RU2658205C1 - High-accuracy grenade launcher - 2 (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to grenade launchers. Grenade launcher contains a trunk, a trigger mechanism. Barrel is fixed to the frame with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis and with the restriction of longitudinal movement. On grenade launcher behind the trunk there are aerodynamic surfaces that create a spinning moment due to gas flow. Grenade launcher in the rear part may have an obstacle to free escape of the exhaust gases. Grenade launcher can have a brake to stop the rotation of the barrel, for example, in the form of spring-loaded levers with a friction lining. Barrel can be spring-loaded in the direction of the back and/or forward. When a shot is fired, the grenade twists in one direction, the barrel into the other, which reduces the impact of the grenade's reactive moment on the grenade launcher.

EFFECT: technical result of the group of inventions is to increase the accuracy of shooting.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hand grenade launchers.

Known for such grenade launchers, supercaliber and caliber, see, for example, US Pat. No. 2499973 and 2513629, Internet. The invention relates to both types.

A disadvantage of known grenade launchers is the lack of accuracy.

The objective and technical result of the invention is the elimination of this drawback.

As you know, to give accuracy, bullets, shells, missiles and grenades are twisted in the barrel. But when twisting a grenade in a grenade launcher due to rifling, a reactive moment arises, which spins the grenade launcher in the opposite direction. And if with a large difference in masses, for example, bullets and rifles, this phenomenon is almost not noticeable (although still noticeable), then when fired by a grenade, the mass of which can approach the mass of the grenade launcher itself, this reactive moment sharply pulls the grenade launcher to the side, and the grenade it’s not going to where it was aimed.

This grenade launcher has a barrel that is mounted on the base of the grenade launcher with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis and with limited movement in the longitudinal direction (hereinafter all directions are given relative to the direction of the shot), see FIG. 1. The grenade launcher may be a caliber or over-caliber.

It is desirable that the barrel and grenade had ready-made rifling (at least one).

It is most rational to fix the barrel in two rolling or sliding bearings. As a rolling bearing, a stainless steel ball or roller bearing that operates without lubrication (it only “attracts” dust and any debris) and without lip seals can be used. It is advisable to have only protective washers, moreover, quick-opening ones (so that before firing it is possible to check the condition of the bearings and simply blow out any debris that has got).

And as bearings, bushings made of pure or graphite fluoroplastic can be used. The bushings can be split and can be pulled by a threaded fastener to adjust the minimum clearance.

The essence of the invention is that the reactive moment from the twisting of the grenade in the barrel of the grenade launcher is perceived by the mass of the barrel of the grenade launcher, or rather, by its moment of inertia. That is, when firing, the grenade launcher does not spin, which would bring down the scope, but only the barrel, which after a while stops itself or forcibly stops.

However, part of the torque is still transmitted to the grenade launcher due to friction in the bearings. This remaining torque can be compensated by using aerodynamic surfaces connected to the grenade launcher bed behind the barrel, creating a small torsional moment due to the flow of the outflowing gases (we will call these aerodynamic surfaces “ailerons”). These ailerons can be located on the firing device, if it is located behind the barrel, can be located near the barrel walls of the grenade launcher on a special horseshoe-shaped bracket, and can be in the form of one or two plates profiled and twisted by the propeller behind the barrel, etc.

Since the jet of the rocket engine at the rear end of the barrel expands as the grenade moves away from the rear end of the barrel, then, firstly, the optimal combination of ailerons of different designs located along the longitudinal axis of the barrel and / or on its periphery, and second, given the inconsistency of the factors acting on the ailerons, the optimal area of the ailerons and the optimal design solution are selected experimentally. At the same time, the main requirement for ailerons is that the grenade launcher twitch as little as possible in the transverse and torsional direction until the grenade comes out of the barrel.

It should focus on the method of ignition of the fuel of a rocket engine. Electric ignition is possible, in which an electric voltage is supplied to the grenade through the “mass” of the grenade launcher bed and some contact on the grenade body, for example, in the form of an insulated metal ring, or in the form of a point contact from the side of the jet nozzle. With capsular ignition, there must be a firing device with a striker behind the barrel, for example, a classic trigger with a striker.

In the latter case, an interesting option is possible, if the trigger spring is correctly selected (not very strong), it will automatically be cocked during firing due to the pressure of the outgoing gases. In any case, the trigger should be in the form of an aerodynamically streamlined profile with a striker.

When twisting the grenade in the grooves, the longitudinal component of the friction force in the grooves acts on the grenade launcher barrel, which pulls the barrel forward. This force depends on the thrust of the rocket engine and, to a first approximation, is constant. The grenade launcher jerk forward will not be very strong and very short-lived, but it can still worsen the accuracy of the shot. To prevent this from happening, in the rear of the grenade launcher barrel behind the jet nozzle of the rocket engine of the grenade there is an obstacle to the free exit of expiring powder gases. The aerodynamic drag force created on this obstacle and directed backward will compensate for the “forward” force created in the rifling of the barrel.

The obstacle must have a special shape - since the jet from the rocket engine expands as the grenade moves away from the rear end of the barrel, the shape of the obstacle should give approximately constant aerodynamic drag during the indicated distance of the engine from the obstacle (more correctly, it should correspond to the graph of the thrust of the rocket engine of the grenade ) In addition, the requirement may be for the presence of a central hole in the capsular method of igniting the fuel of a rocket engine. The hole may be oval for a better pass of the striker.

A shape (approximately (most likely, an exact match will not succeed) that meets these requirements may be a flat ring with three diverging beams of increasing width and limited length. The length of the rays is limited to the moment when the grenade body comes out of the rifling. At this moment, the longitudinal force in the rifling disappears. The obstacle is fixed on streamlined pylons, for example, on three.

Since it is difficult and unreliable to make the hinged obstacle, the grenade launcher can only be charged from the front. However, having made the obstacle removable (for example, rotary or removable), you can charge the grenade launcher from the rear.

The optimal ratio of the force in the rifling and the force on the obstacle depends on many factors: the shape and size of the obstacle mentioned, the resistance of the pylons on which the obstacle is attached, the thrust diagram of the rocket engine, the shape of the rocket engine nozzle, the caliber grenade launcher or the caliber, aerodynamic resistance of the firing device and ailerons, and also takes into account the friction of the outflowing gases on the inner walls of the barrel. Therefore, the shape of the obstacle is selected empirically so that the barrel of the grenade launcher when fired as little as possible moves in the longitudinal direction until the grenade completely leaves the barrel. After the grenade is fully released, the barrel, due to the effort on the obstacle, may pull back, but this will not affect the accuracy of the shot.

After the shot, the spinning barrel will stop itself after some time, or it can be stopped by pressing it to any object. But the grenade launcher can also have a special brake to stop the rotation of the barrel. The design of the brake can be any of the known, for example, in the form of one or two transverse spring-loaded levers with a friction lining.

There may be a case when it turns out that during the shot there is a jerk of the grenade launcher back or vice versa - forward (or maybe first there, then back), which impairs the accuracy of the shot. In this case, the grenade launcher may have a barrel mounted rotatably and with limited longitudinal movement, the barrel being spring-loaded in the rear and / or forward direction (i.e., spring-loaded on both sides in the middle or some intermediate position).

If the barrel will be able to move backward, then the trigger should have an arched shape with a bulge forward. In this case, when the barrel is pulled back, the hammer will go beyond the size of the barrel and will not be damaged.

In the attached sketch in FIG. 1 shows this grenade launcher, caliber version, version with a longitudinally fixed barrel. In FIG. 2 shows an exemplary view of an obstacle in the rear of a grenade launcher barrel. In FIG. 3, 4 show three options for the construction of ailerons.

The grenade launcher consists of a barrel 1, mounted with two bearings 2 of any type on the bed 3 in the form of a rigid carbon-plastic bar box section. Two handles 4 and 5, a shoulder rest 6, a scoop 7 and a sight 8 are also fixed on the bed. The scoop is obligatory so that the shooter does not damage the skin on the cheek against the rotating trunk. With a certain method of attachment, the teeper can also play the role of a brake.

The sight should be mounted in such a way as to prevent the head or helmet of a soldier from touching the rotating barrel, otherwise a skin burn or an inaccurate shot is possible. At the rear of the bed 3 there is a firing device 9, it can be hinged for loading from behind, or stationary. In the front of the barrel, to the length by which part of the grenade with the finished rifling enters the barrel, there are reciprocal rifling (not necessarily the entire length of the barrel). In the back of the barrel 1, as close as possible to the firing device 9, there is an obstacle 10 in the form of a ring with three diverging beams of increasing width and limited length, mounted on three streamlined pylons 11.

To create a torsional moment behind the end of the barrel 1 there are ailerons. In FIG. Figure 3 shows two ailerons designs - firstly, how the surfaces of the trigger 12 are inclined differently to the outgoing gases (a different inclination is conventionally shown by dimming the part of the trigger), and the area of the inclined part of the trigger below the center is less than above the center. This is due to the aerodynamic effect of the symmetrical part of the trigger, located even lower.

Secondly, the ailerons are shown in the form of two cantilevered wing surfaces 13 located on the sides of the barrel (their different inclination is also shown by different dimming of the consoles).

In FIG. 4 shows the ailerons in the form of two chord-shaped profiled and propeller-curved plates 14.

A grenade launcher works like this: a grenade is inserted into the barrel 1 in front, a grenade is fired (launched), which interacts with the grenade launcher through rifling and twists it in the opposite direction. The friction torque in the bearings is optimally (see above) compensated by ailerons 12, 13 or 14. The longitudinal component of the force in the grooves is optimally (see above) compensated by the aerodynamic force on the obstacle 10, on the pylons 11, on the trigger, on the ailerons, and the friction expiring gases on the barrel wall. It is possible that with a large aerodynamic drag of other elements, an obstacle is not needed at all.

Some time after the shot, the barrel will stop itself. Or it can be stopped by pressing the middle part to any surface, even to the ground. Or using your existing brake.

As a result, the application of the invention is expected to increase the accuracy of the grenade launcher to the level of a single machine gun.

Claims (9)

1. An increased accuracy grenade launcher, comprising a barrel that is mounted on the grenade launcher bed with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis and with restriction of movement in the longitudinal direction, characterized in that aerodynamic surfaces are located on the grenade launcher bed behind the barrel, creating a torsional moment due to the flow of the outgoing gases. 2. Grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerodynamic surfaces are located on the firing device, or are located at the rear near the walls of the grenade launcher on a special horseshoe-shaped bracket, or have the form of one or two plates shaped and twisted by the propeller behind the barrel. 3. Grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger has the appearance of an aerodynamically streamlined profile with a striker, and when fired, it is automatically cocked due to the pressure of the outgoing gases. 4. Grenade launcher of increased accuracy, containing a barrel that is mounted on the base of the grenade launcher with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis and with limited movement in the longitudinal direction, characterized in that in the rear of the barrel of the grenade launcher behind the jet nozzle of the rocket engine of the grenade there is an obstacle to the free exit of expiring powder gases . 5. Grenade launcher according to claim 4, characterized in that the shape of the obstacle gives an approximately constant aerodynamic drag while the rocket engine is moving away from the obstacle, for example, has the form of a ring with three diverging beams of increasing width and limited length, mounted on streamlined pylons. 6. Grenade launcher according to claim 4, characterized in that in order to load the grenade launcher from behind, the obstacle is removable. 7. Grenade launcher of increased accuracy, containing a barrel that is mounted on the base of the grenade launcher with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis and with limited movement in the longitudinal direction, characterized in that it has a brake to stop the rotation of the barrel, for example, in the form of one or two transverse spring-loaded levers friction lining. 8. The grenade launcher of increased accuracy, containing a barrel, sight, trigger and characterized in that the barrel is mounted on the frame of the grenade launcher with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis and with the possibility of limited longitudinal movement, and the barrel is spring loaded in the rear and / or forward direction. 9. Grenade launcher according to claim 8, characterized in that the trigger has an arched shape with a bulge forward.

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