RU2327055C1 - Hot-pipe electrostatic generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: generator housing consists of a ring with a cold and hot face walls, a casing coaxially arranged in the ring with gaps between its top and bottom end faces and the hot and cold walls communicating with the steam source accompanied by formation of evaporation and condensation zones, and U-shaped partition made from dielectric, its upper bar adjoins the hot wall inner surface to divide a conducting layer and evaporation zone into two parts, while vertical space between the ring, casing, hot and cold walls is divided into two equal-size compartments filled with fuses made from porous materials with varying electrochemical properties and adjoining the various sectors of the conducting layer, nearby the hot wall, make the collector of opposite charges and are provided with terminals. A dielectric liquid is the working medium.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the generator.

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Description

The present invention relates to a power system and can be used for the disposal of secondary thermal energy and low-potential thermal energy of natural sources, namely, for the transformation of thermal energy into electrical energy.

Known electrostatic generator containing a cylindrical rotor made of a dielectric, a stator made of semiconductor material, inductors, ionizers, electrostatic pathogen and housing (AS USSR No. 202290, M. CL H2N 1/10, 1967).

The disadvantages of the known electrostatic generator are the need for a mechanical drive to rotate the rotor of the generator, which makes it impossible to use it when using secondary thermal energy and natural sources of low potential heat.

Closer to the proposed invention is an electrostatic generator containing a pump, a piping system, a housing in which porous plates (wicks) are made, made of materials that allow to receive positive and negative charges to a liquid dielectric (dielectric fluid) pumped through them, and to transfer these charges on the collectors (AS USSR No. 66073, M. class. Н02N 3/00, 1940).

The main disadvantages of the known device (heat engine) are the bulkiness of the structure, energy costs for driving a circulation pump, which narrows the scope of its application and, ultimately, reduces its effectiveness.

The technical result, the solution of which the invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of the electrostatic generator.

The technical result is achieved in a heatpipe electrostatic generator (TTESG), which contains: a housing made of dielectric material and consisting of a shell muffled at both ends by a hot wall, internally coated with a layer of electrically conductive material and a cold wall made of dielectric material and placed inside the shell coaxially the casing in such a way that there are gaps between its upper end and the hot wall, lower end and cold wall that communicate with the transport channel steam ki forming evaporation and condensation zones; a vertical U-shaped partition made of dielectric material, the upper crossbar of which adjoins the inner surface of the evaporation wall and is divided into two sectors: the electrically conductive layer and the evaporation zone, and the vertical stripes are the cavity between the shell, the casing, the hot and cold walls, two equal in size its dimensions of the compartment filled with wicks made of porous materials of different electrochemical characteristics, which allow receiving positive or negative charges in the working fluid and adjacent to the hot wall to different sectors of the electrically conductive layer, which serve as collectors of positive and negative charges and equipped with external terminals, and a dielectric fluid is used as a working fluid.

Figure 1 presents the proposed heat pipe electrostatic generator (TTESG).

Figure 2 is a section along BB in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section along BB in figure 1.

TTESG consists of a housing 1 made of a dielectric material, consisting of a shell 2, a hot wall 3, muffled from both ends, internally coated with a layer of electrically conductive material 4 and a cold wall 5, also made of dielectric material and placed inside the shell 2 coaxially of the casing 6 in this way that between its upper end and the hot wall 3, the lower end and the cold wall 5 there are gaps 7 and 8, communicating with the vapor transport channel 9 and forming the evaporation and condensation zones 10, 11, respectively about; a vertical U-shaped partition 12 made of dielectric material, the upper crossbar of which is adjacent to the inner surface of the hot wall 3 and halves the layer of electrically conductive material 4 and the evaporation zone 10, and the vertical stripes are the cavity between the shell 2, the casing 6, the hot wall 3 and cold wall 5 - into equal sized compartments 13 and 14. The compartment 13 is filled with a wick 15 made of a porous material that allows you to get positive charges in the working fluid, which is adjacent to its hot wall 3 the sector of the layer of electrically conductive material 4, which serves as a positive charge collector 16 and provided with an external terminal 17, and the compartment 14 is filled with a wick 18 made of porous material, which allows to receive negative charges in the working fluid, which is adjacent to its sector of the layer of electrically conductive material 4 at the cold wall 5 , which serves as a collector of negative charges 19 and provided with an external terminal 20, and a dielectric fluid is used as a working fluid.

The work of the proposed TTESG is based on the ability of dielectric fluids to undergo electrification when moving through pipelines and especially through porous partitions, in which the magnitude of the electrification current can increase by several orders of magnitude, the ability of porous partitions made of different materials to communicate opposite charges to the fluid moving through them (V .V. Zakharchenko et al. Electrification of liquids and its prevention. - M.: Chemistry, 1975, p.15-25), as well as high efficiency of heat transfer in heat pipes tanks, which are divided into three sections: the evaporation zone (heat supply), the adiabatic zone (heat transfer) and the condensation zone (heat removal), covered from the inside with a wick made of a porous material and partially filled with a working fluid (liquid) that transfers heat, the quality of which is used water, alcohols and other organic liquids, freons, liquid metals etc. (V.V. Kharitonov et al. Secondary heat and energy resources and environmental protection. - Minsk: Vys. School, 1988, p. 106).

The proposed TTESG works as follows.

Previously, before starting work, air is removed from the housing 1 of the ТТЭГГ and the working fluid-dielectric is pumped with a specific electrical resistance of at least (10-12) Ohm · m, which is also selected depending on the temperature potential of cold and hot media (nozzle for removing air and 1 to 4), in an amount greater than the pore volume of the wicks 15 and 18 by the amount of steam condensate occupying the volume of the steam channel 9. Terminals 17 and 20 are connected to the current consumer, after which the TTESG case 1 is set in such a way Basically, the hot wall 3 is in contact with the hot medium, and the cold wall 5 is in contact with the cold. As a result of heating of the hot wall 3 in the evaporation zone 10, the working fluid evaporates, steam forms, which, passing at high speed through the steam channel 9, enters the condensation zone 11, condenses there due to the contact of the outer surface of the cold wall 5 with a cold medium, after whereupon the resulting condensate of the dielectric liquid is absorbed by the pores of the wicks 15 through the gap of the gap 8 and under the influence of capillary forces and evaporation in the evaporation zone 10 is adiabatically transported through the pores of the wicks 15 (manufactured, n for example, from a metal grid) and 18 (made, for example, from a fiberglass mesh), where the liquid is electrified with the acquisition of positive and negative charges, respectively, enters the inner surface of the collectors of positive and negative charges 16, 19 and is discharged to them, creating a potential difference at terminals 17 and 20. Then, the discharged liquid through the gap 7 enters the evaporation zone 10, where the above-described evaporation process takes place and the cycle repeats.

Thus, the proposed TTESG provides the possibility of obtaining electric energy through the utilization of secondary thermal energy resources of various potentials (energy from waste water, exhaust gases, etc.), heat resources of natural sources (energy from the sun, water, etc. which ensures its high efficiency in various sectors of the economy.

Claims (1)

A heatpipe electrostatic generator, including a casing, internally covered with wicks made of different porous materials, allowing electrifying the liquid with opposite charges and filled with dielectric fluid, collectors made of electrically conductive material, characterized in that the casing consists of a shell muffled from both ends by a hot wall, internally coated with a layer of electrically conductive material, and a cold wall made of a dielectric material and placed inside the shell axially to the casing in such a way that there are gaps between its upper end and the hot wall, lower end, and cold wall, which communicate with the vapor transport channel, forming evaporation and condensation zones, of a vertical U-shaped partition made of dielectric material, the upper crossbar of which adjoins the inner surface of the hot evaporation wall and divides into two sectors the electrically conductive layer and the evaporation zone, and the vertical stripes - the cavity between the shell, the casing, the hot and cold walls - on equal in size to the compartment, filled with wicks made of porous materials of different electrochemical characteristics that allow receiving positive or negative charges in the working fluid and adjacent to different sectors of the electrically conductive layer near the hot wall, which serve as collectors of positive and negative charges and equipped with external terminals moreover, a dielectric fluid is used as a working fluid.

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