RU2581971C1 - Aeronautic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to flight vehicles. Aeronautic apparatus comprises octagonal truss with electric propulsors at ends, observation, orientation, communication and automatic control systems. In centre of octagonal truss there is pneumatic polymer pipe consisting of tightly insulated sections, reinforced by polymer rings and interconnected with locking compounds supported in vertical position with help of automatic tensioning devices. When filling with light gas polymer pipe creates lifting force exceeding compensating load weight suspended to truss.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at development of aircraft, good orienting in space.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of aeronautical vehicles, in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Known aeronautical apparatus (airship) containing a farm, a cigar-shaped shell filled with gas lighter than air, a stabilizer, fastening elements of the shell to the farm, propellers in the form of propellers, a cabin for the crew and cargo [2].

The invention is also known [3], in which the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the aeronautical apparatus containing the truss, a cigar-shaped shell filled with gas lighter than air, a stabilizer, fastening elements of the shell to the truss, propellers in the form of propellers, a crew cabin and cargo, mooring devices. The aeronautical apparatus consists of three horizontally located shells (the central one has a stabilizer) connected from below by a common truss, and O-shaped parts with movers installed in them on transverse rotary axes are located and attached to the truss between the shells.

For the basic version of the flying device, you can take any of the drones (UAVs), quadrocopters or drones, supplementing it with elements of novelty. There are many designs of drones in Russia and in the world, both military and civilian [3, 4, 5]. Mini UAVs are rapidly gaining popularity in the civilian sphere, where large airport-based UAVs have traditionally been unavailable both financially and legally. Abroad, mini-UAVs are used to protect farmland, cartography, remote chemical and physical analysis, control germination and ripeness of crops, and chemical processing. An example of this is the Japanese Yamaha RMAX farmer UAV helicopters. In Russia, this practice is only just beginning to be implemented by individual organizations [6].

In 2012, Parrot conquered the market with the successful and fairly affordable quadcopter AR.Drone, and recently introduced a new model called Bebop Drone (AR.Drone 3.0). It is also intended for amateur piloting and aerial photography. The device is already equipped with an HD camera with an advanced stabilization system and a 180-degree lens. There is also a built-in GPS module. Management can be carried out from a smartphone or tablet via WiFi. In addition, an optional remote control with convenient controls and a long-range antenna is available as an option. The Oculus Rift virtual reality headset also has native support. The disadvantage is the weak 1200 mAh battery. It is enough for only 12 minutes of flight. To increase the carrying capacity of the quadrocopter, most of its elements are made of light carbon fiber, and the wing is filled with helium. It is advisable that the quadrocopter soared for a long time in the air without turning on the propulsors.

The basis of any automatic control is a simple sequence: measuring, comparing and counteracting the disturbing effect. As a rule, in a modern professional airborne navigation and control system, the function of measuring the state of the system is performed by a small-sized inertial integrated system (MINS) [7, 8].

Having in its composition triads of inertial sensors (micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers), as well as a barometric altimeter and a triaxial magnetometer and combining the data of these sensors with the data of the GPS receiver, the system produces a complete navigation solution for the coordinates and orientation angles.

A typical autopilot block diagram includes: a magnetic compass, a barometric speed sensor, a barometric altitude sensor, an ultrasonic altitude sensor (for take-off landings), a satellite navigation system, a gyro-vertical, a horizon donor, and actuators

To ensure the tasks, as well as determine the coordinates of the studied areas of the terrain, the quadcopter ACS should include: Devices for obtaining specific information, Satellite navigation system, Devices for radio lines for specific and telemetric information, Devices for command and navigation radio lines with antenna-feeder device, Command exchange device information, Information exchange device, On-board digital computer (BTsVM), Type information storage device. To ensure communication over long distances and to increase noise immunity due to spatial selection, UAV control systems use highly directional antenna systems (AS) on both launchers and UAVs. The control system of a highly directional AS includes: A strictly directional AS, the radio technical parameters of which are selected based on the requirements to ensure the necessary communication range along the radio line, A servo drive providing spatial orientation of the AU’s direction in the direction of the expected occurrence of radiation from the communication object, Automatic direction tracking system (ASN ), providing stable auto-tracking of the communication object in the zone of confident capture of the direction-finding characteristic of the ASN, Radio a removable device that provides the formation of a “Communication” signal, which indicates the reception of information with a given quality, an antenna control system that provides an analysis of the current state of the AS control system, the formation of servo control signals to ensure the spatial orientation of the speakers in accordance with the flight mission and spatial scanning algorithm. Thus, the most important component of an unmanned aircraft complex is the control and communication system.

Currently, drones perform scientific tasks or are used for reconnaissance purposes. Payload, except for control and monitoring equipment, they do not carry.

The aim of the invention is the creation of an aeronautical apparatus that can navigate well in space, observe the situation along the route of movement and carry a significant payload.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the aeronautical apparatus with a cut,

in FIG. 2 - the same apparatus with a top view.

The aeronautical apparatus consists of:

1 - solar panel, 2 - pneumatic tube cover, 3 - pneumatic tube section, 4 - cable, 5 - electric motor with variable thrust vector, 6 - pneumatic cylinder with compressor, 7 - load, 8 - automatic control system (ACS), 9 - automatic tensioning device, 10 - a carrier frame of an octaopter, 11 - backup sections of a pneumotube, 12 - electric power accumulators.

The octopopter with eight electric motors with a variable thrust vector was adopted as the basis.

The aeronautical apparatus includes an octagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control systems. The main difference is that in the center of the octagonal truss there is a pneumatic polymer pipe, consisting of hermetically insulated sections reinforced with polymer hoops and fastened together by lock joints, supported in an upright position by means of automatic tensioning devices, when filled with light gas, the polymer pipe creates a lifting force compensating for the weight of the load suspended from the farm.

The pneumatic pipe is closed by a cover under which the batteries are located.

Another difference is that the working gas is not vented into the atmosphere when the apparatus is planted, but is pumped by the compressor into high-pressure cylinders, and the cylinders with the compressor are located on the octagonal truss of the apparatus. Circulation of gas in a circular system allows the device to work for a long time without gas refueling. Above the lid is a solar panel that can rotate after the sun. Helium gas is used as a filler in a pneumatic pipe. Since the lifting force of the gas of the pneumatic pipe must compensate for the weight of the payload suspended from the octopopter supporting frame, the power of the propulsors is mainly used to move the aeronautical apparatus and may not be so significant. With a fair wind, not all propulsors can be involved and some propulsors can work like windmills, in the mode of an energy generator. In the same mode, they can be used in the ground position of the octocopter, during loading and unloading operations. In this case, the mover automatically turns towards the wind.

This drone should have a video surveillance system, a radar, a Glanas orientation and tracking system, a communication system, an automatic control system, and a lightning rod system. The solar panel is guided along the sun by servos.

The software application allows you to view the route traveled by GPS coordinates and adjust the further operation of the aeronautical apparatus. The octocopter and the operation of all devices are controlled by the ACS unit, as well as the operator from a smartphone or tablet (a special electronic control device is not excluded).

The volume of the gas pipe is not limited either in height or in diameter, which means that the transported cargo can be significant. The sections of the pneumatic pipe are reinforced with polymer hoops and are joined using lock devices. Gas-filled sections should balance the suspended load. If the tightness of one of the sections is violated, then the reserve section from the compressed gas cylinder is filled with gas.

Most of the elements of the proposed device are made of light carbon fiber, such as ABS plastic or KLEVLAR fiber, which are stronger than steel, but lighter than it.

On the basis of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix, composite carbon-graphite materials are created that can withstand temperatures up to 3000 degrees in inert or reducing environments for a long time. CFRPs are very lightweight and at the same time durable materials [9]. For example, a polymer of this class, called “Hypol”, has the following parameters: operating temperature up to 2000 degrees, chemical inertness to oxidizing media, does not burn, is 1.5 times lighter than aluminum and is very durable [10]. Of interest is the latest development of Russian scientists - the graphite polymer, which has special and exotic properties [11]. For this development, Russian scientists received the Nobel Prize in 2010.

Carbon-graphite tubes can achieve strength 50 times the strength of steel.

Carbon thin films obtained from these polymers can be used as walls of a pneumatic pipe.

When landing, propulsion devices are used. If this is not enough, then gas from some sections of the pneumatic pipe is pumped by the compressor into compressed gas cylinders. During an emergency landing, gas from the pneumatic sections is released into the atmosphere. The proposed drone does not need airfields like an airplane, it does not need refueling bases like a helicopter, and roads like wagons are not needed. It is difficult to come up with equipment failure, as a result of which the goods might not be delivered as intended.

The aeronautical apparatus is designed to transport large loads in places where there are no roads, landing sites, with poor visibility, where traditional modes of transport are difficult or impossible: in taiga, tundra and the Far North. The aeronautical apparatus can also be used in the steppes of Kazakhstan and the desert of Central Asia and Mongolia.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Modern systems for cleaning gas emissions. www.coolreferat.com.

2. RF patent 2420425.

3.bp-la.ru/primenenie-bespilotnyx-letatelnyx-apparatov/.

4. A. Karimov, V. Ilyin. "Military Review", # 46 (268), 2013.

5.24gadget.ru/tags/dron.

6. N.S. Senyushkin. Features classification aircraft UAV type. "Young scientist", - 2010, - No. 11, - p. 65-68.

7. A. Poskutnikov. UAV automatic control systems. "Young scientist", - 2011, - No. 9, - p. 56-58.

8. V. Slosar. Radio links with UAVs: Implementation examples. Electronics: science, technology, business. - 2010, - No. 5. - from. 56050.

9. Konkin A.A. Carbon and other heat-resistant fibrous materials. M .: Higher school, 2004.

10. http: http://highpol.com.

11. http: newchemistry.ru.

Claims (2)

1. An aeronautical apparatus, comprising an octagonal truss with electric motors at the ends, a monitoring, orientation, communication and automatic control system, characterized in that in the center of the octagonal truss there is a pneumatic polymer pipe, consisting of hermetically insulated sections reinforced with polymer hoops and fastened together by locks joints supported in an upright position by means of automatic tensioning devices, when filled with light gas, the polymer pipe creates a lift new force, compensating for the weight of the load suspended from the farm. 2. The aeronautical apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the working gas is not vented into the atmosphere when the apparatus is planted, but is pumped by the compressor into high-pressure cylinders, and the cylinders with the compressor are located on the octagonal truss of the apparatus.

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