RU2319527C2 - Forest fire-extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting, particularly equipment for forest fire extinguishing by fire site isolation with metal mesh and fire-extinguishant spraying.

SUBSTANCE: method involves simultaneously delivering rolled metal mesh and fire-extinguishant to fire site with the use of airborne vehicle; dropping mesh as airborne vehicle reaches fire site for mesh unfolding and fire-site covering; spraying metal mesh with fire-extinguishant onto fire site from airborne vehicle or with the use of throwing devices arranged in safe locations or with the use of solid long-range jets. Mesh perimeter has ruby color to facilitate precise device dropping area determination from patrolling airborne vehicle or from other observation means.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of fire-extinguishant spraying, increased fire-extinguishing efficiency due to improved fire spread suppression and water cooling.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for extinguishing large forest fires.

It is known that the choice of methods and technical means for extinguishing a fire depends on the type, intensity and speed of spreading the fire, the environment, the availability of fire extinguishing forces and means, the planned tactics and the timing of the fire, as well as the meteorological situation (Yu.L. Vorobyov, V. A. Akimov, Yu.I. Sokolov, edited by Yu.L. Vorobiev, Forest fires in Russia: Status and problems, EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow: DEKS-PRESS, 2004, p. 183).

From patent RU 2143295, cl. A62C 31/00, publ. 12/27/1999, it is known a means for extinguishing forest fires, adopted as the closest analogue.

However, this device, containing a hanging tank suspended from the aircraft, is not effective enough.

To increase the efficiency of extinguishing fires, the device according to the invention comprises an overflow tank suspended from the aircraft, to the lower part of which a metal mesh is attached when folded up and with the possibility of quick expansion when approaching the fire and dumping onto a given fire extinguishing area with the latter closing, and the overflow tank is intended for irrigation of discarded metal mesh.

In addition, the metal mesh can be painted around the perimeter in bright red color and folded into a roll.

The extinguishing effect using the inventive device is achieved, on the one hand, by the fire-retardant effect of the metal mesh at the first stage of the quenching process, and on the other hand, by the cooling effect, for example, of water, at the second stage of the quenching process. Moreover, the fire extinguishing effect of the grid can be explained by the removal of heat of the flame into the grid, as confirmed by studies [Palmer KN, 7 Symposium on Combustion, 1968, p.497], as well as by crushing the flame in the grid cells, which ultimately reduces to suppressing the combustion process in each grid cell. This greatly facilitates the process of extinguishing the main focus of the fire during further irrigation of the metal mesh, for example, from a spillway device.

Especially important is this method of extinguishing when extinguishing powerful fires, when a strong upward flow of hot air is formed, and the water discharged from fire-fighting aircraft and helicopters evaporates in the air (Yu.L. Vorobyov, V.A. Akimov, Yu.I. Sokolov. Under General editorship of Yu.L. Vorobyov Forest fires in Russia: Status and problems. EMERCOM of Russia. - M.: DEKS-PRESS, 2004, p.191).

Dropping from a height into the fire source of a metal grid in a straightened form, covering a given area for extinguishing a fire site, and subsequent irrigation of the said metal grid from an aircraft (or previously from a safe distance - using propelling means, or using powerful continuous long-range jets) allows to effectively carry out the process of extinguishing a fire source in comparison with irrigation of the aforementioned fire source from a spillway device, since working with this device is very difficult and dangerous, and He is highly trained in flight personnel (Yu.L. Vorobyov, V.A. Akimov, Yu.I. Sokolov. Under the general editorship of Yu.L. Vorobyov. Forest fires in Russia: Status and problems. EMERCOM of Russia. - M .: DEKS-PRESS, 2004, p. 189).

The use of the extinguishing device according to the invention, in comparison with the irrigation of a fire source from a spillway device, also makes it possible to reduce the intensity of irrigation with the fire extinguishing composition of the indicated center and cost less, for example, water. Moreover, when dropping a metal mesh that assumes the position of a wooded area, that is, encircling all obstacles, the proposed extinguishing method is effective when irrigating a fire extinguishing agent with certain sections of the mesh located both in horizontal and in inclined position.

The execution of the inventive device upon delivery to the fire site in the form of a metal mesh, folded, for example, in the form of a roll, allows you to quickly deliver this device to the fire site using an aircraft. Moreover, based on the fact that the optimal dimensions of the metal mesh are for a steel mesh with a mesh width of 0.02-0.07 m and a wire diameter of 0.0005 to 0.001 m, then with a unit mesh area of 400 m ² with such characteristics, its mass will be about 50 kg.

Coloring the perimeter of the metal mesh in bright red allows to increase the accuracy of determining the place of discharge of the inventive device from an observer aircraft or using other observational means, as well as to increase the accuracy of the discharge of the extinguishing agent from a height, for example, from an aircraft during irrigation of the said metal mesh.

The device (Fig. 1) consists of an aircraft 1, to the fuselage of which a spillway device 3 is attached to the cable 2. In the transport mode, a metal mesh is folded, for example, in the form of a roll 6, to the lower part of the spillway device 3; .

The device operates as follows. After a forest fire is detected, for example, by a civil aviation observer pilot and as a result of reconnaissance, the observation data is sent to the dispatch control center, which sends the aircraft 1 to extinguish the fire, for example, the Mi-26 T.

When approaching a predetermined source of fire, the aircraft 1 hangs over it (figure 2). Then the connection 4 and 5 release the metal mesh 7 from the folded (transport) position. When approaching the fire, the roll 6 quickly straightens in the air, after which the grid 7 closes the specified area for extinguishing the fire.

Moreover, when dropping, the metal grid takes the position of a wooded area, that is, it fits all obstacles.

The perimeter of the grid is bright red. This improves the accuracy of determining the discharge location of the inventive device from the aircraft 1 itself, and from an observer aircraft or by other observational means. This significantly increases the accuracy of the discharge of the extinguishing agent from a height, for example, from an aircraft 1 during irrigation of the said metal mesh, since in case of fire there is a large smoke and visibility in the combustion zone is sharply worsened.

After aiming, the bottom 8 of the spillway device is opened and the metal mesh 7 is irrigated (FIG. 2), or the extinguishing agent is supplied from a safe distance to this metal mesh from the propellant 9, for example, in the form of powerful continuous long-range jets 10 (FIG. 3) . In this case, the aircraft 1 in the latter cases serves as an observer, correcting the operation of the propellant of the fire extinguisher.

As a result of these actions, the flame is crushed in the cells of the metal mesh 7, which ultimately boils down to suppressing the combustion process in each mesh cell. This greatly facilitates the process of extinguishing the main focus of the fire during further irrigation of the metal mesh 7, for example, from a spillway device 3.

Claims (2)

1. A device for extinguishing forest fires, containing a spillway hanging from the aircraft, characterized in that a metal mesh is attached to the bottom of the spillway when folded and with the possibility of quick expansion when approaching the fire and dumping it onto a given area to extinguish with closing it , and the spillway is designed to irrigate the discarded metal mesh. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal mesh painted around the perimeter in bright red is folded into a roll.

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