RU2642210C1 - Aeronautic craft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to flight vehicles. Aeronautical vehicle includes a multi-copter with four electromotors and two turbomotors, supporting frame, gas chambers, solar panel, surveillance, orientation, communication and automatic control systems. Vehicle is made in a rigid ellipsoidal aerodynamic body and consists of a supporting frame with consoles, at the ends of which four electromotors with a variable thrust vector are suspended. On the frame there are two gondolas, consisting of rigid bodies and gas chambers with a constant and variable volume. Under the supporting frame there is a gas cushion, and in the front part of the supporting frame there is a monocrys, below the frame two turboprop engines are suspended. In the rear part of the supporting frame there are stabilization devices consisting of rudders, ailerons and flaps, connected through an automated control system with elements of changing the volume of gas chambers, which increases the stability and controllability of the device as a whole.

EFFECT: invention provides higher strength and stability of controllability of the vehicle.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

In Russia, there is a special interest in aeronautics: the task is to actively settle in the vast expanses of Siberia, the Far East, the Far North and the lands and waters of the Arctic. The Trans-Siberian railway only in the south of Siberia, just north - you can’t get anything: the Soviet air transport system is destroyed, you can’t drive a car, you haven’t gone for a long time ... Aeronautical vehicles that do not require an airfield can help solve this problem.

The present invention relates to the field of aeronautical vehicles, in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Known aeronautical apparatus (airship) containing a farm, a cigar-shaped shell filled with gas lighter than air, a stabilizer, fastening elements of the shell to the farm, propellers in the form of propellers, a cabin for the crew and cargo [2].

The invention is also known [3], in which the aeronautical apparatus comprises a truss, a cigar-shaped shell filled with gas lighter than air, a stabilizer, fastening elements of the shell to the truss, propellers in the form of propellers, a cabin for the crew and cargo, berthing facilities . The aeronautical apparatus consists of three horizontally located shells (the central one has a stabilizer) connected from below by a common truss, and O-shaped parts are located and attached to the truss between the shells, with movers mounted on them on the transverse rotary axes.

For the basic version of the flying device, you can take any of the drones (UAVs), quadrocopters or drones, supplementing it with elements of novelty. There are many designs of drones in Russia and in the world, both military and civilian [3, 4, 5]. Mini UAVs are rapidly gaining popularity in the civilian sphere, where large airport-based UAVs have traditionally been unavailable both financially and legally. Abroad, mini-UAVs are used to protect farmland, cartography, remote chemical and physical analysis, control germination and ripeness of crops, and chemical processing. An example of this is the Japanese Yamaha RMAX farmer UAV helicopters. In Russia, this practice is only just beginning to be implemented by individual organizations [6].

In 2012, Parrot conquered the market with a successful and fairly affordable AR quadrocopter. Drone, and recently introduced a new model called Bebop Drone (AR. Drone 3.0). It is also intended for amateur piloting and aerial photography. The device is already equipped with an HD camera with an advanced stabilization system and a 180-degree lens. There is also a built-in GPS module. Management can be carried out from a smartphone or tablet via WiFi. In addition, an optional remote control with convenient controls and a long-range antenna is available as an option. The Oculus Rift virtual reality headset also has native support. The disadvantage is the weak 1200 mAh battery. It is enough for only 12 minutes of flight. To increase the carrying capacity of the quadrocopter, most of its elements are made of light carbon fiber, and the wing is filled with helium. It is advisable that the quadrocopter soared for a long time in the air without turning on the propulsors.

The basis of any automatic control is a simple sequence: measuring, comparing and counteracting the disturbing effect. As a rule, in a modern professional airborne navigation and control system, the function of measuring the state of the system is performed by a small-sized inertial integrated system (MINS) [7, 8].

Having in its composition triads of inertial sensors (micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers), as well as a barometric altimeter and a triaxial magnetometer and combining the data of these sensors with the data of the GPS receiver, the system produces a complete navigation solution for the coordinates and orientation angles.

A typical structural diagram of an autopilot includes: a magnetic compass, a barometric speed sensor, a barometric altitude sensor, an ultrasonic altitude sensor (for take-off landings), a satellite navigation system, a gyro-vertical, a horizontal piezo sensor, actuators and radar devices that track the air situation along the route.

To ensure the tasks, as well as determine the coordinates of the studied areas of the terrain, the multicopter ACS should include: Viewer information devices, Satellite navigation system, Viewer and telemetry information radio line devices, Command and navigation radio line devices with antenna-feeder device, Command exchange device information, Information exchange device, On-board digital computer (BTsVM), Type information storage device. To ensure communication over long distances and to increase noise immunity due to spatial selection, UAV control systems use highly directional antenna systems (AS) on both launchers and UAVs. The control system of a highly directional AS includes: A strictly directional AS, the radio technical parameters of which are selected based on the requirements to ensure the necessary communication range along the radio line, A servo drive providing spatial orientation of the AU’s direction in the direction of the expected occurrence of radiation from the communication object, Automatic direction tracking system (ASN ), providing stable auto-tracking of the communication object in the zone of confident capture of the direction-finding characteristic of the ASN, Radio a removable device that provides the formation of a “Communication” signal, which indicates the reception of information with a given quality, an antenna control system that provides an analysis of the current state of the AS control system, the formation of servo control signals to ensure the spatial orientation of the speakers in accordance with the flight mission and spatial scanning algorithm. Thus, the most important component of an unmanned aircraft complex is the control and communication system.

Currently, drones perform scientific tasks or are used for reconnaissance purposes. They do not carry a payload other than control and monitoring equipment.

The invention is known (http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/258/2581971.html © FindPatent.ru - Patent Search, 2012-2016), which relates to the field of aeronautics. The aeronautical apparatus includes an octagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control systems. In the center of the octagonal truss there is a pneumatic polymer pipe consisting of hermetically insulated sections reinforced with polymer hoops and fastened together by lock joints, supported in an upright position by means of automatic tensioning devices. When filled with light gas, the polymer pipe creates a lifting force that compensates for the weight of the load suspended from the farm. The invention is aimed at creating an aircraft that is well oriented in space; taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this invention can be called the following:

The “soft” shell of the sections of the polymer pipe and the large frontal resistance to the wind reduce the capabilities of the aeronautical apparatus for vertical maneuver.

The device in accordance with physical principles should have a shape close to the shape of an ellipsoid (disk-shaped or cigar-shaped), moreover, the cigar-shaped form is suitable mainly for a device with a very high carrying capacity, and disk-shaped - for a device with high maneuverability. The conditions of the Far North of Russia, when the summer lasts 1.5-2 months, require fast delivery of cargo, therefore, the aeronautical apparatus must have a large carrying capacity and high speed.

The aim of the invention is the creation of an aeronautical device with high maneuverability, resistance to lateral wind pressure and capable of carrying significant payload at high speed.

A hybrid aeronautical apparatus design is proposed.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the aeronautical apparatus in a section, in FIG. 2 - the same apparatus with a front view (face) with a section, in FIG. 3 is a top view in a perspective view.

The aeronautical apparatus consists of:

1 - a solar panel, 2 - a nacelle, 3 - a fuel tank, 4 - a truss with a console 5, 6 - an electric motor with a variable thrust vector, 7 - a gas cushion, 8 - a chassis with grips 9 and a pneumatic shock absorber 10, 11 - cargo, 12 - a pneumatic jack, 13 - a bellows of a gas chamber of variable pressure, 14 - a gas chamber of constant volume, 16 - a gas cylinder of high pressure, 17 - stabilization devices, 18 - a mono-wing, 19 optics, 20 - a turboprop engine.

It is assumed that the multicopter will be used mainly when lifting and landing the aircraft, when flying in autopilot mode, two marching turboprop engines are turned on and bring the flight speed to the maximum possible level, while some electric motors should be used to stabilize the cargo in space, while others may be used as windmills for energy storage.

The basis is a multicopter with four electric motors with a variable thrust vector. The case of the solar battery is made in the form of an ellipsoid and is filled with gas; it can turn towards the sun.

Helium was used as the working gas. Cases of all devices are made of ultra-light and durable Kevlar. The elastic sections of the gas chambers are made of high-strength rubber or elastomers, i.e. natural or synthetic rubbers. Rubber has the ability to stretch reversibly up to 900%.

The weight of the payload is significantly compensated by the lifting force of the helium tanks: gas cushion, gas chambers and the body of the solar battery filled with gas, as well as the dynamic lifting force of the single wing.

The aeronautical maneuverability is improved by changing the volume of the gas chambers by compressing them with pneumatic dampers and, of course, by the thrust of electric motors and turbo engines, as well as the stabilization system of the apparatus, consisting of rudders, ailerons and flaps, which are largely free from lifting loads.

Resistance to lateral wind pressure is increased by improving the aerodynamic shape of the apparatus, the rigid body of the nacelles and reducing the height of the gas chambers.

An air cushion located under the multicopter support frame, during a “hard landing”, can serve as a shock-absorbing element and protect expensive automatic control equipment from breakage.

To increase the safety of expensive and flowing helium, all the bodies of gas tanks inside are covered with an elastic film deposited by spraying.

The main difference between the aeronautical apparatus, which includes a multicopter with four electric motors and two turbo engines, a truss, gas chambers, a solar panel, a monitoring system, orientation, communication and automatic control, is that the device is made in a rigid aerodynamic case of ellipsoid shape and consists of carrier farm with consoles, at the ends of which four electric motors with a variable thrust vector are suspended, on the farm are two gondolas consisting of rigid bodies and gas chambers with constant and variable volume, there is a gas cushion under the carrier truss, and in the front of the carrier truss there is a mono-wing, below which two turboprop engines are suspended, in the rear of the carrier truss there are stabilization devices consisting of rudders, ailerons and flaps connected by an automated control systems with elements for changing the volume of gas chambers, which increases the stability and controllability of the apparatus as a whole.

Another difference of the aeronautical apparatus, which includes two nacelles with gas chambers of constant and variable volume, is that the bodies of gas chambers of variable volume are bellows made of hard metal or polymer, which are able to compress and stretch under the influence of pneumatic jacks.

With a fair wind, not all propulsors can be involved and some propulsors can work like windmills - in the mode of an energy generator. In the same mode, they can be used with the ground quadcopter during loading and unloading. In this case, the mover automatically turns towards the wind. This drone should have a video surveillance system, a radar, a Glonass orientation and tracking system, a communication system, an automatic control system, and a lightning rod system. The solar panel is guided along the sun by servos. The software application allows you to view the route traveled by GPS coordinates and adjust the further operation of the aeronautical apparatus. The multicopter and the operation of all devices are controlled by the ACS unit, as well as the operator from a smartphone or tablet (a special electronic control device is not excluded).

The volumes of the gas chambers are not limited either in height or in diameter, their number is also not limited, which means that the transported cargo can be significant. Most of the elements of the proposed device are made of light carbon fiber, such as ABS plastic or KLEVLAR fiber, which are stronger than steel, but lighter than it.

On the basis of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix, composite carbon-graphite materials are created that can withstand temperatures up to 3000 degrees in inert or reducing environments for a long time. CFRPs are very lightweight and at the same time durable materials [9]. For example, a polymer of this class, called “Hypol”, has the following parameters: operating temperature up to 2000 degrees, chemical inertness to oxidizing media, does not burn, is 1.5 times lighter than aluminum and is very durable [10]. Of interest is the latest development of Russian scientists - the graphite polymer, which has special and exotic properties [11]. For this development, Russian scientists received the Nobel Prize in 2010. Carbon-graphite tubes can achieve strength 50 times the strength of steel.

Carbon thin films deposited by spraying the walls of the casings of the gas chambers from the inside protect against gas leakage.

When landing the apparatus, all means of maneuvering the aeronautical apparatus are used: rotation of the propulsors and change in the thrust vector, change in the volume of the carrier gas chambers. During an emergency landing, gas from the carrier gas chambers is released into the atmosphere, and the gas cushion serves as a shock-absorbing element.

The proposed drone does not need airfields like an airplane, it doesn’t need refueling bases like a helicopter, it doesn’t need roads like wagons. It is difficult to come up with equipment failure, as a result of which the goods might not be delivered as intended.

The aeronautical apparatus is designed to transport large loads in places where there are no roads, landing sites, with poor visibility, where traditional modes of transport are difficult or impossible: in taiga, tundra and the Far North. The aeronautical apparatus can be used both in the steppes of Kazakhstan and in the deserts of Central Asia and Mongolia.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. State-of-the-art gas purification systems, www.coolreferat.com.

2. RF patent 2420425.

3 - bp-la.ru/primenenie-bespilotnyx-letatelnyx-apparatov/

4. A. Karimov, V. Ilyin. "Military Review", # 46 (268), 2013.

5.24gadget.ru/tags/dron.

6. N.S. Senyushkin. Features classification aircraft UAV type. "Young scientist", - 2010, - No. 11, - p. 65-68.

7. A. Poskutnikov. UAV automatic control systems. "Young scientist", - 2011, - No. 9, - p. 56-58.

8. V. Slosar. Radio links with UAVs: Implementation examples. Electronics: science, technology, business. - 2010, - No. 5 - p. 56050.

9. Konkin A.A. Carbon and other heat-resistant fibrous materials. M .: High School, 2004.

10. http: highpol.com.

11. http: newchemistry.ru

Claims (2)

1. An aeronautical apparatus, including a multicopter with four electric motors and two turbo engines, a supporting truss, gas chambers, a solar panel, monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control systems, characterized in that it is made in a rigid aerodynamic housing of ellipsoid shape and consists of a carrier trusses with consoles, at the ends of which four electric motors with a variable thrust vector are suspended, on the said truss there are two gondolas consisting of rigid bodies and gas chambers with a post varying volume, under the mentioned farm there is a gas cushion, and in the front of the said farm there is a mono-wing, from the bottom of which two turboprop engines are suspended, at the rear of the said farm are stabilization devices consisting of rudders, ailerons and flaps connected by an automated control system with elements of changing the volume of gas chambers, which increases the stability and controllability of the apparatus as a whole. 2. The aeronautical apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the gas chambers of variable volume are bellows made of hard metal or polymer, which are able to compress and stretch under the influence of pneumatic jacks.

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