RU2651736C1 - Military fortification for arctic areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military affairs, and more particularly to military fortifications of industrial production, used in the adverse natural and climatic conditions of the Extreme North and the Arctic. Military fortification for the arctic areas comprises working rooms, separated by soundproofing partitions, two tambours and an entrance. It is a demountable structure made of light unified building floor panels, walls and ceilings made of high-strength multi-layer composite facing plates fixed on a wooden antiseptic treated frame, in which the free apertures are filled with a heater made of foamed polyethylene with a non-crosslinked molecular structure, interconnected by metal nagels with steel slats and sealing gaskets into the bulk blocks of residential and technical rooms with entrances equipped with protective-hermetic doors. Blocks are additionally covered from the inside by a heater layer of with a vapour barrier film and plywood sheets with protective decorative painting, and also fixed on a strong tape base of a wooden beam impregnated with bituminous mastic, in which scavenge-air windows with air ducts of controlled natural ventilation are provided.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at increasing the comfort level for life, work and rest of personnel performing short-term combat missions in isolation from the places of permanent deployment of the main military formations in a short time.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military affairs, and more specifically to industrial-made military fortifications used in adverse climatic conditions of the Far North and the Arctic, at low outdoor temperatures and high speed of icy wind, in order to increase the level of comfort for life in a short time , work and rest of personnel performing combat missions in isolation from the places of constant deployment of the main military formations.

Known "Protective frame-fabric construction" - analogue (Patent of the Russian Federation for the invention of the FSBI "Central Research Institute of Information Technology" of the Ministry of Defense of Russia No. 2597013 dated 06/26/2016, IPC E04H 9/00, published November 10, 2015, Bull. No. 25), consisting of the skeleton of the main room and the entrance devices of an annular arched structure with end diaphragms and built-in protective and hermetic doors made of composite material, joined into a single structure by means of a shell made of polyamide fabric, and a concrete screen is erected above the skeleton based on metal nets or multilayer fibrous fabric filled with cement-sand composition of quick hardening after it is soaked in water.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the application and construction of such a design in conditions of low outside air temperature and high ice wind speeds, poor heat-shielding properties that make it difficult to achieve indoor temperature and humidity parameters of the microclimate for life, work and rest of personnel performing combat missions in Arctic climatic conditions.

Also known is the “KVS-A Corrugated Steel Structure”, a prototype (Manual “Military Fortifications”, Military Publishing House, 1984, p. 203-209), consisting of two working rooms separated by soundproof partitions, two vestibules and an entrance, This skeleton is made of an annular outline of the individual elements of corrugated steel, interconnected by bolts, and along the length of the structure overlapping one wave.

The disadvantages of this device are low performance, mainly due to its annular design, which makes it difficult to use it on the surface of permanently frozen soil covered with a thick layer of ice, and when exposed to strong wind loads, there is almost no heat-shielding properties, as well as the considerable complexity of erecting -for a large number of elements of the kit.

The objectives of the proposed technical device are to improve operational and transport characteristics, reduce construction time, provide a short time to increase the level of comfort, with minimal energy costs, for life, work and rest of personnel performing combat missions in the Arctic zone, reducing visibility from airborne assets enemy space intelligence.

The solution of the tasks is achieved by the fact that the proposed military fortification is made of a collapsible structure of light unified building panels of the floor, walls and floors, made of high-strength multilayer composite cladding plates mounted on a wooden, treated with antiseptic frame, in which openings are filled with insulation from foamed polyethylene with a non-crosslinked molecular structure, interconnected by metal pins with steel strips and sealing gaskets directly at the place of erection into volumetric blocks of residential and technical premises with entrances equipped with protective and hermetic doors, while to improve comfort, the blocks are additionally covered from the inside with a layer of insulation with vapor barrier film and plywood sheets with protective decorative color, and also mounted on a durable tape the base of a wooden beam impregnated with bitumen mastic, in which purge windows with air ducts of a controlled natural ventilation are provided ui.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in FIG. 1 - shows a diagram of a general view of a military fortification structure built in the Arctic conditions from two modules of the same type; in FIG. 2 - shows a variant of the construction plan with entrances, residential and technical premises; in FIG. 3 - shows an embodiment of a collapsible support base of a structure with controlled natural ventilation; in FIG. 4 and 5 show cross-section and longitudinal sections, respectively, of a structure erected on the surface of frozen ground or ice; in FIG. 6 - shows the main options for nodal connections of unified panels to each other in blocks during the construction of the structure; in FIG. 7 - shows a variant of a transverse section of the skeleton of one module of a military fortification structure, erected under ordinary conditions, in a foundation pit with soil debris.

The claimed military fortification for the Arctic regions (Fig. 1-7), consisting of workrooms separated by soundproof partitions, two vestibules and an entrance, is distinguished by the fact that it is made of a collapsible structure from light unified building panels of floor 1, walls 2 and floors 3, made of high-strength multilayer composite cladding plates 4, mounted on a wooden, antiseptic-treated frame 5, in which the free openings are filled with foam insulation 6 with a non-crosslinked molecular structure, interconnected by metal pins 7 with steel strips 8 and sealing gaskets 9 into volumetric blocks of residential 10 and technical 11 rooms with entrances equipped with protective and hermetic doors 12, while to increase comfort, the blocks are additionally covered with a layer inside insulation 13 with vapor-insulating film 14 and plywood sheets 15 with protective decorative coloring, and also mounted on a strong tape base made of wooden timber 16, impregnated with bitumen mastic, in which provides purge windows 17 with ducts 18 controlled natural ventilation.

The proposed structure (Fig. 1-7) can be used at low outdoor temperatures and strong icy winds to ensure the performance of combat missions in comfortable living conditions, work and rest of the personnel of the Arctic forces during the organization of territorial protection and defense of important lines, as well as the arrangement remote border areas. As a rule, on the outside, erected, as a rule, on the surface, without being buried in permafrost soil or ice, the living room of the structure on the outside is covered with an additional flexible insulation 19 made of foamed polyethylene 100-150 mm thick with a moisture-proof vapor barrier reinforced film 20. To increase the protective properties of the structure around it a protective wall 21 of gabions GNT-1, GNT-2 (Fig. 4, 5) filled with soil or compacted snow with impregnation with water can be arranged. To hide from the enemy’s aerospace-based reconnaissance assets, the building most of the year can be completely bunded with a thick layer of snow with ice 22 under the background of the surrounding area, in the form of a snow hill. Prevention of snowmelt during short, usually cold summers can be achieved by installing a temporary artificial reflective coating. However, the main disadvantage of arctic residential complexes is the thawing of frozen soil or ice beneath them and the failure to collapse into the hollows of structures, despite the measures for their thermal insulation. In this regard, the proposed military fortification is installed on a special collapsible base (Fig. 3) to regulate the temperature in it due to natural blowing with outside air. As the base material of the structure, a wooden beam 16 impregnated with an antiseptic and bituminous mastic according to the type of wooden railway sleepers can be used, in which purge windows 17 with air ducts 18 (Figs. 1, 3) are provided, which are closed, if necessary, by shutters.

To create the conveniences of the vital functions of the personnel inside the structure, the main 23 and 24 spare entrance entrance pits (Fig. 1, 2) with protective and hermetic door blocks 12 and adjacent unheated technical rooms (Fig. 2, 5) are provided. In addition, next to residential blocks 10 with a favorable temperature and humidity conditions, blocks 11 for technical purposes are placed behind the insulated partitions, with less comfortable conditions that allow temperature drops from +10 to -10 degrees and below, which are used for household needs, cooking and heating food, as well as the storage of food, property, equipment and materials. Indoor equipment is installed in the living quarters: folding tables 25, chairs 26 and bunk beds 27 (Fig. 5), and a multi-fuel heating stove 28 is used for heating with a chimney outlet to pre-installed exhaust windows. At the same time, the placement of the chimney in the structure is carried out in such a way that it passes through separate technical rooms and its outlet temperature is minimal. Fresh air inflow is provided from the internal volume of technical blocks by the device of separate ventilation windows using a personnel filtering installation. To provide the building with the electric power necessary to illuminate the internal volume, prepare or heat food, the operation of electronic equipment and other consumers, a benzoelectric generator 29 (Fig. 5) and 12 V car batteries are used as emergency power supply.

The military fortification structure for the Arctic regions can be used in a simplified version also in ordinary climatic conditions, including in areas of natural disasters and technological disasters, both on the surface of the earth without debris, and with bunded soil or in foundation pits with a soil sprinkling thickness 40-60 cm (Fig. 7). At the same time, measures for additional external and internal warming of residential blocks are not carried out, and two full-fledged simplified structures are being constructed from one Arctic kit.

A simple construction of a fortification structure is proposed, which provides high comfortable conditions for the life of combat units in the field, and also takes into account the peculiarity of the contract structure of the army, which has a significant advantage compared to the complex and expensive structures of such shelters developed in the last century, with the calculation mainly to protect against the effects of a shock wave of a nuclear explosion and neutron damaging factors. In addition, such a structure can be used to equip positions occupied by irregular units that perform the tasks of territorial defense of the region.

In the transport position, the structure is folded in separate parts into compact packages. Unified floor, wall and floor panels are stacked in separate stacking blocks, and flexible insulation is rolled up. The transportation of individual elements of the construction kit is carried out manually by a calculation of 4-6 people. At the same time, transportation of the construction kit is carried out by any type of transport, at any distance without restrictions. Loading and unloading and installation work can be performed both manually and with the use of various lifting means.

The proposed construction of the facility provides the convenience of its use to create comfortable living, working and relaxing conditions for personnel in the difficult climatic conditions of the Far North and the Arctic. At the same time, the advantage of such a structure is: simplicity and transportability of the structure; the ability to deliver it to hard-to-reach areas; ease of assembly of various space-planning solutions at the site of the construction of the facility with high heat-shielding properties and without the use of lifting means; the possibility of construction in permafrost conditions, in a short time, without large financial and material costs, as well as disassembly for reuse in a new area.

To assemble the proposed device, first select and prepare a flat area on which the breakdown and designation of the contours of the structure is carried out in accordance with its plan (Fig. 2). On a leveled platform, a support base is installed from a special wooden beam 16 (Fig. 3) with purge windows 17. In this case, the main direction of the winds operating in this region is taken into account for the correct placement of inlet (outlet) purge windows 17 that provide effective ventilation of the base. To assemble the building blocks, first, on the support base 16, they are installed and attached to it with metal pins 7 with steel straps 8 of the floor panel (Fig. 6). Then, using airtight gaskets 9, wall external and internal panels 2 are installed (Figs. 4, 5), which are also fastened together with pins 7 with steel gaskets 8. Wall panels 2 are installed with door blocks 12 provided in advance for them. After that, similar Thus, they install and fix the floor panels 3, the joints between which are closed with a waterproof film material. After the construction of the structure (Fig. 4, 5), an outer layer of insulation 19 from rolls of foamed polyethylene with a waterproof reinforced film 20 is fixed on top of it. Inside the erected structure, already in favorable conditions, additional insulation is carried out only in residential premises 10 by laying an insulation 13 with vapor barrier film 14 , securing them with decorative plywood sheets 15. Subsequently, if necessary, a protective wall 21 of gabions can be arranged around the structure, and air ducts 18 with slonkami to regulate natural ventilation supporting base. After that, tables 25, chairs 26 and bunk beds 27 are installed in the building, lighting is carried out, a place for a multi-fuel furnace 28 and a filter-ventilation unit are equipped. In addition, equipment, materials, property and food supplies are placed in technical rooms, and a separate place is prepared for the operation of a gasoline-powered electric generator 29. Such a structure is designed to be completely covered with a thick layer of snow during heavy snowfalls, while leaving it can be carried out in any direction.

The dismantling of the structure for its transportation and subsequent installation at a new place is carried out in the reverse order.

The readiness of the proposed technical device for pilot testing is confirmed by the availability of drawings of the military fortification for the Arctic regions, designs of samples of unified panels, the assembly of volumetric blocks from them, the features of the device nodal connections, as well as ready-made auxiliary purchased products and materials of domestic production.

Theoretical studies and calculations show that the proposed military fortification for the Arctic regions according to the main criterion for assessing "application efficiency - cost and feasibility" has indicators about 2 times higher than the known technical solutions.

Claims (1)

A military fortification structure for the Arctic regions, consisting of workrooms separated by soundproof partitions, two vestibules and an entrance, characterized in that it is made of a collapsible structure from light unified building floor, wall and ceiling panels made of high-strength multilayer composite cladding plates, mounted on a wooden antiseptic-treated frame in which free openings are filled with a foam polyethylene insulation with an uncrosslinked molecule structure, interconnected by metal dowels with steel strips and sealing gaskets into volumetric blocks of residential and technical rooms with entrances equipped with protective and hermetic doors, while the blocks are additionally coated from the inside with a layer of insulation with vapor-insulating film and plywood sheets with protective decorative coloring, and also fixed on a solid tape base of a wooden beam impregnated with bitumen mastic, in which purge windows with air ducts are provided oh natural ventilation.

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