RU2661312C1 - Non-contact and non-destructive testing method and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fault detection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of nondestructive testing during the magnetic and ultrasonic non-contact flaw detection methods implementation for the flaw detection and the geometric dimensions determination of products at significant scanning speeds. Summary of the invention is in that performing the controlled article magnetizing by means of magnetization unit, measuring the magnetic field parameters in the magnetic conductor interpole space near the controlled article surface and judging on the flaws presence by the measurements results, magnetization unit is made in the form of two-wheel carriage, created by the magnetization unit magnetic field, is additionally used for the non-contact excitation and ultrasonic oscillations reception realization by the electromagnetic-acoustic method, the method inductor is placed in the carriage wheel with the product contact spot zone, judging on the flaws presence and type by the ultrasonic and magnetic methods signals joint analysis results. To implement the method in the device, the magnetization unit is made in the form of a two-wheeled carriage, the carriage wheels are used as the magnetization unit poles, in the carriage wheel a groove is made along the wheel entire perimeter, in the wheel groove the electromagnetic-acoustic method inductor is arranged, electromagnetic-acoustic monitoring method inductor and the magnetic method sensor are connected by the device electronic unit.

EFFECT: expansion of functionality, increase in the products non-destructive testing reliability and accuracy.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of non-destructive testing when implementing magnetic (method of scattering magnetic flux, eddy current, etc.) and ultrasonic non-contact (dry, without the use of contacting liquid) flaw detection methods for detecting defects and determining the geometric dimensions of products at significant scanning speeds.

Many means of defectoscopy of critical industrial products are based on obtaining information from a controlled object by magnetizing the product and fixing signals of a certain nature using measuring sensors. First of all, these are magnetic control methods (magnetic flux scattering, magnetic particle, eddy current) and acoustic methods with electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) excitation / reception of ultrasonic (US) vibrations in a non-contact (dry) way [1].

The most common and widely used magnetic non-destructive testing method is the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) magnetic flux scattering (displacement) method, which can detect not only corrosion damage, but also cracks and local defects to a depth of 20 mm. At the same time, the wall of the controlled product is magnetized with a powerful permanent patch U-shaped magnet almost to saturation. If there is a defect or corrosion, the picture of the magnetic field near the surface to be scanned will undergo changes (there will be an increase in the magnetic resistance of the circuit section in this zone) and part of the power lines will be forced out, which will be detected by a measuring sensor (Hall transducers, inductors, etc.) [2] .

In the general case, the measuring part of the flaw detector MFL contains support wheels with a frame on which a U-shaped magnet is mounted (rare-earth magnets and a sensitive element — a measuring sensor (or a line of sensitive elements) [2].

When implementing the eddy current method, placing the measuring sensor in a constant magnetic field allows you to detect defects from the inner and outer surfaces of sheets and pipes (as in the MFL), and by the phase of the signal determine which side the defect is on.

Of all the known methods for implementing non-contact ultrasonic (ultrasound) control of metals (laser excitation and reception of ultrasonic vibrations, control using normal waves over long distances, etc.), the most promising and feasible is the use of contactless electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) transducers with a number of significant advantages over the traditional contact method using piezoelectric transducers [1].

Two main structural elements of the EMA converter can be distinguished: a magnetic system consisting of a magnet (a set of magnets or an electromagnet) and a magnetic circuit forming a magnetization field; an inductor (measuring sensor), as a rule, representing an elliptical (or any other configuration) flat inductor (or several coils) [3].

In the gap between the pole (or concentrator) of the magnet and the controlled product, an inductor coil of the EMA converter is placed, which is a flat coil. The pulse current of ultrasonic frequency, flowing in a flat coil of the inductor, causes oscillations of the surface layer of the controlled product. Ultrasonic vibrations, propagating through the product, record the desired defects with the echo and / or mirror-shadow methods of ultrasonic inspection.

The efficiency of the EMA conversion directly depends on the magnitude of the magnetizing field created by the magnetizing system of the EMA converter. From [4] it is known that the efficiency of EMA converters in the combined mode (radiation - reception) is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the magnetization field B. In this case, it is sufficient to magnetize only the skin layer of a ferromagnet due to the high-frequency electromagnetic field created by the primary EMA converters-inductor coils. It is in the skin layer of a ferromagnet that the mutual conversion of high-frequency electromagnetic and acoustic vibrations occurs. In other words, the efficiency of the EMA conversion depends on the magnetizing system and the magnetic field created by it in the skin layer of the controlled material.

To create large fields with EMA control, magnetizing systems (magnetization unit) are used, which are massive assemblies of permanent magnets. It was found that the magnetizing field strongly depends on the gap between the magnetization site and the surface of the controlled ferromagnet [5]. To scan the product, the magnetization unit is mounted on a trolley. In this case, the magnet poles should not touch surface irregularities (for example, weld reinforcement rollers) of the controlled product. Moreover, in order to ensure operational safety, the higher the scanning speed, the greater the gap should be between the poles of the magnet and the surface of the product.

Thus, both with the implementation of the magnetic method of flaw detection and with the non-contact method of ultrasonic testing, it is necessary to ensure the movement of the magnetization assembly over the surface of the controlled product with a minimum gap between them. For this, special carriages and carts on supporting wheels are used. As a rule, the mounting system of measuring sensors (Hall sensors or inductors in the magnetic method and flat induction coils (inductors) in the EMA control method) is installed on these carts.

There is a method of non-destructive testing, implemented using the "Magnetic flaw detector scanner" SKM-1, designed to detect stress-corrosion damage to the walls of pipes of main and shelf gas and oil pipelines, reservoirs and determine the parameters of cracks and corrosion cavities [6]. The known method and device is implemented on a three-wheeled trolley carrying a magnetic search system, consisting of a permanent magnet and magnetic field measuring sensors located between the pole tips of the magnetizing device. The cart also houses electronic equipment and a power source. The scanner moves manually on the examined surface.

A device for external non-destructive testing of the walls of pipes [7], comprising a trolley with a supporting frame, a wheeled suspension, a running gear, an autonomous energy source, an odometer, sensors of non-destructive testing, and electronic equipment. Measuring sensors of the device are made in the form of eddy current transducers.

A known method of non-destructive non-destructive testing by the ultrasonic method, implemented using an EMA transducer [8], which, in order to increase the durability and reliability of the control, is equipped with a tread made in the form of an elastic tape and rubberized rollers, and magnetization is carried out using a solenoid placed on the other side controlled sheet material mounted rotatably about an axis perpendicular to the surface of the tape. The disadvantage of this method and device with an EMA converter should include the significant design complexity, the need for two-way access to the product to accommodate a magnetizing solenoid.

A known method of non-destructive non-destructive testing by the ultrasonic method, implemented using an EMA transducer [9], in which the magnetizing circuit of the magnetizing device is made in the form of a hollow cylinder of magnetic material and providing, in combination with an "air cushion", a stable position of the coils parallel to the surface of the test object. The design includes through channels connected to the internal channel of the magnetic circuit, which has openings for supplying compressed air at the opposite end. The implementation of the magnetizing device in this form allows you to create an air cushion under the measuring sensor, which partially protects the system from damage if there are irregularities on the surface of the product. The disadvantage of this method and device is the design complexity, the need for compressed air and low sensitivity control.

A known method of non-destructive non-destructive testing, implemented using a scanning flaw detector [10], which includes a non-destructive testing device mounted on the chassis frame, with a magnetizing unit and a node of measuring sensors (emitting and receiving primary EMA converters - inductors). The magnetizing system is made in the form of a parallelepiped-shaped core made of magnetically soft steel, on each non-working surface of which a high-energy magnet is installed so that the poles of the same name are directed inside the core, and emitting and receiving primary electromagnetic-acoustic converters are fixed on the working surface. The chassis frame is mounted on two motor wheels. Scanning flaw detector allows to detect with greater sensitivity defects of metal loss and cracking in the body of the test object, for example, in the body of the gas and oil pipe with an increase in the range of measured wall thicknesses of the test object. In addition, the scanning process using this flaw detector is carried out at high speed. A disadvantage of the known device is the low reliability of the structure in the presence of irregularities on the surface of the controlled product and low sensitivity of control.

The use of a permanent magnet (or electromagnet) with a complex mechanical suspension limits its application. In addition, as shown above, the magnitude of the gap between the magnet and the surface of the magnetized product has a strong influence on the measurement results.

A known method and device for EMA control of products and samples of electrically conductive material according to the patent [11] of the German company “Institute dr. Förster GMBH KO” containing a magnetization unit of a controlled product and a probe (inductor) assembly with inductors located in the magnetic field with the possibility movement relative to the magnetizing node. An advantage of the known device is the implementation of the magnetization unit and the inductor unit (probe unit) with a certain degree of freedom among themselves. The inductor assembly, having an insignificant mass and is constantly located in the magnetic field of the magnetization assembly, due to the absence of a rigid connection with the magnetizing assembly, can pass along the surface relief when passing surface irregularities, without causing excessive inertial forces that could lead to wear or even destruction converter. In this case, the strong magnetic attraction between the magnetizing assembly and the controlled ferromagnetic product does not affect (or affects very little) the force that presses the inductor assembly to the surface of the product. Due to this, as claimed by the authors of a well-known patent, the control of the ferromagnetic material can be carried out with high sensitivity and low wear load while maintaining a sliding contact between the inductor assembly and the surface of the controlled product.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the use as a magnetization unit of a system consisting of permanent magnets (or an electromagnet) located above the inductor at a certain (up to 8 mm) distance. The need to comply with this distance leads to the use of a complex design of mutual fastening of nodes and special protective measures to maintain this gap. In case of violation of the conditions for maintaining the gap between the magnetization unit and the inductors unit, all the disadvantages of the analogues are fully manifested - there is rapid wear and the possibility of damage to the inductor coils of the EMA converter. All this limits the functionality of the known method and makes it impossible to use the known device at significant scanning speeds.

All the magnetization systems considered above for EMA transducers [8–11] and magnetic flaw detectors [6, 7] require maintaining a constant gap between the working plane of the magnetizing system and the surface of the controlled product. The possibility of foreign metal objects falling into the specified gap and damaging the system makes it possible to conduct flaw detection work. In the area of welded joints and other surface irregularities of the controlled product, brittle permanent magnets can quickly fail. Due to the need to maintain the technological gap, despite the use of rare-earth magnets, the magnetic field they create is not sufficient for effective flaw detection, especially at significant scanning speeds.

Known methods for contactless excitation / reception of ultrasonic vibrations [12, 13] and the corresponding devices increase the efficiency of electromagnetic-acoustic conversion, but also require an air gap between the magnetization unit and the inductor, as well as between the inductor and the surface of the controlled product, and cannot provide the required reliability and the reliability of non-destructive testing of critical products at various scanning speeds.

Known methods of magnetic control [14, 15] and their implementing devices have a limited ability due to the potentials embodied in the corresponding non-destructive testing method (control of surface and subsurface layers of products from ferromagnetic materials).

Closest to the claimed are a non-destructive testing method and device using a flaw scanner [16] (see Figure 4 and a Russian-language source [2] see pages 111-146 and Fig. 2.5.14), consisting of support wheels with a frame on which the magnetization unit is mounted - a U-shaped magnet (for example, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet) and a node for measuring sensors (or a line of sensitive elements). Moreover, the magnet poles are placed at a certain distance from the scanned surface, and the measuring sensor (s) is located in the interpolar space. The considered circuit is generalized, and, supplemented by various structural elements, is used in the implementation of non-destructive non-destructive testing in many magnetic flaw detection systems: in the inspection of sheet materials and structures, magnetic systems of in-tube multichannel flaw detectors, in the control of metal ropes, tank bottoms, etc. ., as well as the implementation of EMA flaw detectors upon excitation / reception of ultrasonic vibrations in a non-contact manner. The known method and device, in particular, is used to control pipes, cylindrical tanks of ferrous metals and sheets in manual, mechanized and automated systems of the English company Silverwing [2, 16, 17].

A disadvantage of the known method and device adopted for the prototype is its limited functionality, which allows to realize at the same time only one non-destructive testing method (only the MFL or only the EMA method), low reliability and reliability of control, caused by the presence of a gap between the poles of the magnet and the surface of the controlled product (in source text - 4 mm, in practice up to 12 mm).

The problem solved by the claimed technical solution is to expand the functionality, increase the reliability and reliability of non-destructive testing of critical products at various scanning speeds.

To solve the problem in the method of non-destructive non-destructive testing of products, the controlled product is magnetized using a magnetization unit, the magnetic field is measured in the interpolar space of the magnetic circuit at the surface of the controlled product, and defects are judged by the measurement results, according to the invention, the magnetization unit is made in the form of a two-wheeled carriage , carriage wheels are used as poles of the magnetization unit, the magnetic field generated by the unit Magnetization is additionally used to implement non-contact excitation and receiving ultrasonic vibrations by the electromagnetic-acoustic method, the method inductor is placed in the area of the contact spot of the carriage wheel with the product, the presence and type of defects are judged by the results of a joint analysis of the signals of the ultrasonic and magnetic non-destructive testing methods.

To implement the proposed method in a device for non-destructive non-destructive testing of products containing a magnetization unit and a node of measuring sensors located in the pole space at the surface of the monitored product, according to the invention the magnetization unit is made in the form of a two-wheeled carriage, the carriage wheels are used as poles of the magnetization unit, at least in one wheel of the carriage a groove is made around the entire perimeter of the wheel, in the groove of the wheel there is an inductor of the electromagnetic-acoustic method with the possibility in the process of scanning the constant presence in the spot of contact of the wheel with the product, the inductor of the electromagnetic-acoustic control method and the measuring sensor of the magnetic method are connected by the electronic unit of the device.

Significant differences of the claimed device in comparison with the prototype are the following features:

1. The implementation of the magnetization unit in the form of a two-wheeled carriage using wheels as poles of an electromagnet ensures the creation of a stable magnetic flux in a controlled product. In the prototype, this value is variable, which affects the quality of control. For example, during a collision of one of the support wheels of a known device, the poles of the U-shaped magnet are raised for unevenness, which, of course, leads to a change in the magnetic flux in the product and to a decrease in the reliability and reliability of the control.

2. The use of the magnetic flux generated in the controlled product for the implementation of one method (magnetic), for additional excitation / reception of ultrasonic vibrations by the electromagnetic-acoustic method (second method), significantly expands the functionality of non-destructive testing, while increasing the reliability and reliability of product inspection, in including at significant scanning speeds. In all sources known to the author of applications for invention, including in the prototype, the magnetization of the product is carried out to implement only one non-destructive testing method (either magnetic or EMA method).

3. The zero gap between the poles of the magnetization unit (wheels) and the surface of the controlled product helps to increase not only the stability of the magnetic flux, but, ceteris paribus, increase the flux in the product (including the skin layer of the metal of the product), which means and improving the effectiveness of ultrasonic inspection.

4. For poles of the electromagnet, which are the wheels of the carriage, irregularities on the surface of the monitored product are not even a significant amount, which leads to limited control or damage to the measuring sensors of the detector. In the prototype, the collision of surface roughness of the controlled product with the poles of the magnet can lead to disruption of the device.

5. Placing the inductor of the EMA method directly in the area of the contact patch of the pole of the electromagnet (in a circular groove on the wheel rim) with the product significantly increases the efficiency of excitation / reception of ultrasonic vibrations by the non-contact (without the use of contacting liquid) method. In the prototype and in other known methods and devices of non-destructive testing, such a solution is not provided.

6. The inventive method and device allow you to implement simultaneously various non-destructive testing methods: MFL (magnetic), EMA, eddy current, etc. Joint processing (analysis) of the signals of these methods allows you to expand the functionality of non-destructive testing (for example, simultaneous measurement of the thickness of the product and the search for internal defects ) and increase the reliability and reliability of control. The prototype provides for the use of a known system only for implementing the MFL control method.

7. The magnetization system is also a carrier of information sensors of the flaw detector, which, unlike the prototype, significantly simplifies the design and reliability of the device.

8. When implementing a magnetization unit based on an electromagnet (by placing magnetization coils on the carriage frame), the electromagnet is turned off in a simple way, therefore, there is no problem of removing the flaw detector magnetic system from the controlled product. In the prototype for these purposes provide special levers, handles with roller stops [17], which further complicates the design.

9. In the inventive device, ceteris paribus (with the same dimensions), it is possible to provide a greater interpolar distance than in the prototype, which contributes to the formation of a more stable magnetic flux in the controlled product. This is especially important when implementing significant scanning speeds in order to improve control performance.

The inventive method and device illustrate the following graphic materials:

FIG. 1 - The design of the device that implements the method of non-destructive testing (side view) with an EMA sensor, where:

1 - controlled product;

2 - carriage;

3 - carriage wheels;

4 - carriage frame;

5 - axles of the wheels 3;

6 - a groove in a wheel 3;

7 - measuring sensor - inductor of the EMA method;

8 - plate;

9 - axis of the plate;

10 - spring;

11 - jumper for attaching the spring.

FIG. 2 - A possible embodiment of placing the electromagnet on the carriage frame (side view) and the suspension of the measuring sensor of the magnetic method, where the designations correspond to the designations of FIG. one:

12 - solenoid;

13 - magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit;

14 - defect;

15 - magnetically sensitive sensor of the magnetic method;

16 - "ski" of non-magnetic material;

17 - axis of the "ski";

18 - spring "ski".

FIG. 3 - A possible embodiment of placing an electromagnet on a carriage frame (top view), where the symbols correspond to the symbols of FIG. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a Functional diagram of a device that implements the inventive method, where the designations of the individual elements correspond to the designations of FIG. 1-3:

19 - trajectory of an ultrasonic beam;

20 - generator-receiving unit EMA channel of the device;

21 - receiving block of the magnetic method;

22 - block joint signal processing ultrasound and magnetic control methods;

23 - block registration and display of control results;

24 - signals of the magnetic control method;

25 - echo signal of the ultrasonic testing method;

26 - bottom signal of the ultrasonic testing method;

27 - threshold level of ultrasonic testing method.

To simplify illustrative materials, FIG. 1 shows in detail the suspension of an EMA inductor, and FIG. 2 - suspension magnetically sensitive sensor on the carriage. At the same time, the inventive method and device involve the joint implementation of ultrasonic and magnetic control methods with the simultaneous use of the aforementioned measuring sensors.

The following is an example of a specific implementation of the device for non-destructive non-destructive testing of products, in particular sheets, not excluding other options for its implementation in the scope of the claims.

The simplest design of a non-destructive non-destructive testing device in the form of a two-wheeled carriage is shown in FIG. 1-3. The carriage 2 mounted on the monitored product 1 consists of two wheels 3 connected by a frame 4. The frame (Fig. 1) consists of two identical half-frames 4 (Figs. 1-3). When performing half frames in the form of curly halves (Fig. 2 and 3), the carriage assembly can be performed by tightening with bolts (not shown in Fig.). In the resulting "forks" at the ends of the frame (Fig. 3) using the axles 5 are installed wheels 3 of the carriage. In one or both wheels 3 of the carriage 2, a groove 6 is made along the entire generatrix (perimeter, rim) of the wheel to accommodate the inductor 7 of the EMA method. The inductor 7 is attached to the frame 4 of the carriage 2 by means of an elastic plate 8 with axes of rotation 9. Adjustment of the position of the inductor 7 relative to the inner surface of the groove 6 and the surface of the controlled product 1 within certain limits can be done by changing the tension of the springs 10 attached to the jumpers 11 mounted on frame 4. The shape of the groove 6 in the wheel 3 and the suspension design of the inductor 7 of the EMA method in the groove is performed based on the following requirements:

- the inductor 7 should be as close as possible to the metal surface of the product 1;

- when the wheel 3 is rotated in any direction, the inductor 7 should not get stuck in the groove 6 and when the carriage is lifted, the inductor should not fall out of the wheel;

- when running into small irregularities in the surface of the product 1, the inductor 7 should not be damaged;

- it is necessary to ensure minimal wear of both the inductor 7 and the wheel 3, including inside the groove 6.

These requirements can be ensured when implementing the design using typical linear guides, for example, DryLin® N type for high speeds (up to 15 m / s) and accelerations. This design does not require lubrication and maintenance when using iglide® technical thermoplastics as a sliding element (with an operating temperature from minus 40 to plus 90 degrees) [http://inautomatic.ru/?catalogue/DryLin_N].

A solenoid 12 (an induction magnetization coil) is placed on the cross-axle part of the half-frames 4 (Fig. 2 and 3) pulled together, which during operation is connected to a current source (not shown in Fig.). In this case, the brackets 4 serve as the core, and the carriage wheels 3 serve as the poles of an electromagnet. When the carriage 2 is located on the ferromagnetic controlled product 1, a closed magnetic flux circuit 13 is formed. If there is a defect 14 in the product 1, changes in the magnetic flux 13 are detected by a magneto-sensitive sensor 15 located on the ski 16 of non-magnetic material (for example, stainless steel or polyurethane), hanging on the axis 17 attached to the frame 4. Adjustment of the pressing of the “ski” 16 to the scanning surface is carried out using the spring 18 (Fig. 2).

When implementing the design, all the elements of the magnetic circuit: half frames 4, axles 5, wheels 3 must be made of soft magnetic material (ferromagnetic materials with high magnetic permeability, for example, iron, steel, etc.). In order to minimize losses of the magnetic circuit, it is advisable that the total cross section of the “forks” and the cross section of the central part of the tightened half-frames be the same.

As wheels 3 of carriage 2, you can use typical steel wheels, for example, the German company Blickle SVS series [18] (with wheel diameters from 100 to 300 mm and a width of 40 to 90 mm). These wheels already have pressed-in bearings, ensuring smooth running of the carriage 2.

A magnetosensitive sensor 15 in the form of induction, magnetoresistive, flux-gate, Hall sensors (or other) measuring transducers is installed in the pole space on the surface of the product 1 between two wheels 3 of the carriage 2.

To implement ultrasonic methods using EMA excitation and receiving acoustic vibrations, the magnetization unit must provide a sufficient level of magnetic flux 13 penetrating the skin layer of the product 1. At certain wheel sizes 3 and current in the coil up to 20 A, experimental studies show that the maximum magnetic induction in the spot contact zone of the carriage wheel with the product can be about 2.0 T, at scanning speeds of up to 10 m / s, which is quite enough to excite ultrasonic waves in the product [3].

In general, it is possible to realize the magnetization unit of the inventive device in the form of a permanent magnet, for example, by mounting 4 elements of rare-earth magnets (for example, niode-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B)) in the semi-frame structure.

The measuring sensor (inductor) 7 of the EMA transducer (Fig. 1) is usually a flat coil in the form of a meander, "butterfly" or other shape (the configuration of the coil is not included in the subject of the claimed technical solution) and, thanks to the groove in the wheel, can be placed directly in zone of the contact spot of the wheel with the surface of the product. As the simulation results and experimental studies show, it is in this zone that the maximum magnetic induction is observed, which contributes to the effective excitation of ultrasonic vibrations in a non-contact manner.

Depending on the sounding schemes of the controlled product 1 implemented during ultrasonic testing, the gap between the wheel rim 3 and the surface of the product 1 can contain one, two or several coils of the measuring inductor 7. What kind of ultrasonic waves (in frequency and orientation) will be created in the material of the product to be controlled depends on the direction of the magnetic field created by the carriage with wheels, as well as on the layout of the inductor coils 7, their location (directly in the contact spot or at some distance) and electronic Istemi.

In general, the placement of the inductor 7 is possible both in the contact area of the front (in the direction of travel) and rear wheel 3 (Fig. 1). This will require the implementation of the groove 6 in both wheels 3 and the use of two inductors 7, which further increases the reliability and reliability of the control.

In FIG. 4 shows an enlarged functional diagram of a device that implements the inventive method, consisting of a series-connected inductor 7, a generator-receiver unit 20 of the EMA channel, a joint processing unit 22, and a recording and display unit 23. Elements of the magnetic channel of the device are connected to the second input of the unit 22: serially connected a magnetosensitive sensor 15 and a receiving unit 21 of the magnetic method.

Upon detection of a defect 14, both the signals of the magnetic method 24 and the signals of the ultrasound method can be displayed on the display of block 23: echo pulse 25 from the surface of the defect; the bottom signal 26 from the opposite surface of the controlled product 1, the amplitude of which, when hitting a defect location zone, may decrease below the threshold level 27.

The implementation of the generator-receiver unit 20 of the ultrasonic channel with EMA inductors is known from the technical level (see, for example, [1, 3, 12 and 13]). Examples of implementation of the receiving unit 21 of the magnetic channel are also known (see, for example, [2, 14-17]). The joint processing unit 22 can be implemented on the basis of a microprocessor that implements a predetermined algorithm for analyzing the digitized signals of the ultrasonic and magnetic methods obtained in the process of scanning the controlled product 1. Observation of the registered signals can be performed on a typical matrix display 23.

The implementation of the proposed method is as follows.

The movement of the carriage 2 during the scanning of the controlled product 1 can be animated by any known means: manually; with a hitch to the mobile unit; an electric motor placed directly on the carriage, etc.

When an electric voltage is applied to an electric voltage solenoid 12 (for example, voltage 50 V, current 20 A), a magnetic flux 13 is generated in a closed circuit, which penetrates through the poles of the electromagnet (cart wheels 3) into the controlled product 1 (Fig. 2). Magnetic flux passes into the product through the contact spots of the wheel - the surface of the product.

In a specially made around the perimeter of the wheel 3 groove 6 in the area of the contact spot is located the inductance coil of the inductor 7 of the EMA converter, which is a flat coil. The design of the fastening of the inductor 7, consisting of nodes 8, 9, 10 and 11 provides, as described above, a constant location of the inductor 7 in the area of the contact spot during rotation of the wheel 3.

The lines of force created by the electromagnet in the zone under consideration are almost perpendicular to the inductor coil and the surface of the product 1. The pulse current generated by the emitted part of the generator-receiver unit 20 and flowing in the flat coil of the inductor 7 causes oscillations of the surface layer of the controlled product 1 with a maximum amplitude, t .e. in this converter, magnetic field energy is used almost completely. This ensures the uniformity of the front of ultrasonic vibrations in the skin layer, which together leads to an increase in the conversion coefficient of the transducer and to the creation of volume shear waves 19 in the controlled product 1 (Fig. 4). It is in the skin layer of a ferromagnet that the mutual conversion of high-frequency electromagnetic and acoustic vibrations occurs during the emission and reception of ultrasonic vibrations.

Ultrasonic vibrations, propagating along trajectory 19 along the thickness of the product, are fixed by echo and / or mirror-shadow methods of ultrasonic testing [1] to the desired defects of the product. In the receiving part of block 20, amplification, frequency, time, and amplitude selection of signals of the ultrasound method takes place. In the digitized form, the selected signals of the ultrasound method are received in block 22 of joint processing. The second input of block 22 receives signals from the receiving block 21 of the magnetic method.

The operation of the device magnetic flaw detection product is obvious. The magnetosensitive sensor 15 detects changes in the magnetic flux above the defect. The magnetic control signals amplified and digitized in block 21 also go to the joint processing block 22.

The joint processing of the magnetic and ultrasonic signals of the control methods in block 22 consists, firstly, in isolating the signals from potential defects in amplitude and time (for the ultrasonic method) position. Secondly, in determining the belonging of the analyzed signals of methods to the same object (defect). The ratio of the measured parameters determines not only the presence, but also the type of the detected defect (surface anomalies, internal defects and their occurrence depth). Observing the received signals on the display 23, you can further assess the degree of danger. In particular, in the process of scanning the product 1, the defect 14 in the controlled product is simultaneously recorded by both the ultrasonic method and the magnetic one (Fig. 4). The display 23 shows the signals 24 of the magnetic method and the signals 25 and 26 of the ultrasonic testing method. The amplitude of the signal 24, the temporary position of the echo signal 25 and the amplitude (attenuation) of the bottom signal 26 (below or above a given threshold 27) can be very reliably estimated characteristics of the detected defect 14.

The joint use of two control methods based on different physical principles (acoustic and magnetic) allows you to get a positive synergistic effect, mutually compensating for the shortcomings of each of the non-destructive testing methods used. The presence of the “dead zone” of the ultrasound method is compensated by the significant amplitudes of the signals from surface and subsurface defects of the magnetic method and vice versa, the attenuation of the MD method signals from defects occurring below 10 mm are compensated by the reliable signals of the ultrasound method for controlling defects from these and large depths.

Thus, the application of the proposed method and device that implements it, increases the reliability and reliability of the control. Thanks to these advantages, the functionality of a device that implements the claimed method is expanded: the thickness range of controlled objects increases, it becomes possible not only to determine the presence of a defect in the product, but also to measure its parameters. In addition to the search for defects, it becomes possible to measure the ultrasonic method by the thickness of the object under control by the temporary position of the bottom signal (by the position of signal 26 relative to the probe pulse in Fig. 4).

Depending on the actual scanning speed, dimensions and mass of the carriage, the design of the magnetizing system, the dimensions of the wheels, and the options for coupling the axles of the wheels with side elements (half frames) may be different from those described above. The given embodiment of the carriage and the magnetizing system, as the simplest construction, in the application description text and in FIG. 1-3 are given only to demonstrate the essence of the claimed invention and confirm the possibility of its implementation.

The implementation of the proposed method and device is possible not only when controlling products with a flat surface, but also any other products requiring control with high performance. For example, it is possible to control pipes, T-beams, narrow sheet cloths, metal ropes, etc. Naturally, in this case, the profile of the generatrix of the wheels 3 of the carriage 2 must be adapted to the profile of the scanned surface of the controlled product.

Thus, the inventive method and device for non-destructive non-destructive testing can be implemented, increase the reliability and reliability of the detection of defects while simplifying the design of the device (no supply of contacting liquid is required, the magnetization unit is also a carrier of measuring sensors). The implementation of the poles of the electromagnet in the form of wheels, the placement of the EMA inductor in a specially made groove of the wheel allows you to overcome the unevenness of the scanning surface without the appearance of a gap between the poles and the surface of the product, and hence without changing the magnitude of the magnetic flux in the product at significant scanning speeds with the simultaneous implementation of two complementary methods non-destructive testing.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Non-destructive testing: Reference: In 8 t. / Under the total. ed. V.V. Klyuev, T. 6 (p. 40-109 magnetic flaw detection). T. 3 (p. 72-80 EMA excitation of ultrasound). - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2004 (T. 6), 2008 (T. 3).

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Claims (2)

1. The method of non-destructive non-destructive testing of products, which consists in the fact that the magnetized product is magnetized using a magnetization unit, the magnetic field parameters are measured in the interpole space of the magnetic circuit at the surface of the controlled product, and defects are determined by the measurement results, characterized in that the magnetization unit performed in the form of a two-wheeled carriage, the carriage wheels are used as the poles of the magnetization unit, the magnetic field generated by the magnet unit Ivanov, is additionally used for implementing contactless excitation and reception of ultrasonic vibrations electromagnetically-acoustic method, the method inductor disposed in the zone of the contact patches of the carriage wheels with the product, the presence and type of defects is judged by the results of the combined analysis of the ultrasonic signals and magnetic NDT methods. 2. A device for non-destructive non-destructive testing of products, comprising a magnetizing assembly of the products and a measuring sensors assembly located in the pole space at the surface of the monitored product, characterized in that the magnetizing assembly is made in the form of a two-wheeled carriage, the carriage wheels are the poles of the magnetization assembly, at least in one wheel the carriage has a groove around the entire perimeter of the wheel, an inductor of the electromagnetic-acoustic method is placed in the groove of the wheel with the possibility of constant going to the spot of the wheel contact with the workpiece, the inductor electromagnetic-acoustic method for monitoring and measuring method of the magnetic sensor connected to the electronic device unit.

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