Set OFAR radar and field of view OES BM in the direction of UY with an accuracy of ± 0.5 °. Connect the power cable to the UY. They send the UY towards BM and, using TXP, point at the OFAR BMRS BM in azimuth. After that, they conduct leveling of the UY with the help of the bubble level installed on the control site.

Install the laser range finder on the UY body and measure the distance from the plane of the UY front panel to the OFAR BMRS. The measured range is reported to the BM calculation, which from the BM control panel enters the received value into the BM DAC for use in calculating the misalignment parameters. Turn on the power supply UY.

Turn on the BM in the functional state “Combat operation”, the “Adjustment” mode, while the radar control system does not emit at the target channel intervals. At one of the missile channel intervals, the radar control system generates a code message that determines, for example, one of the following states of auxiliary objects of UY:

- codes for the generation frequencies of the RNG-8 and RNG-10;

- RNG-8 is turned on with the necessary radiation power;

- RNG-10 is included;

- JRC included with a certain radiation power;

- PLA is turned on with a given duration and pulse radiation power.

The BPD through the coupler from AFU-8 receives the code package, decrypts it, and turns on the radiation of auxiliary objects (RNG-8, RNG-10, JRC, ILO) in accordance with the parameters adopted in the encoded package.

The BM operator points the target gate of the optoelectronic system to the JRC and captures the JRC for automatic tracking by the OEC teleautomaton, determining the coordinates of the JRC. SOC carries out additional search, capture and route tracking of the target, simulated by the radiation of the RNG-10, and determines its coordinates.

MRLS carries out additional search, capture for tracking and determination of target coordinates in OFAR and missile coordinates in ABP and OFAR, which are simulated by radiation of RNG-8. The separation of coordinates into target and missile is provided by the radar-controlled radar by polling the emitted RNG-8 signal at target and missile channel intervals, respectively.

The coordinates of targets and missiles that simulate emitted auxiliary objects (RNG-8 with AFU-8, RNG-10 with AFU-10, OIC, ILO) measured in BM (MRLS, SOTs, OES, IKP) arrive at the BMV BM. The DAC calculates the coordinate difference according to the corresponding formula dependencies and introduces the necessary corrections to the coordinates to compensate for misalignments.

Thus, the implementation of auxiliary objects by radiating instead of reflecting ones, and combat vehicle systems operating only on receiving radiation, made it possible to obtain measurements independent of the reflections created by re-radiations from the earth's surface and other objects (structures), and to increase the accuracy of measurements when adjusting BM information tools.

The use of the radio command code parcel of missile control implemented in OFAR BMRS by forming in the “Alignment” mode a special code parcel containing information about the necessary parameters for auxiliary radiation objects, turning them on, off, and introducing into the device for aligning the reception and decryption unit connected by the input with the output of the antenna-feeder device receiving the code package, after its decryption, it was possible to automatically turn on and install the parameters specified from the BM, etrov auxiliary facilities.

The automatic installation of the technical parameters of the emitted auxiliary objects (wavelength range, radiation power, magnitude of the radiation intensity and pulse duration) and their correspondence to the signals emitted and reflected by the target and the missile made it possible to carry out the adjustment of BM information tools for the entire working range of their operating ranges while maintaining alignment accuracy.

Deciphering the code package only for any code combination received three times in a row, except for the combination corresponding to all units, ensured high reliability of measuring the coordinates of the emitting auxiliary objects with BM information tools and protection against accidental interference in the code package.

The use of a predetermined clock sequence from the radio command code parcel made it possible to generate the duration of the radiation pulse in one of the optical wavelength ranges for the laser emitter without the possibility of radiation in the wavelength range of another (thermal) optical emitter.

The totality of the technical solutions allowed:

- with high accuracy, reliably and promptly carry out in the field control and coordination of the axes of the line of sight of all information means of detection, tracking of targets and guidance of anti-aircraft combat missiles, simplify auxiliary objects, ensuring their automatic inclusion and control of their technical parameters by decrypting the code message taken from a combat vehicle;

- carry out the alignment of radar and optical systems of various wavelength ranges of the target and missile channels of anti-aircraft BM in the field when placing the device for alignment regardless of height in the zone of formation of radiation patterns of radar systems and visual fields of optical systems BM;

- simplify the process of preparation for alignment and BM alignment itself in the field, with improved alignment accuracy, as well as significantly reduce the cost of alignment equipment (excluding shield, car with a tower, power supplies and maintenance personnel).

Information sources:

1. L.N. Zakharyev, A.A. Lemansky, V.I. Turchin et al. Methods for measuring the characteristics of microwave antennas. Edited by N.M. Zeitlina. - M., Radio and Communications, 1985 - 114 p.

2. RF patent No. 2315328 IPC G01R 29/10 of January 25, 2006.

3. RF patent for the invention No. 2406066 F42B 15/01, G015 7/40 from 03.08.2009

4 RF Patent IPC F41H 7/00 No. 2321818 IPC F41H 7/00 dated 04/10/2008

5. LLC AIBI. Photodetectors 2.4; 2.5; 3.6; 4.8 μm, catalog - 2013

6. Magazine "Semiconductor lighting" No. 3, 2014

Claims (4)

1. The method of alignment of the information tools of the anti-aircraft combat vehicle (BM), which consists in measuring the coordinates of auxiliary objects, measuring the distance from auxiliary objects to the BM information tools, measuring the angular coordinates of auxiliary objects with the adjusted information means BM, followed by determining the amount of misalignment, characterized in that the auxiliary objects made with the possibility of radiation in different wavelength ranges are installed without additional height requirements from land, in one of the adjusted information tools BM form a code message in the form of a sequence of pulses, in accordance with which the radiation of auxiliary objects is switched on and their work is controlled, after decryption (automatic determination of the command structure, code message) of the received code message, radiation in one of optical wavelength ranges are formed by a predetermined clock sequence extracted from the code packet, while the adjusted information means B M during the adjustment process include in the mode of receiving signals. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the radiation parameters of auxiliary objects in the wavelength ranges are set corresponding to the radiated and reflected target and missile signals. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the decryption of the code package is carried out at any received three times in a row code combination, except for the combination corresponding to all units. 4. A device for adjusting the information tools of an anti-aircraft combat vehicle (BM), containing auxiliary objects, including an auxiliary antenna, an optical emitter, an infrared emitter and a moving target simulator, characterized in that a code pulse receiving and decoding unit is introduced into the device, a moving target simulator is made in the form of a stable frequency emitting generator connected to an antenna-feeder device (AFU) of the appropriate wavelength, and the infrared emitter is made with the possibility of regulation I is the magnitude of the radiation force, while the inputs of the emitting stable frequency generator, optical emitter, and infrared emitter are made controllable and connected to the output of the code pulse receiving and decoding unit, the input of which is simultaneously connected to the output of the corresponding AFU, which receives the code package from the BM.

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