RU2662202C1 - Method for obtaining table eggs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to a method for producing table eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Proposed method includes the use of full-fat mixed fodder with the addition of selenium, vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, polyunsaturated fatty acid omega-3 is introduced, the ratio of omega-3 : omega-6 in feed is 1.00:1.06, followed by stabilization with vitamin E in the amount of 100 g/t and selenium 0.5 g/t.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to obtain eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, to improve the productivity of poultry while reducing the cost per unit of production.

1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to feeding poultry, and can be used in poultry enterprises engaged in the production of eggs of poultry to obtain food eggs with desired functional properties.

In recent years, in our country, as well as around the world, the market of functional food products has been steadily expanding, aimed not only at satisfying nutrient needs, but also at obtaining a beneficial effect on consumer health.

One of the most common functional foods is functional eggs. The high speed and flexibility of lipid metabolism in birds allows you to quickly change the composition of the yolk using the appropriate changes in the diet of laying hens.

In recent years, nutritionists have been particularly interested in foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (hereinafter PUFA) of the omega-3 series, especially α-linolenic (ALA, C18: 3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20: 5) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22: 6) acids that are useful and necessary for a person to develop the brain, visual function, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, etc. (Simopoulos A. Evolutionary aspects of diet and essential fatty acids // World Rev. Nutr. Diet. - 2001. - V. 88. - P. 18-27). At the same time, the consumption of eggs enriched with omega-3 PUFAs is considered as the most important element in changing the ratio of omega-6 / omega-3 PUFAs.

Unfortunately, most foods contain only omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids), while sources of omega-3 fatty acids (linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids) are clearly insufficient in our diet. The secret of human health lies in the optimal balance in omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA foods, the ratio of which should be 2-3: 1, in real life this ratio is closer to 10: 1.

Three types of additives are used as sources of omega-3 PUFAs in laying rations for egg enrichment. The first type is fish oil from various oily fish species; among its advantages is a high level of deposition of long-chain PUFAs (primarily DHA) in the eggs, but its significant disadvantages are the instability of the composition and increased susceptibility to oxidation due to the high level of lipid unsaturation, the frequent appearance of fish smell of eggs, even at low levels of input into rations, as well as problems with price, market availability and environmental friendliness. The second type of omega-3 PUFA sources is flaxseed, seed, oilcake, or oil; although flax products contain relatively little DHA, they contain significant amounts of ALA (about 50% of the sum of all fatty acids), which increases the oxidative stability of yolk-rich lipids compared to enrichment of EPA or DHA. Flax products in our country are affordable and inexpensive, which makes them perhaps the most beneficial supplement for enriching omega-3 PUFA eggs. The third type of supplement — rich in PUFA omega-3 algae — is far from accessible everywhere and has not yet been sufficiently studied.

The increased content of omega-3 PUFAs in eggs, as noted above, enhances the processes of lipid peroxidation in them, which negatively affects the organoleptic and other indicators of egg quality. A solution to the stability of lipids during the enrichment of omega-3 PUFA eggs may be their simultaneous enrichment with antioxidants - vitamin E, selenium, etc. They are also valuable bioactive substances for egg enrichment and are good for human health. Vitamin E protects cells and tissues of the body from the damaging effects of free radicals and their metabolic products. Vitamin E in humans and animals is not synthesized. The most important sources of vitamin E in the human diet are vegetable oils. Due to the fact that the bulk of vegetable oils are refined, their vitamin E levels are low. Increased intake of vitamin E prevents cardiovascular and cancer diseases, diabetes, arthritis, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, etc. Selenium is involved in the regulation of basic physiological processes in the body. The main source of selenium in the human diet is bread and bakery products, meat and eggs. Selenium comes from the soil, however, due to a number of reasons (soil acidification, the use of synthetic fertilizers, etc.), the availability of selenium from soils is low. Increased consumption of selenium maintains immunity and strengthens protection against diseases, has a protective effect against cardiovascular and cancer diseases, reduces the negative effects of radiation and environmental pollution and helps to maintain reproductive function. Vitamin E and selenium are interconnected - vitamin E holds selenium and vice versa.

The well-known "Method of feeding poultry for producing eggs and meat with a high content of selenium and iodine" (RF patent No. 2547469), in which selenium and iodine are used in organic form at a dose of 0.53 and 0.95 g / t of feed, respectively. The disadvantage of this method is that the diet is not enriched with sources of omega-3 PUFAs, the content of selenium in 100 g of the edible part of the egg is not high enough.

A known method for producing eggs for dietary and functional nutrition, in which a new complex of water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants is introduced into the main diet of laying hens in places of generally accepted antioxidants, is dihydroethoxyquin in an amount of 30 mg and selenopyran in an amount of 9 mg per kilogram of dry matter of mixed feed (RF Patent No. 2523836). The disadvantage of the invention is that it is directed solely at reducing the content of cholesterol and lipid peroxidation products in food eggs.

The well-known "Method for producing egg products from laying hens" (RF patent No. 2230463), in which an organic source of selenium in an amount of 0.02-0.1% (200-1000) is additionally introduced into the main diet of laying hens from 16 weeks of age. g / t feed) and vitamin E in an amount of 0.006-0.012% (60-120 g / t feed). The disadvantage of this method is that the diet is not enriched with omega-3 PUFAs.

For the prototype, a method was adopted in which, in order to enrich the food eggs of omega-3 PUFA chickens, 3% of the essential fatty acids Kyomega are introduced into the feed of laying hens instead of vegetable oil (Okolelova T.M. Experience in egg enrichment with essential fatty acids / / Poultry farming. - 2013. - No. 5. - S. 15-19). The disadvantage of this method is that the diet is not enriched in the organic form of selenium, the Kyomega preparation is much more expensive than oil and flax seed cake, and does not provide the optimal ratio (2-3: 1) in an omega-6: omega-3 food egg. .

The objective of the present invention is to obtain food eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids.

This object is achieved in that in a method for producing food eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising the use of a complete feed with the addition of selenium, vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids, characterized in that the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 are additionally introduced, moreover, the ratio of omega 3: omega-6 in complete feed should be 1.00: 1.06, followed by stabilization with vitamin E in an amount of 100 g / t and selenium 0.5 g / t of feed.

EFFECT: obtaining food eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, and improving poultry productivity while reducing feed costs per unit of production.

Concrete example

The study was conducted in the vivarium of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Breeding and genetic center“ Zagorsk experimental breeding farm “VNITIP” on hens of the industrial herd of cross-country “SP-789”. For this, from 140-day-old chickens, 6 groups of 30 animals each were formed by the analogue method. Poultry up to 200 days of age was kept in KOH cell batteries (5 animals per cage) against the background of intermittent lighting of 2C: 5T: 3C: 2T: 3C: 9T. The study design is presented in table 1.

In all groups, hens received mixed feed with the same composition and nutrition, with different levels of omega-3 PUFAs, selenium and vitamin E.

Feed was prepared by weight dosing. Mixing occurred with a four-stage introduction of microadditives.

Bird access to feed and water was free. For feeding, we used dry full-feed compound feeds, the nutritional value of which was in line with the Methodological guidelines for feeding poultry, 2015.

The diet of control group 1 was a standard wheat diet (the main diet of OR) and had the following composition: wheat 56.1%, bran - 11.1%, soybean meal - 9.3%, sunflower meal - 9.3%, sunflower oil - 3% In the specified diet, the content of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA was 3.62 and 0.14%, respectively, and their ratio was 25.9: 1; the content of vitamin E is 10 g, a pure element of selenium, the source of which was Sodium Selenite, is 0.2 g per ton of feed.

In the diets of experimental groups 2 and 3, in the OR, sunflower oil was completely replaced with linseed oil (3%) and 5% of flaxseed meal was introduced, which reduced the content of wheat, soybean meal, sunflower meal and wheat bran to 55.7; 7.0; 8.2 and 9.9%, respectively. In these diets, the content of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA was 2.09 and 1.97%, respectively, and their ratio was 1.06: 1; the content of vitamin E is 100 g, the pure element of selenium is 0.5 g per ton of feed. The source of introduced selenium in the diet of group 2 was “Sel-Plex”, group 3 - “Dafs-25”.

In the diets of the experimental groups 4, 5 and 6 in the OR, as in the previous rations, the sunflower oil was completely replaced with linseed oil and 10% of flaxseed meal was introduced, the content of soybean meal, sunflower meal and wheat bran was reduced to 4.7; 7.1 and 8.9%, respectively. The content of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs was 1.82 and 2.35%, respectively, and their ratio was 0.77: 1; the content of vitamin E is 150 g, the pure element of selenium is 0.5 g per ton of feed. The source of introduced selenium in the diet of group 4 was Sel-Plex, group 3 - Dafs-25, and group 6 - Sodium Selenite.

In all experimental groups, alpha-tocopherol acetate was the source of vitamin E.

The results of the study (Table 2) showed that for the 60-day period there was no bird waste content and the safety of the livestock in all groups was 100%.

Live weight at 140 days of age, i.e. at the beginning of the study, in groups 1-6 was almost identical and amounted to 1307-1318 g, however, at 200 days of age, the largest live weight was observed in experimental group 2 (1658 g) - 1.4-3.6% higher, than in other groups. The lowest this indicator was in experimental group 3 (1601 g) - 0.9% lower than in control group 1.

Groups 2, 3, 5, and 6 were the leaders in laying eggs, which did not differ significantly (49.0–9.4 pcs.). This indicator was the lowest in control group 1 (47.5 pcs.) - by 0.6-3.9% less than in other groups.

The maximum values of the average egg mass (58.7 g), the egg yield per hen (2.90 kg), as well as the yield of selected eggs (10.97%) and the first (61.29%) category were recorded in the experimental group 2 - respectively by 4.5-6.7; 5.0-8.4; 3.7-9.7 and 11.0-23.8% higher than in other groups. The minimum egg mass was observed in experimental group 5 (55.0 g), and the egg mass yield was in control group 1 (2.68 kg). There was a tendency to a decrease in egg mass when 10% flaxseed meal and 0.5 grams of pure selenium in the "Dafs-25" composition per ton of compound feed were introduced into the diet. The difference in egg mass is significant between groups 2 and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 (P <0.001).

The smallest feed consumption per 1 laying per day (103.1 g) was recorded in experimental group 4 — 1.3–5.6% lower than in other groups. This indicator was maximum in control group 1 and amounted to 109.2 g. The lowest feed costs per 10 eggs were in experimental group 5 (1.27 kg), and for 1 kg of egg mass in experimental group 2 (2.22 kg) - respectively, 1.6-8.0 and 3.9-9.4% less than in other groups. The highest values (1.38 and 2.45 kg) were in control group 1, where the minimum egg production and maximum feed consumption per head per day were recorded.

Morphological analysis of eggs showed (Table 3) that, on average, over the period of the experiment (60 days), the absolute (13.69-14.49 g) and relative (23.4-24.4%) yolk weight groups did not differ significantly . The maximum absolute egg protein mass was in experimental group 2 and amounted to 39.62 g, which is 0.6-2.54 g or 1.5-6.9% higher than in other groups. The difference in this indicator is significant between groups 1 and 3, 5 (P <0.05); 2 and 3, 5 (P <0.01); 6 and 3, 5 (P <0.05); 4 and 5 (P <0.05). Experimental groups 2 and 4 (65.8%) were the leaders in the relative egg protein mass, where Sele-Plex was the source of selenium, i.e. the increase in egg mass in these groups was due to protein. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the absolute (6.16–6.48 g) and relative (10.6–10.8%) egg shell mass.

The results presented in table. 4, indicate that, on average, during the study period in experimental groups 2–6, the content of vitamin E in 100 g of the edible part of the egg was 4.47–8.35 mg / g, which is 1.9–3.6 times more than in the control group 1. With an increase in the intake of this vitamin in the diet from 100 to 150 g per ton of feed, its content in the egg naturally increased. The concentration of selenium in 100 g of the edible part of the egg in the experimental groups was 1.5-2.2 times higher than in the control. Among the experimental groups, this indicator was the least in group 6 - when using "Sodium Selenite." The deposition of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) per 100 g of the edible part of the egg in the experimental groups was 767-807 mg, which is 4.5-4.7 times higher than in the control, including the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is 7.5-8.4 times, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is 1.8-2.4 times, docosapentaenoic (DPA) is 3.2-3.4 times, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - 2.3-2.7 times. The ratio of ω-6: ω-3 PUFA in the experimental groups 2-6 was 1.7-2.1: 1 against 12.7: 1 in the control.

The organoleptic assessment of the quality of fresh and stored eggs in the experimental groups did not reveal any extraneous taste and smell in them.

It should be noted that when 5% (groups 2 and 3) and 10% (groups 4, 5 and 6) were introduced into the diet, flaxseed meal combined with 3% flaxseed oil contained little omega-3 PUFA in the egg, and the observed a decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA was due to a decrease in the deposition of omega-6 PUFA in the egg. A tendency toward a decrease in the ratio of omega-6: omega-3 PUFAs in the experimental groups, where the sources of selenium were Dafs-25 (groups 3 and 5) and Sodium Selenite (group 6), was noted.

The results of the study indicate that in general, over 60 days of the productive period, the best results are in terms of the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (2.1: 1) PUFAs in 100 g of the edible part of the egg, the egg mass is released on a layer (2.90 kg), the weight of eggs (58.7 g), the yield of eggs of the selected (10.97%) and the first (61.29%) categories, feed costs per 1 kg of egg mass (2.22 kg) were obtained in experimental group 2.

Thus, the results of the study showed that the claimed method allows to obtain food eggs of poultry, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. This increases the productivity of chickens and reduces the cost of feed per unit of production without negative impact on the viability of the bird.

Claims (1)

A method of producing food eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising the use of a complete feed with the addition of selenium, vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids, characterized in that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is further added, the ratio of omega-3: omega-6 in the feed is 1.00: 1.06, followed by stabilization with vitamin E in an amount of 100 g / t and selenium 0.5 g / t of feed.