RU2526076C1 - Field collapsible fortification structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: field collapsible fortification structure comprises walls and a cover from panels and is filled with soil. The structure is made as collapsible from identical flat wall panels and identical bent cover panels, all panels are fixed to each other in a butt joint, at the same time all panels along their periphery have evenly arranged embedded parts with threaded holes, where bolts are screwed in via connection elements of the panels, the top of the entire structure under soil fill is covered with a strong hydraulic insulating coating, and for entrances into the structure and partitions there are wall panels used with built-in door openings.

EFFECT: development of a collapsible structure produced on an industrial level, which is made of a limited set of identical compact moved and quickly manually assembled elements.

8 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to field fortifications, erected with engineering equipment of defensive positions and areas of concentration of troops.

The “Field construction” is known according to the copyright certificate SU 1331152 of 10.20.1997, IPC Е04Н 9/00 - [1], which contains the supporting frame of the structure, which is made of improvised building materials - logs in the form of a log house (from round wood), installed along the upper perimeter of the pit. In each even corner of the log house, logs have outlets with a length of at least 1/5 of the log span. In odd angles, logs are pinched by anchors. The entire structure with anchors is bunded with soil.

The design flaws [1] are associated with a large investment of time in the procurement of timber, the manufacture of elements and parts of the skeleton and their assembly.

Known "Light frame-fabric construction" pit type according to the patent for utility model RU 97420 from 09/10/2010, IPC E04H 9/00 - [2], containing the skeleton of the main room and the entrance with a protective and hermetic hatch, assembled from ring elements the frame and shell are made of reinforced film material, and the entrance with a protective and hermetic hatch is made at the end of the main room, and the ring frame elements are made with a telescopic lock and stopper for reliable fastening of the reinforced film shell by means of pockets from the inside and grommets installed along the edges of the longitudinal sides, while a packaging cover is attached to the end of the shell together with the protective and hermetic hatch, which forms the entrance vestibule in the deployed position. The design is manufactured in the factory, conveniently transported and quickly installed.

The disadvantage of the analogue [2] is the low strength of the fabric shell, which reduces the life of the structure.

It is known “Fortification construction from composite materials” according to the patent for utility model RU 43573 dated January 27, 2005, IPC E04H 9/00 - [3], it is a container shelter and contains a three-dimensional building made by automated winding technology in the form of a three-layer a fiberglass shell having a cross-sectional configuration close to rectangular with rounded corners and convex walls, or any body of revolution. The construction consists of a main building, a collapsible pre-embankment, an entrance with two vestibules, and a sanitary compartment. The main room for personnel can be shared or divided into two compartments and equipped with two-tier reclining shelves that allow resting “lying” upper and resting “lying” or “sitting” lower. The facility has autonomous means of lighting, ventilation and heating; it can be installed in wet and marshy areas without preliminary preparation and transported by any means, including dragging in snow, ice and grass vegetation.

The disadvantage of the analogue [3] is the complexity of storage and delivery due to the large volume of the structure, as well as the need for crane equipment during installation and dismantling, which leads to additional measures to reduce the visibility of the enemy from the location.

A known construction made of a polymer material according to the patent for invention RU 2394132 dated July 10, 2010, IPC EV04 / 32 - [4], containing a large set of ready-made elements of different types, which make it possible to assemble premises of various shapes and sizes for residential and public purposes.

Known "Collapsible shelter" according to the patent for utility model RU 39991 from 08.27.2004, IPC A01G 9/14, EV 1/32 - [5], containing a large set of ready-made different types of elements that allow you to assemble the design of the shelter intended for pavilions, warehouses, storages, greenhouses, livestock and other premises.

It is known "Collapsible building" (Options) "according to the patent for invention RU 2401365 from 10.10.2010, IPC Е04В 1/343 - [6], which consists of floor panels with an angled arrangement of fittings, vertical intermediate and angular load-bearing racks rigidly connected through fittings with floor panels and fixed between the racks of wall panels, and the fittings of the floor panels are made of sigmoid profiles, to the ends of which are welded scarves and washers with holes. The intermediate racks are made of a box-section profile with bent shelves, and the corner racks are made of an angled profile with bent shelves. The intermediate and corner posts are equipped with flanges at the ends with holes for threaded connections with the fittings of the floor panels, and the bent shelves of the profiles of the intermediate and corner posts are used for fastening to the panels of the wall panels.

The disadvantage of analogues [4], [5] and [6] is the difficulty of assembling a known structure due to the large number of heterogeneous structural elements of the structure. In addition, it is not known the use of such structures for use in the field of field fortification.

The prototype of the proposed technical solution is "Container-type fortification" according to the patent for utility model RU 61323 of 02.27.2007, IPC E04H 1/12, E04H 9/00 - [7]. The structure contains walls and a covering of panels located in the pit and sprinkled with soil. The skeleton of the structure is made of three types of solid frame-panel modules-containers with a flexible bottom of a cellular structure (factory-made), interconnected into one hermetic shelter by means of retractable wedge-shaped shoes and coupling bolts with sealing docking devices fixed along the contact line of the side walls. Inside the premises, quick-detachable plugs (panels) and protective-sealed doors, elements of internal equipment and life support systems with special docking connectors are provided. This design allows the installation of structures in a short time.

The disadvantage of the prototype [7], as well as the analogue [3], is the complexity of storage and delivery due to the large volume of the structure, as well as the availability of crane equipment or lifting equipment at the time of loading, unloading, during installation and dismantling, which complicates the masking of the construction process and its location in the defense system. In addition, the design of the prototype is difficult to manufacture.

The disadvantages of the prototype and analogues set the task of creating an industrially manufactured collapsible design of a field fortification structure, which consists of a limited set of the same type of compactly transported and quickly assembled by hand elements.

Thus, the technical result of the invention is the creation of industrially assembled collapsible structures, consisting of a limited set of the same compactly transported and quickly assembled by hand elements. The uniformity of the structural elements should allow them to be used to create different types of protective structures (dugouts, shelters, command posts and some others). After assembly in the foundation pit, the structure is covered with a durable waterproofing coating and sprinkled with a protective layer of soil to absorb shock and explosive loads from mines and shells.

The essence of the proposed technical solution consists in the fact that the field collapsible fortification structure, containing walls and a coating of panels and sprinkled with soil, is made of the same flat wall panels and the same type of bent coating panels, all panels are bonded together end-to-end, while all panels on their periphery have evenly spaced embedded parts with threaded holes into which bolts are screwed in through the connecting elements of the panels, a durable waterproofing coating, and for the entrances to the structure and for the partitions of the structure used wall panels with built-in openings with doors. As the connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels and the side joints of the coating panels, straight strips can be used, the angles of the wall panels are used with right angles, and the corners of the wall panels and the end joints of the coating panels are used with obtuse angles. The butt joint of the panels to each other can also be performed using connecting profiles with holes for bolts. As the connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels can be used direct symmetric "H" -shaped profiles. For corner joints of wall panels, connecting profiles with a right angle can be used; for joints of wall panels and end joints of coating panels, connecting profiles with an obtuse angle can be used; for the lateral joints of the coating panels can be used bent straight symmetric "H" -shaped profiles with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the coating panel. Flat wall panels can be used as panels to cover the entrances to the structure. The end gaps above the upper end of the flat wall panels (under the cover panels) can be filled with the same type of panels - inserts with a horizontal straight bottom face and a convex upper face with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the coating panel. All panels can be made of reinforced composite material. When expanding the space in the protective structure, the internal partitions can be made of composite (double) of flat wall panels on which the same type of curved cover panels are attached from different sides, and for the passage, composite double flat wall panels with openings in them with or without doors are used .

In addition, from patent sources, certain structural elements of the claimed technical solution are described below.

So, it is known “Butt joint of panels in prefabricated buildings” according to the patent for invention RU 2353736 dated 04/27/2009, IPC Е04В 1/61, Е04В 1/38 - [8], which includes embedded parts in the corners of wall panels and floor panels located in corner places, which is sufficient to ensure the overall strength of the building frame.

The disadvantage of this solution [8] is that the floor panels are connected to the wall panels only at corner points, which is clearly not enough to ensure the rigidity of the structure of the protective structure.

Known butt connection of fencing panels according to the patent for invention RU 2256753 dated July 20, 2005, IPC Е04В 1/61 - [9], including a lock assembly for butt connection of panels.

The disadvantage of this connection [9] is that they can only be fastened with hinged self-supporting panels in frame buildings.

A butt joint of wall panels according to the invention patent RU 2364687 dated 08.20.2009, IPC E04C 2/26, E04B 1/61 - [10], including metal profile parts with holes, threaded rods and nuts on both sides, is known.

The disadvantage of this docking node [10] is the complexity of its use in the assembly process.

Known "Connection profile" according to the patent for utility model RU 108065 from 09/10/2011, IPC E04F 13/21 - [11], which allows panels to be docked at right angles. Profile elements are made of fiberglass, the common wall occupies only a part of the end surface of one of the elements, and the edges of their ends are connected by a jumper forming a cavity that is filled with foamed insulating material. The disadvantage is that the profile made of fiberglass has insufficient strength.

The “Connection profile” is also known according to the patent for utility model RU 100154 dated 12/10/2010, IPC F16B 5/00, F16B 12/20, Е04В 1/38, B62D 25/00 - [12], made in the form of internal and external equal shelving corners connected by a partition and forming U-shaped cavities, on the surfaces of the shelves of the corners facing the inside of the U-shaped cavities, there are sections with a notch surface, on the surfaces of the shelves of the corners facing the outer surface of the profile, grooves are made with a groove.

The main disadvantage of profiles [11] and [12] is that their side flanges are different in length, which does not allow connecting the same type of panels (with the same uniform arrangement of embedded parts with threaded holes).

Known "Connecting accessories" according to the certificate for utility model RU 5005 from 09.16.1997, IPC F16B 12/18 - [13], intended for fixing parts of prefabricated furniture, mainly at right angles, consisting of an angular element made of sheet material and fastening parts, at the same time at least one stiffening rib is made on the corner element.

However, the use of such connecting fittings [13] for fastening the same type of panels of a field collapsible fortification structure is unknown.

Thus, the use of panels for building structures and connecting elements for these panels in their known design cannot be applied without improvement to fasten the same type of panels of a field collapsible fortification structure.

The introduction into the claims of the sign “the construction is made of collapsible of the same flat wall panels and the same type of bent coating panels” is necessary to conveniently and compactly store structural elements during storage, and especially for delivery by ground and air modes of transport, quickly manually assemble and disassemble into installation locations.

The sign of “homogeneous bent coating panels” is necessary to enhance the bearing capacity of the coating.

The sign “all panels are fastened together end-to-end” is necessary to ensure the universality of the panels (for their installation), as well as to perform manual assembly in an accelerated manner.

The sign “all panels on their periphery have evenly spaced embedded parts with threaded holes into which bolts are screwed through the connecting elements of the panels” is necessary to ensure that the structural elements are identical and interchangeable during installation, as well as to provide the required strength and stability when exposed to shock explosive load.

The sign “the top of the entire structure under the soil sprinkler is covered with a durable waterproofing coating” is necessary to prevent the penetration of surface water into the structure through the protective soil sprinkler.

The sign “for the entrances to the structure and for the partitions of the structure used wall panels with built-in openings with doors” is necessary to minimize the heterogeneity of structural elements.

The sign “straight bars are used as connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels and the side joints of the coating panels, the corners are used with the right angles, and the corners with the obtuse joints of the wall panels and the butt joints of the coating panels” are necessary to quickly and reliably fasten together the elements of walls and coatings.

The sign “the butt joint of the panels to each other is made using connecting profiles with bolt holes, and straight symmetrical“ H ”-shaped profiles are used as connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels, right angle joints of the wall panels are used, the joints of the wall panels and the butt joints of the coating panels used connecting profiles with an obtuse angle, and for the side joints of the coating panels bent straight symmetrical "H" -shaped “Ofili with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the coating panels” is necessary to increase the overall stability of the structure and ease of assembly of load-bearing elements.

The sign “flat wall panels were used as cover panels for the entrances to the structure” is necessary to replace smaller curved panels (the width and length of the entrance are the same as the size of the wall panel) in order to reduce the assortment of components of the structure.

The sign “end gaps above the upper end of flat wall panels, under bent cover panels are filled with the same type of panels with a horizontal straight bottom face and a convex upper face with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the coating panels" is necessary to ensure the closure of the supporting structure of the protective structure.

The signs “all panels are made of composite material” and “all panels are made of reinforced composite material” are necessary to ensure lightness and strength of the structure, as well as ease of storage and transportation.

The sign “the partitions of the structure are made of double composite of flat wall panels, on which the same type of curved cover panels are attached, and for the passage in the partitions used the composite double flat wall panels with built-in openings with or without doors” is necessary to apply the same type Elements for the construction of structures, various in purpose and volume.

The inventive device (design of field collapsible fortifications) is illustrated in Fig.1-12.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the structure during the assembly process.

Figure 2 is a flat wall panel.

Figure 3 - convex (bent) panel cover.

Figure 4 is a view of a embedded part with a threaded hole installed in the panel.

Figure 5 - location of the docking fasteners of the structure.

Figure 6 - connection of wall panels "H" -shaped profile.

In Fig.7 - section "H" - shaped profile.

On Fig - profile for the rectangular connection of wall panels.

Figure 9 is a sectional view of a profile for a rectangular connection.

Figure 10 - connection of wall panels with coating panels.

11 is a sectional view of the profile of the connection wall with the coating.

On Fig - an exemplary diagram (option) layout of the structure in the form of a dugout.

On Fig - an exemplary diagram (option) layout of the structure in the form of shelter for the company.

On Fig - an exemplary diagram (option) layout of the structure in the form of a medical center or command post control.

The skeleton of a field collapsible fortification building is located in the pit 1 with an adjacent trench 2 and is made of the same flat wall panels 3 and the same type of bent cover panels 4. The entrance vestibule is made up of the same wall panels 3 as the skeleton of the structure, and the partition 5 is made of 3 wall panels of the same type with integrated openings. A durable waterproofing coating 6, for example, a reinforced waterproofing film, is laid on the upper surface of the coating.

All panels are fastened together end-to-end, for which they have evenly spaced embedded parts (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) with threaded holes 7 into which bolts 8 (Fig. 6) are screwed through the connecting elements. The connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels and the side joints of the coating panels are straight strips 9, the angular joints of the wall panels 3 are corners with a right angle 10. For the joints of panels 3 with the coating panels, corners with an obtuse angle 11 are used.

As an option, the butt joint of panels 3 and 4 is proposed to be performed with profiles with bolt holes. Moreover, as the connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels, straight symmetric "H" -shaped profiles 12 (Fig. 6 and 7) are used, for the corner joints - profiles with a right angle 13 (Fig. 8 and 9), and for the joints of the wall panels with coated - profiles 14 with an obtuse angle (Fig.10 and 11). For the lateral joints of the coating panels are used bent symmetric "H" -shaped profiles 15.

To overlap the entrance vestibule 16 (Fig. 12), a typical flat wall panel 3 is used, the areal dimensions of which coincide with the entrance area.

The end gaps above the upper end of the flat wall panels 3 under the bent cover panels 4 are filled with panels of the same type 17 (Fig. 1) with a horizontal straight bottom face and a convex upper face with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the coating panels 4.

Considered the same type of wall 3 and ceiling panels 4 can be used both for erecting small-sized shelters such as dugouts 18 (shown schematically in FIG. 12), and for larger enlarged shelters such as company shelters 19 (shown schematically in FIG. 13) or another destination 20 (in Fig. 14) with emergency entrance 21. In these cases, the partitions are made of double composite of flat wall panels 3, on which the same type of curved cover panel 4 is attached from different sides, and for the passage in the partitions are used composite double e flat wall panels with built-in openings with or without doors.

All load-bearing elements of the structure (wall panels, cover panels, partitions) are made of composite or reinforced composite material.

The technology of construction of the inventive collapsible fortification is as follows:

- a fragment of the pit, the layout and marking of the bottom (manually or by earthmoving equipment);

- laying of the supporting frame of the base of the structure;

- manual assembly of wall elements and structures;

- installation of units for protection against chemical contamination of air;

- laying of waterproofing coating;

- backfilling of the pit sinuses (performed as the load-bearing structural elements are mounted);

- device protective ground cover over the structure;

- masking the location of the protective structure.

The proposed technical design solution is aimed at improving the safety of personnel, especially in modern conditions of conducting maneuverable military operations.

Thus, the implementation of a field collapsible fortification in combination with the features of the claims (the essence of the invention) is new for fortifications and, therefore, meets the criterion of "novelty."

The above set of distinctive features is not known at this level of development of technology and does not follow from the well-known rules for the construction of field collapsible fortifications and their auxiliary equipment, which proves compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

The constructive implementation of the proposed technical solution with the specified set of essential features does not represent any structural, technical and technological difficulties, which implies compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Literature

1. Copyright certificate SU 1331152 of 10.20.1997, IPC Е04Н 9/00 - “Field construction”.

2. Patent for utility model RU 97420 dated 09/10/2010, IPC E04H 9/00 - “Lightweight frame-fabric construction”.

3. Patent for utility model RU 43573 dated January 27, 2005, IPC E04H 9/00 “Fortification building made of composite materials”.

4. Patent for invention RU 2394132 dated 07/10/2010, IPC EV04 / 32 - a structure made of a polymer material.

5. Patent for utility model RU 39991 dated August 27, 2004, IPC A01G 9/14, Е04В 1/32 - “Collapsible shelter”.

6. Patent for invention RU 2401365 dated 10.10.2010, IPC Е04В 1/343 - "Collapsible construction (Options)".

7. Patent for utility model RU 61323 dated 02.27.2007, IPC E04H 1/12, E04H 9/00, “Container-type fortification structure” - prototype.

8. Patent for invention RU 2353736 dated 04/27/2009, IPC ЕВВ 1/61, Е04В 1/38 - “Butt joint of panels in prefabricated buildings”.

9. Patent for invention RU 2256753 dated July 20, 2005, IPC Е04В 1/61 - “Butt joint of fencing panels with elastic resilient closure and locking assembly of butt joint of panels”.

10. Patent for invention RU 2364687 dated 08/20/2009, IPC E04C 2/26, E04B 1/61 - “Wall panel and butt joint of wall panels”.

11. Patent for utility model RU 108065 dated 09/10/2011, IPC E04F 13/21 - “Connection profile”.

12. Utility Model Patent RU 100154 dated 12/10/2010, IPC F16B 5/00, F16B 12/20, EV 1/38, B62D 25/00 - “Connection profile”.

13. Certificate for utility model RU 5005 of September 16, 1997, IPC F16В 12/18 - “Connecting fittings”.

Claims (8)

1. Field collapsible fortification structure containing walls and a covering of panels and sprinkled with soil, characterized in that the structure is made of collapsible of the same type of flat wall panels and the same type of bent coating panels, all panels are joined together end-to-end, while all panels along their periphery they have evenly spaced embedded parts with threaded holes into which bolts are screwed in through the connecting elements of the panels, the top of the entire structure under a dirt sprinkler is covered with a durable hydroisol with an insulating coating, and for the entrances to the structure and for the partitions of the structure, wall panels with openings with doors built into them were used. 2. Field collapsible fortification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the straight elements are used as connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels and the side joints of the coating panels, the corners of the wall panels are used at right angles, and the joints of the wall panels and end joints of the coating panels used corners with an obtuse angle. 3. Field collapsible fortification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the butt connection of the panels to each other is made using connecting profiles with bolt holes, and straight symmetrical "H" -shaped profiles are used as connecting elements of the straight joints of the wall panels , the corner joints of the wall panels used connecting profiles with a right angle, the joints of the wall panels and the end joints of the coating panels used the connecting profiles with an obtuse angle, and for the side joints Curved cover panels used in direct symmetrical "H" -shaped profiles with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the cover panels. 4. Field collapsible fortification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that flat wall panels are used as cover panels for the entrances to the structure. 5. Field collapsible fortification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the end gaps above the upper end of the flat wall panels, under the bent cover panels are filled with the same type panels with a horizontal straight lower edge and a convex upper face with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of curvature of the panels coverings. 6. Field collapsible fortification according to claim 1, characterized in that all panels are made of composite material. 7. Field collapsible fortification according to claim 1, characterized in that all panels are made of reinforced composite material. 8. Field collapsible fortification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the partitions of the structure are made of double composite of flat wall panels, on which the same type of bent coating panels are attached from different sides, and for the passage in the partitions are used composite double flat wall panels with openings in them with or without doors.

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