RU2666455C2 - Devices for water bag releasing at fire extinguishing with use of helicopters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed to drop water from helicopters to extinguish fires. Device for dropping water from helicopters for extinguishing fires contains a rectangular box made of metal or other suitable material, located directly in front of the open rear hatch of the helicopter, divided vertically into sections-storerooms, having separators into which bags of water are loaded, or a reel with two wide ribbons wrapped between which water bags are packed, to extinguish the fire, two tapes are simultaneously unwound, releasing the bags from the exit hatch, wound on two axes, located behind the above and behind the original reel. To extinguish the fire, the bags are released to the bag scatterer, which is a sloping flat surface with guides, at the base of the open hatch of the helicopter, after its readiness, slope of a sloping flat surface with dividers is selected by practical consideration.

EFFECT: bags with water fall at a speed gain and after the explosive destruction of packets effectively scatter water.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, to devices for dropping water in bags from helicopters to extinguish forest and other fires.

State of the art

Known devices for dropping water from helicopters to extinguish fires when water falls down. In this case, water falls in the form, even when water is dispersed, of one large diffuse mass. When falling, this diffuse mass covers a certain, not a large area. Moreover, even when water is dispersed, part of the water falls in small, dense portions. When falling onto the soil (forest fires), this water may be ineffective for suppressing fire. In case of inaccurate contact with intensely burning areas, places irrigated with water can quickly dry from nearby intensely burning places and remain a source of high and / or high temperature. Further, the effectiveness of the use of water depends on the accuracy of the discharge of water. With the usual discharge of water there is a difficulty with aimed hit of water on burning areas. Partial attribution by wind, air movements of the discharged dispersed water from an object with fire is possible.

A device has been proposed to extinguish peatland fires from the air by dropping water into funnels previously obtained by explosives, RU 2452541 C1, 10.06.2012. The method is applicable only for extinguishing burning peatlands.

It was proposed to extinguish forest fires using an airship, by throwing water shells up to 300 m, prepared immediately before throwing, RU 2342177 C2, 12/27/2008. The use of airships for delivering water to a fire place and discharging water to a fire has obvious disadvantages, such as a low flight speed and possible difficulties in approaching a fire due to air movement. Throwing water shells at a distance of up to 300 m is also, as it seems to the author, problematic. And when throwing water shells at a small distance, it is difficult to carry out aiming.

It has been proposed to extinguish forest fires by discharging non-aqueous foaming extinguishing agents, US 2008087444 A1, 17.94.2008. The method is not small in cost. Aiming when dropping non-aqueous foaming extinguishing agents can be difficult. It was proposed to extinguish forest fires by dropping pre-prepared exploding balls, 80-100 mm in diameter, filled with sand, gravel, carbon dioxide, alkali, water, granular explosives ("and so on", ← the authors), RU 2004116927 A, 2006.02.27 . This method is very expensive and has negative environmental consequences (forest pollution, damage to vegetation saved from fire by explosives). It was proposed to extinguish forest fires by dropping water from a durable bag, while releasing the water by cutting off the bottom of the durable bag, FR 2665874 A1, 1992.02.21. The method is almost identical to simply dropping water from a helicopter from a metal tank, since the metal tank is freed from the water very quickly. The method has the disadvantage inherent in dropping a considerable amount of water in one portion, this is a reduced efficiency of water use with inaccurate discharge. A durable bag is used once, which increases the cost of extinguishing a fire. It is well known to drop large amounts of water from Be aircraft. This effective method is characterized by high water consumption and complexity of application.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of water discharged from helicopters to extinguish fires. This is achieved by the fact that the water is pre-packaged in paper bags, the bags are pre-loaded into the helicopter in a special device, and for use, the water bags are discarded. Packets of water after dropping from helicopters gain more speed and water when the packets hit the soil, burning objects, after the explosive destruction of the packages are effectively scattered. Water drop on weaker burning objects is excluded with large dense masses, which is ineffective for extinguishing a fire.

In forest fires during the spread of fire, areas of more efficient combustion are formed due to the configuration and location of available combustible materials. These are randomly especially accumulated leaves, fallen branches, their location (due to air movement, soil relief), nearby vegetation, and the absence of shade. For example, in dry weather, local fire occurs (from a half-empty plastic bottle). At first, weak burning can slowly spread, then either fade away or meet a cluster of leaves, fallen branches, in the absence of a shadow, in a suitable place, with a suitable arising air movement. Such a cluster flares up and forms a hotbed of heat. The fire begins to spread. Such hot spots (for example, once, by someone who has a bunch of branches folded) constantly occur during the spread of fire and are responsible for the spread and maintenance of the fire. With the usual discharge of water, there is a difficulty with targeted hit of water on such foci. The impact on the accuracy of the drop is provided by wind, air movement. When dropping packets, it is easier to aim. It is possible to correct dropping packets after dropping a small portion of packets. Dropping water in bags reduces or completely eliminates the effect of wind and air movement on the accuracy of dropping water in bags. In a typical water discharge, water falling on hot spots in small quantities can quickly evaporate and therefore is not effective for extinguishing, since after drying, strong combustion then resumes.

When water is discharged in packets and the packets are not completely accurate on the burning sites (near them), they can lead to the destruction of the formed burning areas with high temperature, due to the impact of the shock wave and weakening of the fire. It is known that a good fire can be put out without water, breaking it up, scattering burning branches. Scattered branches can burn through without spreading fire and go out. That is, dropping the packages can destroy the foci of combustion, which are sources of higher temperature, sintered burning materials, which leads to a weakening of combustion.

Dropping packets in large quantities (massive dropping) can lead to disruption of the temporarily stable circulation of hot air formed during combustion and weakening of combustion. Alternatively, for mass dropping of packets, it is possible to concentrate the packets during dropping, in which the packets fall in dense groups.

When water is discharged in the packages, the packages disperse, as a result of which the water from the packages is distributed more evenly over the drop area, in small portions, and after the explosive destruction of the packages, the effect of water on the burning area is more uniform, since there are no falling large dense masses of water.

Thus, when discharging water in packages to extinguish forest fires:

1. Perhaps more accurate aiming when dropping water. Excludes influence on the accuracy of dropping wind, air movement.

2. When discharging water, a more uniform distribution of water over the combustion area is possible.

3. Excluded the fall of water in large portions on the forest litter, on the weaker burning areas.

4. When discharging water, it is possible to effectively destroy the foci of combustion, due to the impact of falling, collapsing packets and shock waves from their destruction.

5. Massive dropping of packages to intensely burning areas is possible, while the explosive nature of the release of water ensures the efficient use of water.

6. The explosive nature of the release of water when dropping packages ensures the efficient use of water in all cases, for example, water is not absorbed by the litter and falls onto the litter after dispersion during the explosion.

7. The explosive nature of the release of water during the fall of the packets allows for the concentration of packets, with massive dropping of packets to create a band suppressing fire. So, dropping 1000 packets at a distance of 200 meters, giving an average drop density of 5 packets / meter with an explosive distribution of water, can give an overwhelming fire strip.

Modern industry has the ability to easily produce packages of water of different volumes in large quantities, with low cost. Packages are loaded into inexpensive boxes of simple design or into reels on the frame and can be stored for a long time until use. With the exception of a simple packet diffuser, which is 100% functioning as a rear hatch of a helicopter, no modification of helicopters is required. The box with packages is loaded into the cargo compartment of the helicopter through the rear hatch as a unit of packaging.

Description of drawings

The invention is presented in the form of an idea, the drawings explain the idea presented.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for dropping bags of water in the form of a box.

In FIG. 2 shows a device for dispersing discarded packets with water.

In FIG. 3 shows a device for dropping packets of water in the form of a drum with tapes.

The implementation of the invention

The invention is presented as an idea, the implementation of the invention details the idea presented.

The device for dropping can be implemented in 2 ways.

1. Method 1. The device (Fig. 1) contains a rectangular box (Fig. 1-1, the upper plane and part of the side plane are not shown) divided vertically into whatnots (Fig. 1-2), to fill each whatnot and the entire box bags of water. The number of shelves is determined during the manufacture of the device and is determined by the size of the packages. Each bookcase has dividers (Figs. 1-3) to exclude packet interaction when packets slip off the bookmarks. On the sides "A" and "B" the box has no planes. On the sides "A" and "B" the box (Fig. 1-1) has devices for closing the shelves (not shown), to prevent the spontaneous exit of packages (slipping due to vibration). One closure may close one or more whatnots.

Another component of the device is the diffuser (Fig. 2, A) of the packages - a rectangular, flat surface at the base of the open hatch, behind the helicopter, it is the door of the rear hatch, after alerting it by turning on the axis (Fig. 2, A-3) hanging below the helicopter floor. The axis is mounted on a helicopter, below, at the exit hatch. The flat surface (Fig. 2, A-1) has straight ribs-guides (Fig. 2, A-2), guiding the sliding-rolling of the packages, to disperse the packages. The tilt of the diffuser of the packages after putting it ready at the base of the open hatch, behind the helicopter, is selected empirically. The number of guide ribs, the distance between them, the dispersion angles are selected during the manufacture of the device and during the tests and must take into account the number and size of packages placed on the width of the shelves of a rectangular box. The number of packages placed on the width of the shelves of a rectangular box depends on the size of the packages.

Straight guide ribs (Fig. 2, A-2) used to disperse packets during dropping, in the initial position are folded onto a flat surface and can either be brought into a position perpendicular to the plane to disperse packets or remain in the initial state for a denser, massive dropping packages. If the straight ribs-guides (Fig. 2, B-2) are left in the initial state, it is possible to quickly place 2 ribs (Fig. 2, A-4) on the flat surface with the diffuser ribs folded on it to concentrate the packets when dropping. In this case, the packages will be discarded from the width, even 40-50 cm and fall more densely on a forest fire.

With 1 method for implementing the device, the device operates as follows. The box, divided vertically into whatnots, is filled with packets of water. The surfaces of the separating shelves are lubricated with machine oil. To use the device, the closing boxes (shelves) are opened from the sides “A” and “B” of the device (not shown) and the entire layer of packets from the shelves is pushed out (by an employee) to the hatch on the prepared diffuser so that it rolls over and disperses when it falls from a helicopter. You can open not 1, but 2, 3 shutters. This will provide a quick push-roll of all packages, the entire water charge of the box, a massive dropping of packages with water. The entire box can have a slope of 10-20 degrees in the direction of the exit packages. The tilt of the box is selected empirically and should ensure, together with closing devices, the reliable retention of packages in the box, without affecting the packages. The tilt of the box can be created before use. The ejection of packages from the box is easy to automate, and be able to carry out at different speeds.

Note. With this method of implementing the invention, the device can be used without modification for planting specially prepared young seedlings of trees from helicopters, for feeding wild animals.

2. Method 2. The device (Fig. 3) has an axis (1) on which 2 wide tapes (2) can be wound, eventually forming a thick cylinder of 2 tapes (bobbin). To use the device, when winding 2 tapes on an axis, packets of water are placed between the tapes (3). The result is a bobbin in which packages of water are packed between 2 tapes. The tapes wound around the axis can be unwound (4) and assembled on 2 other axes (not shown). At the same time, packets of water along one of the tapes are conveyed to an open hatch by a conveyor and discarded from a helicopter. The dropping speed can be controlled by the unwinding speed of the packet reel. The axis on which the reel charged with packets is wound, 2 axes on which both tapes are wound after dropping the packets, the electric motors moving both tapes are fixed in a frame (not shown), which is loaded into the helicopter as one unit of packaging.

Another component of the device is the diffuser (Fig. 2) of the packets — a rectangular, flat surface at the base of the open hatch, behind the helicopter, it is the door of the rear hatch, after it is alerted by turning on the axis (3), hanging below the helicopter floor. The axis is mounted on a helicopter, below, at the exit hatch. The flat surface (1) has straight ribs-guides (2), guiding the sliding-rolling of the abandoned packets, to disperse the packets. The tilt of the diffuser of the packages after putting it ready at the base of the open hatch, behind the helicopter, is selected empirically. The number of guide ribs, the distance between them, the dispersion angles are selected during the manufacture of the device and during the tests and must take into account the number of packets placed on the width of the shelves of a rectangular box. The number of packages placed on the width of the shelves of a rectangular box depends on the size of the packages. Straight guide ribs (2) serving to disperse packets during dropping, in the initial position are folded onto a flat surface and can either be brought into a position perpendicular to the plane to disperse the packets or remain in the initial state for a denser, massive dropping of packets. If the straight ribs-guides (2) are left in the initial state, it is possible to quickly place 2 ribs on the flat surface with the diffuser ribs folded on it to concentrate the packets when dropping. In this case, the packages will be discarded from the width, even 40-50 cm and fall more densely on a forest fire. The device diffusers for both cases, the implementation of the device is identical.

With the 2nd method of implementing the device, the device operates as follows. Packages fit between 2 flat, wide ribbons. Ribbons with packages are coiled, forming a reel with packages. Bobbins with bags are prepared in advance, stored and placed in a helicopter before departure. For use, 2 tapes are unwound at the same time, while packets of water along one of the tapes (on the bottom) are fed to the open hatch via a conveyor, at the exit hatch the packets are dropped onto a ready-made diffuser to scatter along it when falling from a helicopter, and 2 tapes are wound on 2 different axes, above and below the packet output.

With both methods of implementing the device, devices with water are prepared in advance, the required number of copies and quickly loaded into the helicopter before departure.

Modern industry makes it easy to prepare a large number of bags of different volumes.

Claims (2)

1. A device for dropping water from helicopters to extinguish fires, containing a rectangular box of metal or other acceptable material, located directly in front of the open rear hatch of the helicopter, vertically divided into sections-shelves having dividers into which packages of water are loaded, bags with water to extinguish the fire are discharged by an employee on a packet diffuser, which is a sloping flat surface with guides, at the base of the open hatch of the helicopter, after it is alerted moreover, the slope of the sloping flat surface with dividers is selected empirically. 2. A device for dropping water from helicopters to extinguish fires, containing a reel with two wide tapes wound between them, packets of water are packed between them, to extinguish a fire, two tapes are unwound at the same time, freeing packets from the exit hatch, winding on two axes located at the rear above and back below the original reel, while the packets of water are discharged onto the diffuser of the packets, which is a sloping flat surface with guides, at the base of the open hatch of the helicopter, after bringing it ready, Rich slope sloping planar surface delimited chosen empirically.

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