RU84169U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for producing electric energy comprises a magnetic circuit, a channel for moving charged particles moving under the influence of non-electric external forces through the magnetic circuit so that an alternating or pulsed magnetic field appears in the magnetic circuit; contains a winding wound on a magnetic circuit, the function of which is to output an electric current through it.

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to devices for generating electric energy and can be used in MHD generators, for converting wind energy into electrical energy, in direction and speed sensors of wind, in thermionic converters to increase efficiency, in atomic energy to reject the principle of atomic energy conversion reactions to thermal, and, then, with low efficiency - to electrical. Also, the device can be used in batteries such as a ball capacitor with a radioactive source, having approximately the same device and the same disadvantages as the thermionic converter. Also, the device can be used in hydropower.

State of the art

The prior art method for generating electricity and thermodynamic ionic electric generators based on it (RU 2004113182). A method of generating electricity using thermodynamic ionic generators (TDI generators) is that electrical energy is generated in electrically isolated electrically generating channels (from 1 to N) by pushing previously isolated or generated electrically charged particles against the potential of the collector electrode by a flow of a moving medium which, upon the discharge of electrically charged particles, an electric current is generated at the collector electrode and an electric current is formed the potential potential of the generator, in each electricity channel there are charged particles of the same sign, in different electricity channels can be charged particles with different signs and form reverse voltages; electrically charged particles with the opposite sign are in different channels, so problems with ion recombination no longer exist as in magnetohydrodynamic generators; in the molecular interaction of flow molecules and electrically charged particles, overcoming the electric field of the collector electrode inside an electrically generating isolated channel,

thermal and kinetic energy of the flow of the mobile medium is converted into electrical energy and the temperature of the flow drops, controlling the temperature of the mobile medium emerging from the electricity generating channel, such a potential is selected at the collector electrode to provide maximum efficiency of an electric generator close to 100%, if the electric voltage generated under optimal conditions is suitable for use, it is used directly, in other cases, electronic devices are used that maintain the electric potential of the electric generator in optimal mode and convert it to the desired level, for example, pulse voltage converters etc.; plasma, gas, liquid, steam, supercritical states of a substance, products of fuel combustion, heterogeneous media (smoke, collodion systems, etc.), etc. act as a moving medium, etc., as electrons, molecular and atomic are used ions, charged particles of heterogeneous phases, etc., which allows using this method of generating electricity to use the energy of fuel combustion, the energy of steam produced at nuclear power plants, geysers and other sources, the energy of differential pressure and other types of energy one capable of creating a flow of a mobile medium and thermal energy to generate electrical energy.

From the method it is not clear how the particle is discharged on the collector, especially if it concerns an ion or an electron. Or why a charged particulate must transfer its charge to a collector that has the same sign and leave the discharged collector. Thus, one can doubt the operability of the claimed method.

In the inventive device, the energy release is not accompanied by a discharge of particles and, therefore, one after the other, on the path of the particles, it is possible to sequentially install many magnetic cores, each of which will remove energy. The energy of moving charges is removed in a non-contact manner.

EFFECT: obtaining electric energy by moving charged particles through a magnetic circuit.

Utility Model Implementation

A device for producing electrical energy contains a magnetic circuit, a channel for moving through a magnetic circuit of charged particles moving under the influence of

electrical external forces so that an alternating or pulsed magnetic field appears in the magnetic circuit; contains a winding wound on a magnetic circuit, the function of which is to output an electric current through it. The essence of the device is to replace the primary winding of the transformer with a stream of charged particles (ions, electrons, charged particulates, monoelectrode materials) moving under the influence of non-electric external forces. The current strength in such a “primary winding” will be equal to the product of the charge of each particle by the number of particles by the velocity of the flow and the cross section of the flow.

A moving charged particle, or a group of particles, forms an annular magnetic field around itself, the plane of which is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the charge, and the direction of the lines of force of the magnetic field of negative and positive charged particles moving in one direction are opposite. This field is proposed to be captured by the magnetic circuit (1) (see Figure 1), covering the channel along which charged particles move. The movement of charges is organized in such a way that an alternating or pulsating magnetic field appears in the magnetic circuit. This is achieved either by alternating positively charged particles with negatively charged particles in the flow (3), or by alternating charged particles with neutral ones, or by periodically changing the concentration, speed or direction of movement of charged particles, etc.

Electric energy can be removed, for example, by winding wound on a magnetic circuit (2). Several magnetic cores with windings one after another can be installed. A multi-turn magnetic circuit around moving charges can be used. The device is applicable in any environment where there is directed movement of charged particles. For neutral media, either ionization of these media, or the charge of the separated particles of these media, or the introduction of foreign charged particles into the medium is used. As an alternative to replacing the winding on the magnetic circuit, the so-called “Mislavsky transformer” can be used (see Journal “Young Technician” No. 2 for 2004). The essence of the Mislavsky transformer is that a closed magnetic circuit is located between the plates of two capacitors. When an alternating voltage is applied to the terminals of one capacitor, an alternating bias current flows between its plates, creating a vortex magnetic field in the magnetic circuit. This magnetic field causes an alternating bias current between the plates of the second capacitor, at the terminals of which an alternating

voltage. The ratio of the capacitor areas is the transformation coefficient.

There are no physically moving charges in the Mislavsky transformer, and a magnetic field formed by the bias current is present.

One pair of plates can be replaced by a stream of moving charged particles. In this case, you can do without windings. This option is possible only if the proposed generator operates at high frequencies (tens of kilohertz or more).

The device may be implemented, for example, using

magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator), which is a power plant in which the energy of the working fluid (liquid or gaseous electrically conductive medium) moving in a magnetic field is converted directly into electrical energy.

To implement the method as charged particles can be used: ions, electrons, charged dielectric and conductive particles, monoelectrics, etc., moving through the transformer’s magnetic core under the influence of pressure, inertia, heat, etc.

The method for producing charged particles and grouping can be any. They are set in motion by various forces — thermal, inertial, flow of the medium, etc.

Electric current is the ordered movement of electric charges. The direction of movement of positive charges is taken as the direction of electric current (OF Kabardin, “Physics. References”, Moscow, Prosveshchenie Publishing House, 1991, p. 146).

The conclusion follows: when positive charges pass through the hole of the magnetic circuit, the direction of the current coincides with the direction of motion of the particle stream, when negative charges pass in the same direction, the current is directed against the movement of the stream.

If charged particles alternate with neutral particles in a stream, then the current flows through the core only at the moments of passage of charged particles, since the movement of neutral particles is not an electric current. The current will be pulsating.

According to the formula of current strength, a change in the speed of movement of charges leads to a change in current strength. That is, with a periodic change in the particle flow rate, the current will be pulsating.

According to the formula of the current strength, a change in the number of charged particles in the flow leads to a change in the current strength. That is, with a periodic change in concentration

charged particles in the stream, the current will be pulsating.

When the direction of movement of the flow of charged particles changes, the direction of the current changes. That is, with a periodic change in the direction of motion of charged particles in the stream, the current will be alternating.

All of the above methods lead to the appearance of an alternating or pulsating current in the primary winding of the transformer formed by moving charged particles, and, therefore, to the appearance of alternating current in the secondary winding of the transformer.

The experiments of Rowland-Eichenwald prove that a moving charged body creates a magnetic field around itself is exactly the same as an ordinary electric current.

This leads to the conclusion: charged particles moving through the hole of the magnetic circuit are similar to the current flowing through it. If the particle flow is unstable (the sign of the charges, their speed, direction, particle concentration, etc.) changes, the magnetic field will be variable, and a current will appear in the secondary winding.

To generate electric energy, an alternating magnetic field is used, created in an enclosed magnetic circuit by an alternating current formed by the movement of charged particles moving, mainly under the influence of non-electric forces, through the opening of the magnetic circuit, and the energy is removed from the magnetic circuit by winding wound on it, or by bias currents in the capacitor, the plates of which are parallel to the plane of the magnetic circuit.

The alternation in the flow of positively charged particles with negatively charged and the alternation of charged particles with neutral or periodic changes in the concentration, speed or direction of movement of charged particles, etc. can be carried out in the following ways.

A moving quasineutral plasma is separated by a magnetic field into positive and negative ions, and then they are alternately passed through the hole of the magnetic circuit, for example, using valves, electrostatically, etc.

It is also possible to form positive and negative particles in separate channels and then pulsely pass them through the hole of one or more magnetic circuits, for example, using valves, by electrostatic method, etc.

It is also possible to ionize the medium with an ionizer, to which an alternating high voltage is applied. After the ionizer, positive ions will alternate with negative ones.

It is also possible to pulse ionize a medium (for example, air) with a high voltage of the same sign. In this case, charged particles alternate with neutral ones.

You can also make the charge flow of the same sign pulsed due to turbulence of the flow.

It is also possible, due to the system of channels and valves, or in another way, to introduce ionized particles of the same sign into the hole of the magnetic circuit, alternately from one to the other.

You can also use a control grid, as described below.

In front of the grid, alternating braking of positive and negative ions will occur. The reason for this phenomenon is that like charges repel. An alternating voltage is applied to the grid. When there is a negative potential on the grid, the negative ions of the quasi-neutral plasma approaching it repel from it and decelerate in front of it in the same way as it does in an electron lamp. Positive ones, on the contrary, are attracted by the grid field and accelerated. After changing the sign of the voltage on the grid, everything happens exactly the opposite. Thus, after the grid, the plasma will follow positively and negatively charged layers.

In the same way, the concentration of moving charged particles of the same sign changes. In front of the grid, ions having the same charge by the grid will be inhibited, while the neutral part of the flow freely passes through the grid. After the grid, the ionized medium follows in layers.

The charge flow of the same sign can be made pulsed, for example, as it happens in a traveling wave lamp - with the help of a charged spiral in the path of the charge flow.

Example.

The performance of the device was checked as follows. The winding of the output horizontal transformer of the TVS 110 PC 15 was connected to the input of the oscilloscope. When the transformer sharply approached the core of the transformer, a charged dielectric or metal object, the oscilloscope recorded the current. The approach of a neutral object did not cause any effect.

The device can be used in existing MHD generators, where the energy of fuel combustion is spent both on the ionization of the working substance and its acceleration. The working substance accelerates to very high speeds (2000 m / s and more). On contact

only that part of the energy that was expended in ionizing the working fluid (breaking molecules into ions) is released to the electrodes. The kinetic energy of the working fluid is wasted on heating the collector electrodes. The proposed method will allow the use of the kinetic part of the plasma energy. In addition, it becomes possible to use in MHD generators operating in a closed cycle, for example, monoelectrode or charged macroparticles, to reduce the process temperature and simplify the generator itself to the level of a heat pipe. For the MHD generator to work in the proposed mode, it is necessary to observe the conditions for the movement of charged particles described above. Separation of a moving quasineutral plasma in the channel of the MHD generator can be performed, for example, by grids installed across the flow. Positive and negative voltage are alternately applied to the grids. In front of the grid, alternating braking of positive and negative ions will occur. After the grid, the plasma will be divided into groups of charged particles, as shown in Figure 1. Entering the hole of the magnetic circuit, the charges create an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic circuit and, accordingly, an alternating current in the winding. Separation of ions and providing a pulsed mode of their motion can be carried out by constant or alternating magnetic fields and in other ways.

The device can be used in thermionic converters. Thermionic converters have a very low efficiency, about 6%, which is partly due to the loss of heating of the anode by electrons, which have a high speed when they collide with the anode, and partly because the electron gas around the cathode prevents electron emission. The electrons emitted from the heated cathode have a very different speed, however, for the generation of energy in conventional converters, only the fact that the anode reaches the electron is important, regardless of its kinetic energy. When using the proposed device, the energy of passing electron groups will be removed by the magnetic circuit (1) ((see Figure 2), the winding on the magnetic circuit is not shown), and the higher the speed of each passing electron, the stronger the magnetic field created by it, i.e. each electron will be used to the maximum, which will increase the efficiency of the converter and reduce the loss of heating of the anode. The control grid (5) (Figure 2) is supplied with a pulsed control voltage that changes the direct current of the converter to pulsed, which is necessary for the appearance of a pulsed magnetic field in

magnetic circuit. By selecting the control voltage on the grid, they achieve the optimal mode of electron emission from the cathode. The magnetic circuit can be located outside the vacuum chamber of the transducer (outside). Thermal energy is supplied to the cathode (4) (see FIG. 2). In this case, thermionic emission begins, electrons fly out of the cathode and are deposited on the anode (6). This is how a conventional thermionic converter works. We introduce a control grid (5) into the converter, applying an alternating or impulse voltage to which, we achieve impulse movement of electron groups from the cathode to the anode. The reason for the motion of the electrons is thermal energy, the grid only divides the flow of electrons into groups. In this case, an alternating or pulsed magnetic field appears in the magnetic circuit (1). The current collector winding on the magnetic circuit is not shown.

The device can be used to convert wind energy into electrical energy (see Figure 3).

The air passing through the ionizer (7) is pulse-ionized (if an alternating or pulsed voltage is applied to the ionizer) and, passing through the hole of the magnetic circuit, causes the appearance of a current at the output. Or ionization occurs continuously, constant voltage, and the air flow is turbulized before entering the core. Or, before entering the core, a control grid is installed, applying an alternating or pulsed voltage to which the current is made (in this case, the current means the ordered movement of air ions) alternating. A current will appear at the output.

The air flow is ionized before entering the core and provides the above mode, which is necessary for the appearance of an alternating or pulsating magnetic field in the magnetic circuit and current in the winding. Ionization can be carried out in any way, for example, using a high-voltage ionizer. In the channel of movement of ionized air, several magnetic cores are sequentially installed for a more complete use of wind energy.

The device can be used in hydropower (see Figure 4). In hydropower, spraying a jet of water with pressure can be used, followed by the introduction of drops charged in any way into the hole of the magnetic circuit (1). Or, macroscopic charged particles can be added to water, for example, monoelectrode particles circulating in a hydropower system in a closed loop.

A jet of water escaping under pressure (8) breaks up into small droplets charged by electrostatic induction (parts of a conductor separated in an electric field acquire a charge). Moreover, the droplets following each other have a different charge, since a pulse or alternating voltage (10) is supplied to the ring electrode (9) to charge the droplets by electrostatic induction.

Or, the droplet movement is made pulsed at a constant voltage on the electrode 9. The passage of droplets through the hole of the magnetic circuit causes a current to appear at the output. A drop of charged droplets into the magnetic circuit from above, under the action of gravity, can be used. The pressure for ejecting a jet of water can be created, for example, by a liquid column, gas pressure, steam, etc.

The device can be used in direction and wind speed sensors. In this case, the time from the moment of supply of the ionizing pulse to the moment of the appearance of the current pulse in the winding of the magnetic circuit is electronically detected. Several magnetic cores installed radially around the ionizer will determine the direction of the wind.

The wind speed sensor is designed in the same way as the energy converter faith in electric energy is only the difference that single pulses are applied to the ionizer and time is tracked from the moment the pulse was applied to the appearance of the pulse at the output. If, for example, the distance from the ionizer to the magnetic circuit is 1 meter, and the output pulse appeared 1 second after the ionizing pulse was applied, the wind speed is 1 m / s. To determine the direction of the wind, several magnetic cores are arranged in a horizontal plane radially around the ionizer, at equal distances from the latter. The line connecting the ionizer and the magnetic circuit, at the output of which a pulse appeared, is the direction of the wind.

The device can be used in nuclear energy. The movement through the openings of the cores of the ionized fission products is used, using the principles described above. The use of the device makes it possible to abandon the conversion of the energy of an atomic reaction into heat, and, then, with low efficiency - into electrical energy. Also, the device can be used in batteries such as a ball capacitor with a radioactive source, having approximately the same device and the same disadvantages as the thermionic converter described above.

Claims (1)

A device for producing electric energy comprises a magnetic circuit, a channel for moving charged particles moving under the influence of non-electric external forces through the magnetic circuit so that an alternating or pulsed magnetic field appears in the magnetic circuit; contains a winding wound on a magnetic circuit, the function of which is to output an electric current through it.