RU2652322C1 - Aerostat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aeronautics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of aerostats, in particular to pilotless aerial vehicle (PAVs). Aerostat includes a multi-copter, a gondola, ACS capsule, a battery compartment, cargo container grips, an orientation and tracking system. Multicopter consists of several sectacopters connected by locking devices, and a turntable located on the multicopter support frame, the gondola is located below. Body of the nacelle is made in the form of a bellows, with the ability to contract and expand, depending on the flight conditions. Inside the nacelle a pneumatic jack is installed between the gondola support frame and the multicopter support frame, under which the cargo container holds. On top of the multi-copter is an ACS capsule with flight parameters recorders, and above it is an orientation and tracking system. Part of the propellers is used to create a vertical lifting rod, the other part is the horizontal displacement propulsion engines, and the third part is windmills.

EFFECT: provided reduction in energy costs during maneuvering.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aeronautical vehicles, in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In Russia, there is a special interest in aeronautics: the task is to actively develop the vastness of Siberia, the Far East, the Far North and the lands and water spaces of the Arctic. The Trans-Siberian railway only in the south of Siberia, just north - you can’t get anything: the Soviet air transport system is destroyed, you can’t drive a car, you haven’t gone for a long time ... Aeronautical vehicles that do not require airfields can help solve this problem.

The working conditions of the aircraft are difficult and extreme. The air temperature near the ground is from -50 in winter to +30 in summer. Strong wind, sudden change in weather. Endless open spaces without airfields and possible emergency landings without convenient sites. The warm season is short, and the volumes of cargo are outrageous. The aircraft should have a large carrying capacity and a relatively high speed, be resistant to strong winds, have great strength and reliability of all nodes in case of emergency landings in the taiga or on ice hummocks. The aircraft must have a reserve of power and electricity, increased modularity and easily disassembled into fragments, because further transportation of the cargo and the aircraft itself after an emergency landing can be carried out by other means of transport.

Currently, the use of drones has become widespread. Military UAVs are used for reconnaissance, fire adjustment and striking, surveying the coordinates of enemy targets, measuring distances and areas. Our drones showed themselves well in Syria, like all our military equipment. Su-37 proved to be the most masterly, most maneuverable aircraft in the world. In shock UAVs, we are sharply behind the United States. There hypersonic aircraft SR-72 and X-48 storm the speed of 5-7 MAX. The Chinese Wing Loong system and the drone CY-4, as well as the Israeli Heron drone, are known.

Russian shock drones SKAT and TU-300 Korshun, Dozor 600, T-10E, ZALA 421-16ET do not have primary indicators. The first UAVs appeared in the USSR, but now the positions in this area have been lost.

Problems of target recognition gave rise to problems of a legal and moral-psychological nature.

Unmanned aerial vehicles for peaceful purposes can be used for various activities: monitoring forests, migration of animals and birds, fish surveillance, the status of dams and ponds, monitoring gas and transport pipelines, reconnaissance during emergency situations, fire monitoring of buildings and other objects; delivery of goods to people in distress, lost people, climbers, geologists and so on, especially drones should be used where there is a direct threat to a person in areas of radioactive or chemical contamination. The need for drones in cities is great (due to traffic jams neither technical nor medical assistance can provide quick help), but the case rests on legal security issues.

Today, many companies are developing drones for peaceful purposes: OKB Yakovleva, OKB MiG, OKB Sukhoi, OKB Sokol, Transas (all military-industrial purposes); ZALA AERO GROUP, BLASKOR, Unmanned, Aerocon (all civilian purposes), etc. Cost from 500 thousand rubles.

Our task is different from the tasks of military and peaceful drones. The purpose of the invention is to create a navigational apparatus of large group capacity, capable of traveling long distances in extreme conditions of Siberia and the Far North.

For the basic version of the flying device, you can take any of the drones (UAVs), quadrocopters or drones, supplementing it with elements of novelty. There are many drones in Russia and in the world, both military and civilian [3, 4, 5], but all of them, with the exception of drums, are small or very small in size and have a carrying capacity sufficient to carry a video camera and measuring instruments.

Mini UAVs are rapidly gaining popularity in the civilian sphere, where large airport-based UAVs have traditionally been unavailable both financially and legally. Abroad, mini-UAVs are used to protect farmland, cartography, remote chemical and physical analysis, control germination and ripeness of crops, and chemical processing. An example of this is the Japanese Yamaha RMAX farmer UAV helicopters. In Russia, this practice is only just beginning to be implemented by individual organizations [6].

In 2012, Parrot conquered the market with a successful and fairly affordable AR quadrocopter. Drone, and recently introduced a new model called Bebop Drone (AR. Drone 3.0). It is also intended for amateur piloting and aerial photography. The device is already equipped with an HD camera with an advanced stabilization system and a 180-degree lens. There is also a built-in GPS module. Management can be carried out from a smartphone or tablet via WiFi. In addition, an optional remote control with convenient controls and a long-range antenna is available as an option. The Oculus Rift virtual reality headset also has native support. The disadvantage is the weak 1200 mAh battery. It is enough for only 12 minutes of flight. To increase the carrying capacity of the quadrocopter, most of its elements are made of light carbon fiber, and the wing is filled with helium. It is advisable that the quadrocopter soared for a long time in the air without turning on the propulsors.

The basis of any automatic control is a simple sequence: measuring, comparing and counteracting the disturbing effect. As a rule, in a modern professional on-board navigation and control system, the function of measuring the state of the system is performed by a small-sized inertial integrated system (MINS) [7, 8].

Having in its composition many inertial sensors (micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers), as well as a barometric altimeter and a triaxial magnetometer, and combining the data of these sensors with the data of the GPS receiver, the system generates a complete navigation solution for the coordinates and orientation angles. A typical structural diagram of an autopilot includes: a magnetic compass, a barometric speed sensor, a barometric altitude sensor, an ultrasonic altitude sensor (for take-off and landing), a satellite navigation system, a gyro vertical, a horizon donor, actuators and radar devices that monitor the air situation along the route.

To ensure the tasks, as well as determine the coordinates of the studied areas of the terrain, the multicopter ACS should include: devices for obtaining specific information, a satellite navigation system, devices for radio lines of view and telemetry information, devices for command and navigation radio lines with an antenna-feeder device, command exchange device information, information exchange device, on-board digital computer (BTsVM), device for storing specific information. To ensure communication over long distances and to increase noise immunity due to spatial selection, UAV control systems use highly directional antenna systems (AS) on both launchers and UAVs. The control system of a highly directional speaker includes: a strictly directional speaker, the radio parameters of which are selected based on the requirements to ensure the necessary communication range along the radio line, a servo drive that provides spatial orientation of the antenna bottom in the direction of the expected occurrence of radiation from the communication object, and an automatic tracking system (ASN ), providing stable auto-tracking of the communication object in the zone of confident capture of the direction-finding characteristic of the ASN, Radio a removable device that provides the formation of the “Communication” signal, which indicates the reception of information with a given quality, The antenna system control system, which analyzes the current state of the AS control system, generates servo control signals to ensure the spatial orientation of the speakers in accordance with the flight task and the spatial scanning algorithm. Thus, the most important component of an unmanned aircraft complex is the control and communication system. Coordinate orientation is carried out according to the Glanas system.

Currently, drones perform scientific tasks or are used for reconnaissance purposes. Payload, except for control and monitoring equipment, they do not carry.

The invention is known (http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/258/2581971.html © FindPatent.ru - Patent Search, 2012-2016), which relates to the field of aeronautics. The aeronautical apparatus includes an octagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control systems. In the center of the octagonal truss there is a pneumatic polymer pipe consisting of hermetically insulated sections reinforced with polymer hoops and fastened together by lock joints, supported in an upright position by means of automatic tensioning devices. When filled with light gas, the polymer pipe creates a lifting force that compensates for the weight of the load suspended from the farm. The invention is aimed at creating an aircraft that is well oriented in space; taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this invention can be called the following:

The “soft” shell of the sections of the polymer pipe and the large frontal resistance to the wind reduce the capabilities of the aeronautical apparatus for vertical maneuver.

The device, in accordance with physical principles, should have a shape close to the shape of an ellipsoid (disk-shaped or cigar-shaped), moreover, the cigar-shaped form is suitable mainly for a very large-capacity device, and disk-shaped for a device with high maneuverability. The conditions of the Far North of Russia when the summer lasts 1.5-2 months require fast delivery of cargo, therefore, the aeronautical apparatus must have a large carrying capacity and a relatively high speed. The peculiarity of the movement of people and equipment in the Far North is group movement: ships on the Arctic Ocean are driven by caravans with icebreakers at the head, cars in Siberia are moved in columns and aeronautical aircraft, preferably in packs, also in groups, while the energy on the vehicles should not be absent for a minute . (it will be difficult to revive the equipment during an emergency landing). Each aeronautical apparatus should have a significant reserve for power and energy reserves.

Tactically, our task is solved as follows: the weight of the load is compensated by containers with light gas. The aeronautical apparatus consists of a powerful multicopter, a nacelle, an ASU capsule, a battery compartment, and an orientation and tracking system. The main differences are as follows. A multicopter consists of several cultivopters connected by locking devices and a rotary platform located on the multicopter support frame, a nacelle is located below, the body of which is made in the form of a bellows, with the ability to contract and expand depending on flight conditions, an air jack installed inside the nacelle, bursting between the support frame the nacelle and the multicopter support frame, under which the grips of the cargo container are located, on top of the multicopter there is an ACS capsule with recorders of flight parameters, and hell is the orientation and tracking system. At the same time, part of the movers are used to create vertical lifting thrust, the other part is marching engines of horizontal movement, and the third part is windmills used to generate electricity that accumulates in the battery compartment, all movers are of the same type, and their functions vary depending on conditions flight.

An important feature of the aeronautical apparatus is the change in the shape of the nacelle depending on the wind speed and drag. With a headwind with a speed of more than 5 m / s, the gondola turns into a flat ellipsoid, and with a tailwind it approaches a spherical shape. In windy weather, most propulsors operate as marching displacement engines to overcome airflow resistance and increase flight speed.

In the conditions of the Far North, when flying over a distance of many thousands, there is no way to wait out the weather at the alternate aerodrome. The total power of propulsors should significantly exceed the power required to move the cargo in warm latitudes.

In favorable conditions, surplus propulsors are used as windmills to generate electricity and replenish it in the battery compartment.

In order to reduce power consumption during maneuvering, the multicopter is installed on a rotary platform with a servo drive, which allows you to avoid twisting the nacelle with a cargo container when turning the multicopter.

The design of the aeronautical apparatus is proposed:

in FIG. 1 shows a front view of the apparatus with a section, in FIG. 2 - view of the apparatus from above.

The aeronautical apparatus consists of: 1 - ACS capsule, 2 - secectopter, 3 - multicopter support frame, 4 - bellows body in the form of a bellows, 5 - battery compartment, 6 - grips of the cargo container, 7 - orientation and tracking system, 8 - electric motors with variable thrust vector, 9 - turntable, 10 - pneumatic jack, 11 - support frame of the nacelle, 12 - cargo container.

The modularity of the design and the locking connections of the elements allow you to select the type of nacelle and the number of cultivators for the required volume of cargo. There is no reason to hope for quick technical assistance - every accident is eliminated by the search and rescue service, therefore the reliability of the design and the uninterrupted supply of energy is of particular importance for work in the Far North.

This drone should have a video surveillance system, a radar, a Glanas coordinate orientation and tracking system, a communications system, an automatic control system, and a lightning rod system.

The volume of the gas chambers of the nacelle is not limited either in height or in diameter, the number of nacelles can be of several types, which means that the cargo carried can be significant. Most of the elements of the proposed device are made of light carbon fiber, for example, ABS plastic or KLEVLAR fiber, which are stronger than steel, but lighter than it.

On the basis of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix, composite carbon-graphite materials are created that can withstand temperatures up to 3000 degrees in inert or reducing environments for a long time. CFRPs are very lightweight and, at the same time, durable materials [9]. For example, a polymer of this class, called “Hypol”, has the following parameters: operating temperature up to 2000 degrees, chemical inertness to oxidizing media, does not burn, is 1.5 times lighter than aluminum, and is very durable [10]. Of interest is the latest development of Russian scientists - the graphite polymer, which has special and exotic properties [11]. For this development, Russian scientists received the Nobel Prize in 2010. Carbon-graphite tubes can achieve a strength of 50 times the strength of steel.

Carbon thin films applied by spraying the walls of the gas chambers from the inside protect against gas leakage.

Helium is used to create a lift that compensates for the weight of the cargo.

The aeronautical apparatus is controlled on autopilot along the route laid down in the on-board computer program and guided by the coordinates of the Glonas system, while constant monitoring and course correction by the dispatching service, as well as recording of flight parameters by recorders, is carried out.

The aeronautical apparatus can be used in the steppes of Kazakhstan and the deserts of Central Asia and Mongolia.

It is possible that in the future, the proposed mode of transport can be used to transport people.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Modern systems for cleaning gas emissions.

2. RF patent 2420425.

3 - bp-la.ru/primenenie-bespilotnyx-letatelnyx-apparatov/

4. A. Karimov, V. Ilyin. Military Review, # 46 (268), 2013

5.24gadget.ru/tags/dron.

6. N.S. Senyushkin. Features classification aircraft UAV type. "Young scientist", - 2010, - No. 11, - p. 65-68.

7. A. Poskutnikov. UAV automatic control systems. "Young scientist", - 2011, - No. 9, - p. 56-58.

8. V. Slosar. Radio links with UAVs: Implementation examples. Electronics: science, technology, business. - 2010, - No. 5. - from. 56050

9. Konkin A.A. Carbon and other heat-resistant fibrous materials. M .: Higher school, 2004.

10. http: highpol.com.

11. http: newchemistry.ru

Claims (2)

1. An aeronautical apparatus, including a multicopter, a nacelle, an ACS capsule, a battery compartment, a cargo container captures, an orientation and tracking system, characterized in that the multicopter consists of several quadcopter connected by locking devices and a rotary platform located on the multicopter support frame, located below a nacelle, the housing of which is made in the form of a bellows, with the ability to contract and expand depending on the flight conditions, a pneumatic jack installed between the support ama nacelle and multicopter supporting frame, by which the grippers are located freight container top is multicopter ACS capsule with flight data recorders, and above it is a system of guidance and tracking. 2. The aeronautical apparatus according to claim 1, including a multicopter, a nacelle, an ASU capsule, a battery compartment, cargo container grips, an orientation and tracking system, characterized in that some of the propulsors are used to create vertical lifting thrust, the other part is marching engines of horizontal movement, and the third part is the windmills used to generate electricity, which is accumulated in the battery compartment, and all propellers are of the same type, and their functions vary depending on flight conditions .

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