RU2659315C9 - Construction elements of plastic pontoon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shipbuilding, namely ships, pontoons and similar floating devices. One-piece plastic pontoon has the presence of through vertical holes and center cross holes in the form of a pipe that run horizontally through the body of the pontoon for cable connection, and internal partitions that separate the inner space of the plastic pontoon into separate chambers. Seamless plastic grating includes a rope attachment, a side connection and an air chamber. When grouped into a planar or bulk plastic construction, it provides a transition between the air and water environments. Solid plastic pontoons with solid plastic bottom grids are assembled in plastic pontoon systems, when interacting with an aqueous medium, which allow you to change the direction of the wave movement by rolling on the surface of pontoons or rolling them into pools, with the loss of destructive wave energy.EFFECT: increased reliability of devices, their safety and lifetime is achieved.5 cl 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ships, ships or similar floating devices intended for special purposes, pontoons.

Monolithic seamless pontoon (SU 116833 A1) invented in the USSR in 1960, modular pontoon systems patented by Magic-Float Enterprises Co., Ltd (Taiwan), and the latest Russian utility model patents (floating module 31558 RU, prefabricated pontoon element 93068 RU , floating platform 127034 RU, 127035 RU, 155657 RU, 161317 RU, floating parking platform 138415 RU) are close in technical solution to the invention. The described utility models of modular pontoon systems consist of separate plastic hollow elements (cubic and rectangular modules of large sizes) interconnected around the perimeter, with fastening elements installed in the respective eyes. The main drawback of these systems is the use of rigid connecting structures, which become unstable during intense vibrations on the wave, which reduces the wear resistance of plastic mounts and increases the risk of injury. The fasteners use metal elements, which in a hostile environment renders threaded connections unusable. The fastening of various structures on the surface of the pontoons is movable and flexible to the movement of air masses.

The inventive task was to develop elements of plastic pontoons that, as a part of plastic structural forms, are capable of bearing various structural loads of a building and technical nature, under conditions of large temperature differences and the effects of natural phenomena, while ensuring safety and comfort of people.

This problem was solved by creating a plastic molded structure with internal hollow holes for attaching and installing construction, mechanical devices. The pontoon is a one-piece molded product made of polyethylene terephthalate (other plastic materials) with internal round holes that do not form air access into the internal pontoon chambers, with an integrated ventilation system (Fig. 1, 2). To ensure air circulation and moisture extraction from the inner chambers, openings are provided between the chambers in the lower part of the partitions and two ventilation valves (Fig. 1). Ventilation openings can block air access to the raft chambers, or vice versa, to contain gas or vacuum inside the chambers.

Structural hollow holes in the pontoon are located vertically along the perimeter, in the middle (with ventilation holes) and internal (horizontally centering) holes, for mounting by cable or cable methods. The internal holes are located crosswise, which allows you to change the direction of the connecting elements (ropes, cables) inside the pontoon, increasing the stability of the relationship between the rafts. When a bunch of rafts, the ropes are hidden, which significantly increases the safety of people. Vertical holes are designed for fastening rafts with each other using fingers, for installing fencing and various structures on pontoons (Fig. 5), under pontoons (in water).

The proposed dimensions of the pontoon (2 m × 4 m × 0.5 m) allow them to be transported by trucks and significantly increase their stability on water, reduce their susceptibility to wave oscillations, in comparison with the capabilities available in smaller plastic structures. The pontoon on the water holds a weight of more than 2 tons. The weight of the pontoon is 1.8 tons. This can be considered a drawback, you can not do without a lifting mechanism. But to solve the problems of assembling pontoon structures, it is enough to equip one pontoon with a mechanical console and a winch.

The pontoons holding the bottom gratings bear the main load and are the “coastal” zone of prefabricated plastic structures on water (transition from air to water). Bottom lattices (a crosspiece of a pontoon design with a lattice surface, air chambers) are attached to rafts and, at an angle (15-30 degrees), go into the water. From the depth of immersion of the bottom gratings in water depends on the stability of the structure to the height of the wave. Bottom gratings, due to the location at an angle to the wave motion, the flexibility of the rope, the rigid connection with the clamping fastener (Fig. 3, 5), the strength of the fasteners around the perimeter, can perform the functions of a shallow shore, escape from hydraulic shock waves, and the pools inside the structure provide water flow from the surface (Fig. 7).

The combination of elements of the plastic construction of the pontoon (a pontoon with a bottom grate and an air chamber that regulates the position in (on) water) gives the main technical result of the opposition of plastic pontoon structures on water to the natural phenomena of water elements - large wave fluctuations (storms, possibly tsunamis). To reduce the forces of influence of water and air masses, all installed structures are used streamlined spherical shape or tend to it. The pontoon acts as a foundation, and the holes as a place for racks (anchors) of building structures. The stiffness of the rack arm in the body of the pontoon allows it to withstand the loads of air masses, up to the force on the rack break. And the weight of building structures should not exceed the lifting force of the plastic pontoon structure.

The fastening system of the proposed elements of plastic structures (pontoons, bottom gratings) allows you to produce a bunch of these elements in different geometric shapes in the plane, and create volumetric figured structures. The hemisphere option (island-umbrella) allows not only a stationary location, but also plastic structures of large areas to float (drift) on the surface. The created plastic structures in the water column and at the bottom (with cargo) can carry various technical loads, hold air tanks, and create barriers. Using the capabilities of the ventilation system at the same time increases the range of technical capabilities of elements of plastic structures under water (when filling with liquid or gas other than density water), they can adjust the position of structures in the aquatic environment, equalize the internal pressure of the pontoon with the external pressure at depth. It is possible to regulate individually, in sections or the total internal pressure of all pontoons at the same time with the general ventilation system through connecting air pipelines, as well as air chambers.

Plastic pontoons and bottom grilles are interconnected by flexible but strong mounts, cylindrical fingers with locking elements (Fig. 5). Inside the pontoons and under the bottom gratings, ropes are stretched (if necessary, they are tied with cables) and attached to fixed supports or anchors (Fig. 7). To the bottom of the bottom gratings, the ropes are fixed rigidly. Plastic structures include locks for fastening various plastic parts: fingers, racks, support rods and fastening building elements (Fig. 5). These locks allow you to quickly, without the use of tools, to dismantle and install elements of various designs on the surface of plastic pontoons.

Elements of plastic structures make it possible to ensure the vital activity of the plant world in the aquatic environment (under water) and above water. In the embodiment above water, two plastic rafts hold a plastic container with the root system of a tree (apple tree). Of course, various soil drainage systems can be located (held) on the surface of rafts (Fig. 6).

Plastic pontoon structures can be used on any reservoirs, different climatic zones, stationary and in drift. They are used for recreation of people in tourism (beaches, coastal moorings for small vessels, rafts), platforms for vacationers (it is possible with a transparent bottom). On plastic pontoon structures, it is possible to erect building plastic structures of premises, grow fruit and berry crops (dachas or farms), use them in fish farming and fishing, erect underwater warehouses and other structures for underwater operations, in the oil industry (as additional areas for work on water and under water); use in scientific expeditions to study climatic, meteorological data with the aim of developing the world's water expanses. Plastic pontoon structures are environmentally friendly and can be transported by any means of transport.

The drawings and drawings in schematic form show: FIG. 1 - drawing Pontoon; FIG. 2 - drawing Pontoon; FIG. 3 is a drawing of a bottom grid; FIG. 4 - figure bottom grille; FIG. 5 - prefabricated drawing of parts on the bottom grate; FIG. 6 - block structural plastic elements under the root system of the tree; FIG. 7 is a drawing of the coastal zone of the pontoon complex along the front line of the breaking wave and currents.

The structural elements of the plastic pontoon introduced novelty in the ability to technically direct the movement of the coastal surf stream over the floating vehicle. The bottom stream rolls along the bottom gratings onto the pontoon, glides along it and falls into the pool. In this case, the force acting on the pontoon structure consists of the force of a sliding wave (Fig. 7). On all floating objects on the water, the wave glides along the bottom and inflicts a water hammer on the area blocking the movement of the wave. This force is the most destructive for the object in the path of movement of the water mass. When interacting with the aquatic environment, the plastic pontoon structure is constantly exposed to wave vibrations acting on the surface and inside the aquatic environment. All wave vibrations passing between the lines (barriers of fluctuations) of the level of the aquatic environment and the plane line of the bottom gratings are damped by reducing to zero (coastline, the line of connection of bottom gratings with pontoons). Basically, the plane of plastic pontoons undergoes the amplitude of internal fluctuations in the thickness of the water mass of the medium. These two components in total increase the stability of the plastic structures of the pontoons on the water.

Thus, the joint use of a pontoon with a bottom grate and with their structural elements gives a qualitatively new level of technical capabilities of structures made of plastic pontoons on and under water, increasing their reliability, safety and durability. A qualitatively new level of technical capabilities of plastic pontoon systems, their low cost and environmental safety, increases the scope of their use and application in industry, tourism. We consider the disadvantages to be the significant weight of the plastic pontoon, the need to create support structures for the stationary installation of prefabricated pontoon structures, attract divers to conduct underwater operations, and conduct periodic safety inspections of fastenings and maintenance only by trained specialists. On rivers where there is ice drift, in winter, plastic pontoon systems are dismantled.

Claims (5)

1. One-piece plastic pontoon, characterized in that it has through vertical holes used to install technical devices on a plastic pontoon, and through, center, cross holes in the form of a pipe passing horizontally through the body of the pontoon for cable connection, and internal partitions separating the inner space of the plastic pontoon on separate cameras. 2. The one-piece plastic pontoon according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the pontoon provides equalization of internal pressure with external pressure at temperature differences and removal of excess moisture from the pontoon. 3. A one-piece plastic pontoon according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a variety of geometric cast forms for the manufacture of pontoons that allow you to create various composite structures - containers for soil, rooms below the surface of the water and so on, to fulfill people's imagination and needs. 4. A one-piece plastic bottom grate, including a rope mount, side connection and an air chamber, as a structural element located below the level of the aquatic environment, when grouped into a planar or volumetric plastic structure, provides a transition between air and water environments, the creation of underwater building structures with their maintenance in the aquatic environment at the required level and amortization of wave vibrations of the aquatic environment. 5. One-piece plastic pontoons with one-piece plastic bottom gratings, assembled into plastic pontoon systems, when interacting with an aqueous medium, allow you to change the direction of wave movement on the surface of the pontoons or rolling them into pools, with the loss of destructive wave energy.

Images