RU2652698C2 - Method for producing electricity on thermal power plant and device for low-temperature direct transformation of energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electric power industry. Prior to the conversion of the exhaust steam into water, the vapor stream after the turbine is divided into two streams passing through the dielectric channels and in each of the streams a mesh ionizer and a collector are installed, wherein the mesh collector in each of the streams is electrically connected to the ionizer in another stream. At the inlet, before the ionizers of both dielectric channels, the inner surface of the nozzles is covered with electrets with opposite charges, and each collector is equipped with a system of high-voltage discharge capacitors.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to produce industrial electric power both in an electric generator and electrostatic energy that can be used in coal crushing systems at combined heat and power plants using coal and in gas cleaning systems for feeding high-voltage corona electrodes in electric filters.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electric power and can be used both for the production of industrial electricity in an electric generator, and electrostatic energy, which can be used in coal crushing systems at thermal power plants operating on coal and gas cleaning systems for powering high-voltage corona electrodes in electrostatic precipitators.

Schemes with high-temperature energy conversion are known in the scientific literature [1] However, for the efficient conversion of heat to electricity, a high-temperature plasma with a temperature above 2000 ° C is needed. From the flow of steam exhausted after the turbine, this method is unacceptable.

A known method of producing electricity [2], including the preparation of water, heating water in a boiler to produce saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine 3 coupled to an electric generator, converting the spent steam into water in the condenser by a cooling stream water. However, such power plants do not provide for low-temperature direct conversion of heat to electrostatic energy. The main heat losses at a classical thermal power plant occur in a condenser; it is considered impractical to remove electricity from steam containing drops of water.

As a prototype, a method of generating electricity [3] was selected, including water treatment, heating water in a boiler 1 to obtain saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater 2, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine 3 coupled to an electric generator 4, converting spent steam into the water in the condenser 5 by the flow of cooling water. A feature of the method of energy generation is that the heat energy is extracted from the cooling water stream in an additional heat exchanger by exposing it to snow mass converted into melt water, which is used as boiler water. However, this method does not provide for the possibility of removing electricity from the exhaust steam containing drops of water.

The proposed method of generating energy includes preparing water, heating water in a boiler to produce saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator, converting the spent steam into water in the condenser by a stream of cooling water.

A feature of the proposed method is that before the exhaust steam is converted into water, the steam stream after the turbine is divided into two streams passing through the dielectric channels and a mesh ionizer and a collector are installed in each of the flows, the mesh collector in each of the flows being electrically connected to the ionizer in another thread.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a power plant, including water treatment, heating water in a boiler 1 to produce saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater 2, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine 3 coupled to an electric generator 4, converting the spent steam into water in a condenser 5 by a stream cooling water.

A feature of the proposed method for generating energy is that before the exhaust steam is converted into water, the steam stream after the turbine 3 is divided into two dielectric channels 6 and 7, a mesh ionizer 8 and a collector 9 are installed in each of the flows, with a mesh collector 9 in each of streams are electrically connected to the ionizer 8 in another stream

It is possible to use a part of the steam stream both from the last stage of the turbine and from one of the stream used for intermediate heating of feed water. The main requirement for the steam flow is the presence of condensate droplets in it. The proposed method works as follows. The steam stream containing drops of condensate is divided into two. Due to the fact that a mesh ionizer 8 and a collector 9 are installed in each of the streams, and a mesh collector 9 in each of the flows is electrically connected to the ionizer 8 in another stream, the smallest fluctuations in the flows of electrostatic charges in the droplets leads to self-excitation of the electrostatic generator and potentials of several tens of thousands of volts quickly accumulate on collectors in both channels. It is almost impossible to predict which of the collectors 9 will have a positive charge and which is negative. The very process of starting a generator is stochastic in nature. To clean the gases in electrostatic precipitators, high voltage is applied to the corona electrodes in the form of thin wires or needles. The current-voltage characteristics of the corona discharge for positive and negative potentials differ from each other, so it is desirable to uniquely start the generator with the desired sign of the potential.

An example of the method

As a heat carrier, ordinary industrial water was used. Steam flow was simulated by air flow at speeds up to 30 meters per second. Water was sprayed in the simplest centrifugal nozzles. The electrostatic potentials on collectors 9 arose almost immediately and reached tens of thousands of volts within a minute. As ionizers 8, a woven stainless steel mesh with a diameter of 100 microns was used, and as a collector, a mesh woven from wires of 1000 microns in size was used. A smaller grid on the ionizer was used to additionally charge the droplets by corona discharge, and a larger grid on the collector was used, on the contrary, to suppress the corona discharge and more efficiently convert the gas stream containing water drops to electrostatic energy.

As a prototype, when considering the device, the installation [3] for low-temperature direct energy conversion was selected, comprising an energy converter 3 in the form of a turbine, a steam outlet from the turbine 3, and a steam condenser 5.

A feature of the proposed device is that between the turbine and the condenser the steam outlet channel is divided into two dielectric channels, and in each channel there are mesh ionizers and collectors, and the mesh collector in each channel is electrically connected to the ionizer in the other channel, at the input in front of the ionizers nozzles are installed on both dielectric channels, the inner surface of the nozzles is covered with electrets with unlike charges, and each collector is equipped with a system of high-voltage discharge conductors nsatorov.

To the features that are not included in the claims, we can offer a wish for hydraulic resistance - the sum of the hydraulic resistance of the path without a converter and with a converter should be of the same order. Otherwise, you can increase the pressure at the outlet of the turbine and reduce the generation of electricity in a classic generator. There are prerequisites for this - for this, both dielectric channels must have the same diameter as in the classical case. As for nozzles having high hydraulic resistance, they are needed only for starting. In stationary mode, nozzles can be removed. The development of this option is the subject of a new application for an invention.

In FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an apparatus for low temperature direct energy conversion. It contains a steam outlet channel from the turbine 3 and a steam condenser 5.

A feature of the proposed installation is that between the turbine 3 and the condenser 5, the steam outlet channel is divided into two dielectric channels 6 and 7, mesh channels 8 and collectors 9 are located in each channel, and the mesh collector 9 in each channel is electrically connected to the ionizer 8 in another channel, nozzles 10 are installed in front of the ionizers 8 of both dielectric channels, the inner surface of the nozzles 10 is covered with electrets 11 with unlike charges, and each collector 9 is equipped with a system of high-voltage ra capacitor banks 12.

The proposed installation works as follows. In each of the dielectric channels in front of the ionizers 8, nozzles 10 are mounted, covered with electrets 11 with unlike charges. Therefore, droplets of condensate passing through these nozzles, in addition to accelerating the flow, uniquely acquire the charge of this electret. The process ceases to be stochastic, which always allows us to unambiguously know the sign of the charge on the collectors 9. To save electrostatic energy and increase the discharge power (which is especially necessary, for example, for crushing large pieces of coal), each collector 9 is equipped with a system of high-voltage discharge capacitors 12.13 - conventionally shown high voltage connector.

Thus, a method and a device for producing electric energy of different quality at a thermal power plant is proposed.

Information sources

1. Steam and gas turbines. Ed. Kostyuk. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1985, p. 12-14).

2. RF patent No. 2267013.

3. RF patent 32278280.

Claims (2)

1. A method of generating energy, including preparing water, heating water in a boiler to produce saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator, converting the spent steam into water in a condenser by a cooling water flow, characterized in that before converting the spent steam into water, the steam stream after the turbine is divided into two dielectric channels and a mesh ionizer and collector are installed in each of the flows, etc. whereby a mesh collector in each of the streams is electrically connected to an ionizer in another stream. 2. Installation for low-temperature direct energy conversion, containing a steam outlet channel from the turbine and a steam condenser, characterized in that between the turbine and the condenser the steam outlet channel is divided into two dielectric channels and mesh ionizers and collectors are located in each channel, with a mesh collector in each of of channels is electrically connected to the ionizer in another channel, nozzles are installed at the entrance to the ionizers of both dielectric channels, the inner surface of the nozzles is covered with electrets with with opposite charges, and each collector 9 is equipped with a system of high-voltage discharge capacitors.

Images