RU2643306C1 - Aeronautic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aeronautics. Aeronautical vehicle includes a hexagonal supporting frame with electric propelling devices at the ends. In the center of the hexagonal frame there is a row of bellows of the bearing gas chambers, above which there is a row of bellows of small high pressure gas chambers, designed to squeeze the load-bearing gas chambers and change their volume for the purpose of controlling the lifting force. On the support posts there is a panel of the solar battery, the body of which is made in the form of an ellipsoid, filled with gas, and under airflow conditions creates an additional aerodynamic lift force.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at increasing maneuverability and resistance to lateral wind pressure.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of aeronautical vehicles, in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Known aeronautical apparatus (airship) containing a farm, a cigar-shaped shell filled with gas lighter than air, a stabilizer, fastening elements of the shell to the farm, propellers in the form of propellers, a cabin for the crew and cargo [2].

The invention is also known [3], in which the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the aeronautical apparatus containing the truss, a cigar-shaped shell filled with gas lighter than air, a stabilizer, fastening elements of the shell to the truss, propellers in the form of propellers, a crew cabin and cargo, mooring devices. The aeronautical apparatus consists of three horizontally located shells (the central one has a stabilizer) connected from below by a common truss, and O-shaped parts are located and attached to the truss between the shells, with movers mounted on them on the transverse rotary axes.

For the basic version of the flying device, you can take any of the drones (UAVs), quadrocopters or drones, supplementing it with elements of novelty. There are many designs of drones in Russia and in the world, both military and civilian [3, 4, 5]. Mini UAVs are rapidly gaining popularity in the civilian sphere, where large airport-based UAVs have traditionally been unavailable both financially and legally. Abroad, mini-UAVs are used to protect farmland, cartography, remote chemical and physical analysis, control germination and ripeness of crops, and chemical processing. An example of this is the Japanese Yamaha RMAX farmer UAV helicopters. In Russia, this practice is only just beginning to be implemented by individual organizations [6].

In 2012, Parrot conquered the market with the successful and fairly affordable quadcopter AR.Drone, and recently introduced a new model called Bebop Drone (AR.Drone 3.0). It is also intended for amateur piloting and aerial photography. The device is already equipped with an HD camera with an advanced stabilization system and a 180-degree lens. There is also a built-in GPS module. Management can be carried out from a smartphone or tablet via WiFi. In addition, an optional remote control with convenient controls and a long-range antenna is available as an option. The Oculus Rift virtual reality headset also has native support. The disadvantage is the weak 1200 mAh battery. It is enough for only 12 minutes of flight. To increase the carrying capacity of the quadrocopter, most of its elements are made of light carbon fiber, and the wing is filled with helium. It is advisable that the quadrocopter soared for a long time in the air without turning on the propulsors.

The basis of any automatic control is a simple sequence: measuring, comparing and counteracting the disturbing effect. As a rule, in a modern professional airborne navigation and control system, the function of measuring the state of the system is performed by a small-sized inertial integrated system (MINS) [7, 8].

Having in its composition triads of inertial sensors (micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers), as well as a barometric altimeter and a triaxial magnetometer, and combining the data of these sensors with the data of the GPS receiver, the system generates a complete navigation solution for coordinates and orientation angles.

A typical structural scheme of an autopilot includes: a magnetic compass, a barometric speed sensor, a barometric altitude sensor, an ultrasonic altitude sensor (for take-off landings), a satellite navigation system, a gyro-vertical, a horizontal piezo sensor, actuators and radar devices that monitor the air situation along the route.

To ensure the tasks, as well as determine the coordinates of the studied areas of the terrain, the quadcopter ACS should include: devices for obtaining specific information, a satellite navigation system, devices for radio lines for viewing and telemetry information, devices for command and navigation radio links with an antenna-feeder device, command exchange device information, information exchange device, on-board digital computer (BTsVM), device for storing specific information. To ensure communication over long distances and to increase noise immunity due to spatial selection, UAV control systems use highly directional antenna systems (AS) on both launchers and UAVs. The control system of a highly directional AS includes: a strictly directional AS, the radio technical parameters of which are selected based on the requirements to ensure the necessary communication range along the radio line, a servo drive providing spatial orientation of the antenna bottom in the direction of the expected occurrence of radiation from the communication object, and an automatic tracking system (ASN ), providing stable auto-tracking of the communication object in the zone of confident capture of the direction-finding characteristic of the ASN system, radio a removable device that provides the formation of the “Communication” signal, which indicates the reception of information with a given quality, an antenna system control system that provides analysis of the current state of the AS control system, generation of servo control signals to ensure the spatial orientation of the speakers in accordance with the flight mission and spatial scanning algorithm. Thus, the most important component of an unmanned aircraft complex is the control and communication system.

Currently, drones perform scientific tasks or are used for reconnaissance purposes. Payload, except for control and monitoring equipment, they do not carry.

The invention is known (http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/258/2581971.html © FindPatent.ru - Patent Search, 2012-2016), which relates to the field of aeronautics. The aeronautical apparatus includes an octagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control systems. In the center of the octagonal truss there is a pneumatic polymer pipe consisting of hermetically insulated sections reinforced with polymer hoops and fastened together by lock joints, supported in an upright position by means of automatic tensioning devices. When filled with light gas, the polymer pipe creates a lifting force that compensates for the weight of the load suspended from the farm. The invention is aimed at creating an aircraft that is well oriented in space; taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this invention can be called the following:

- "soft" shell sections of the polymer pipe, a large frontal resistance to wind reduce the ability of the aeronautical apparatus for vertical maneuver;

- the device in accordance with physical principles should have a shape close to the shape of an ellipsoid (disk-shaped or cigar-shaped), moreover, the cigar-shaped form is suitable mainly for a device with a very high carrying capacity, and disk-shaped - for a device with high maneuverability.

The aim of the invention is the creation of an aeronautical device with high maneuverability, resistance to lateral wind pressure and capable of carrying a significant payload.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the aeronautical apparatus in a section, in FIG. 2 - the same apparatus on the side, in FIG. 3 - the same apparatus with a top view.

The aeronautical apparatus consists of:

1 - solar panel with ramps 2 and support legs 3, 4 - bellows of the carrier gas chamber, 5 - bellows of the small pressure chamber, 6 - ring stiffener, 7 - hexacopter carrier frame, 8 - electric motor with variable traction vector, 9 - gas cushion, 10 - chassis with locks 11 and pneumatic shock absorbers 12, 13 - cargo, 14 - fairing, 15 - air cylinder with gas, 16 - electric power accumulators.

A hexacopter with six electric motors with a variable thrust vector was adopted as the basis. The case of the solar battery is made in the form of an ellipsoid and filled with gas. The ramps are used to increase the area of electricity generation, and also serve as a sail with a fair wind or cover from strong side winds. The body of the gas chamber is made in the form of a bellows that can move apart and contract. Helium was used as the working gas. Cases of all devices are made of ultra-light and durable Kevlar.

The weight of the payload is significantly offset by the lifting force of the helium tanks: gas cushion, bellows of the gas chambers and the body of the solar battery filled with gas.

Electric motors are actively used during take-off and landing; when flying at a given height, they are mainly used to move cargo along a given route using an autopilot and navigator. In high-altitude flight, at a cruising speed gained, the flowing air flows of the solar battery body create additional dynamic lifting force, while the body, like an airplane wing, can change the angle of attack by turning the ramps. The maneuverability of the aeronautic apparatus is improved by changing the volume of the carrier gas chambers by compressing them with bellows of high pressure gas chambers filled with helium from a pneumobolon and, of course, with a thrust of electric motors, which are largely free from lifting loads.

Resistance to lateral wind pressure is increased by improving the aerodynamic cigar-shaped apparatus, the rigid body of the gas chambers and reducing their height.

An air cushion located under the hexacopter carrier truss during a “hard landing” can serve as a shock-absorbing element and protect expensive automatic control equipment from breakage.

To increase the safety of expensive and flowing helium, all gas containers inside are covered with an elastic film deposited by spraying.

The aeronautical apparatus includes a hexagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, gas chambers, a solar panel, surveillance, orientation, communication and automatic control systems.

The main difference is that the bodies of the gas chambers are made in the form of rigid bellows, capable of changing the volume of the carrier gas chambers under the pressure of the bellows of small high-pressure chambers created by gas from the pneumobolon.

Another difference is that the body of the solar battery, made in the form of an ellipsoid and filled with gas, acts as a wing and when flowing around it with air flows creates additional aerodynamic lifting force and improves position stability and maneuverability of flight.

With a fair wind, not all propulsors can be involved and some propulsors can work like windmills - in the mode of an energy generator. In the same mode, they can be used with the ground position of the hexacopter, during loading and unloading operations. In this case, the mover automatically turns towards the wind.

This drone should have a video surveillance system, a radar, a Glanas orientation and tracking system, a communication system, an automatic control system, and a lightning rod system. The solar panel is guided along the sun by servos. The software application allows you to view the route traveled by GPS coordinates and adjust the further operation of the aeronautical apparatus. The hexacopter and the operation of all devices are controlled by the ACS unit, as well as the operator from a smartphone or tablet (a special electronic control device is also possible).

The volumes of gas chambers are not limited either in height or in diameter, their number is also not limited, which means that the transported cargo can be significant. Most of the elements of the proposed device are made of lightweight carbon fiber reinforced plastic, such as ABS plastic or KLEVLAR fiber, which are stronger than steel, but lighter than her.

On the basis of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix, composite carbon-graphite materials are created that can withstand temperatures up to 3000 degrees in inert or reducing environments for a long time. CFRPs are very lightweight and at the same time durable materials [9]. For example, a polymer of this class, called “Hypol”, has the following parameters: operating temperature up to 2000 degrees, chemical inertness to oxidizing media, does not burn, is 1.5 times lighter than aluminum and is very durable [10]. Of interest is the latest development of Russian scientists - the graphite polymer, which has special and exotic properties [11]. For this development, Russian scientists received the Nobel Prize in 2010. Carbon-graphite tubes can achieve strength 50 times the strength of steel.

Carbon thin films applied by spraying the walls of the gas chambers from the inside prevent gas leaks. When landing the apparatus, all means of maneuvering the aeronautical apparatus are used: rotation of the propulsors and change of the thrust vector, change of the volume of the supporting gas chambers, rotation of the ramps of the solar battery. During an emergency landing, gas from the carrier gas chambers is released into the atmosphere, and the gas cushion serves as a shock-absorbing element.

The proposed drone does not need airfields like an airplane, it doesn’t need refueling bases like a helicopter, it doesn’t need roads like wagons. It is difficult to come up with equipment failure, as a result of which the goods might not be delivered as intended.

The aeronautical apparatus is designed to transport large loads in places where there are no roads, landing sites, with poor visibility, where traditional modes of transport are difficult or impossible: in taiga, tundra and the Far North. The aeronautical apparatus can also be used in the steppes of Kazakhstan and the desert of Central Asia and Mongolia.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Modern systems for cleaning gas emissions. www.coolreferat.com.

2. RF patent 2420425.

3. -bp-la.ru/primenenie-bespilotnyx-letatelnyx-apparatov/

4. A. Karimov, V. Ilyin. "Military Review", # 46 (268), 2013.

5.24gadget.ru/tags/don.

6. N.S. Senyushkin. Features classification aircraft UAV type. "Young scientist", - 2010, - No. 11, - p. 65-68.

7. A. Poskutnikov. UAV automatic control systems. "Young scientist", - 2011, - No. 9, - p. 56-58.

8. V. Slosar. Radio links with UAVs: Implementation examples. Electronics: science, technology, business. - 2010, - No. 5. - from. 56050

9. Konkin A.A. Carbon and other heat-resistant fibrous materials. M., High School, 2004.

10. http: highpol.com.

11. http: newchemistry.ru

Claims (2)

1. The aeronautical apparatus includes a hexagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, carrying gas chambers, a solar panel, monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control systems, characterized in that the bodies of the carrier gas chambers are made in the form of rigid bellows capable of changing the volume of the carrier gas chambers under pressure from bellows of small high-pressure chambers created by gas from a pneumatic balloon. 2. The aeronautical apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a housing for a solar panel, which is made in the form of an ellipsoid and filled with gas with the ability to play the role of a wing when it flows around it with air currents, creating additional aerodynamic lifting force, which improves position stability and flight maneuverability.

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