RU2650342C1 - Flying boat (boat-airplane) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; aircraft engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water-based aircraft and concerns hulls of flying boats. Flying boat (boat-airplane) comprises a fuselage-boat, a wing of small elongation close in the plan to a triangular shape and having water displacing elements along the sides of the wing and ailerons on the trailing edge, tail fins, a power plant. Herewith the upper deck of the fuselage-boat is made as an aerodynamic bearing surface, which together with the right and the left wing consoles attached to the fuselage-boat forms the wing bearing surface. Under the upper deck in the front part of the fuselage-boat a cabin with transparency is made able to increase the view. Power plant is made of two propulsion engines with air propellers, one of the propellers is installed at the nose of the fuselage-boat, and the other one is installed above the upper deck behind the center of gravity closer to the tail part of the fuselage-boat along the boat-airplane line of symmetry. Angle of the wing installation between the chord of the wing and the flat surface of the boat bottom is from 8 to 18°.

EFFECT: better safety, increased transverse stability on water under the influence of the side wind and increased weathervane stability are achieved.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of - flying boats and for expanding the possibilities of operating a flying boat (boat-plane) on water as an ordinary boat or high-speed boat due to the use of a wing of small elongation with a small scale and moment of inertia, which makes it possible to energetically maneuver and move along narrow , winding rivers, channels and channels, go to planing mode, where possible. Upon reaching take-off speed, after taking off from the water, the boat becomes a full-fledged aircraft, moreover, more adapted and comfortable for flying in a turbulent surface layer than an aircraft with a direct wing.

State of the art

The famous "seaplane", patent SU 1839917 A1, publ. 06/20/2006, which has a wing, plumage and power plant, made in the form of a flying wing of direct sweep with an influx in the central part. A longitudinal redan is located on the lower surface of this wing, and a retractable transverse redan is installed in the region of the center of gravity, which reduces flooding during takeoff and landing. A wing can be formed by a supercritical profile along the axis of symmetry with a linear transition to a profile with positive concavity at the influx boundary.

However, the large scale and moment of inertia of the wing does not allow the seaplane to maneuver vigorously on the water at low and high speeds, to move like a boat along winding, narrow rivers, channels and ducts. In addition, for take-off and landing, he needs an equipped hydrodrome.

Known "air transformer", patent RU 2519307 C, publ. 06/10/2014, containing the fuselage with a streamlined surface lamp and a lower part in the form of a boat bottom, a three-wheeled retractable landing gear. Motor with a pushing propeller, upper wing with folding left and right wing consoles along the side surfaces of the fuselage, upper center wing, tail unit with two aerodynamic keels. The lower part of the fuselage is made in the form of the bottom of the boat and contains sides, passing in the middle part into two parallel hydrodynamic keels of the bottom of constant width with bases located in the same horizontal plane. The lower part of the fuselage between the hydrodynamic keels is made in the form of the aerodynamic surface of the wing of small elongation. In the rear lower part of the fuselage, the hydrodynamic keels smoothly mate with the aerodynamic keels.

However, the "air transformer" is able to move like a boat only after undocking the wing consoles from the center section, folding them along the fuselage and fixing, and the work must be done ashore.

Known speed boat, patent WO 2016/013923 A1, publ. 01/28/2016, with propellers, aerodynamic rudders and a triangular-shaped hull in plan, creating the effect of hydroplanning and speed boat, patent US 5029548 (A), publ. 09/07/1991, which has wings for creating lifting force, a power plant with a propeller and uncontrolled tail unit. The disadvantages include the fact that they are not technically adapted for flight.

The closest analogue, selected as a prototype, is a boat-plane, an article about which was published in the journal "Technique-Youth" No. 925 for October 2010 (p. 36-39). This is a flying boat (boat-plane), containing a fuselage-boat, a wing of small elongation, close in plan to a triangular shape, having displacement elements on the sides of the wing and ailerons on the trailing edge of the wing, tail unit, power plant. In this case, the tail unit consists of one aerodynamic keel with a rudder, without horizontal tail, because the ailerons located on the trailing edge of the wing simultaneously serve as elevators. The power plant is located in the bow of the boat and has one propulsion engine with a propeller.

During water tests, the boat showed good maneuverability, excellent speed and dynamic qualities, which significantly expanded the possibilities of its use as a boat or a simple boat, from low speeds to speeds of about 100-110 km / h, while during the tests for Based existing water and land parking for boats and boats were used.

However, shortcomings were identified, namely, insufficient forward vision when the cockpit was located above the wing, poor lateral stability due to lateral wind due to the large windage of the high vertical tail and the relatively high center of gravity of the entire boat-plane, while the weather vane stability was also insufficient . In addition, in the event of a failure (stop) of a single engine, it was difficult to quickly leave the fairway or land on the beach. All these factors reduce the safety during operation of this boat-aircraft and worsen its comfort.

The technical result of the invention is to increase safety and comfort during operation of a flying boat (boat-plane), increase its lateral stability on water when exposed to crosswind, and increase weather vane stability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To obtain the specified technical result in the proposed flying boat (boat-plane), containing the fuselage-boat, a wing of small elongation, close in plan to a triangular shape, having displacement elements on the sides of the wing and ailerons on the trailing edge of the wing, tail unit, power unit, unlike the known construction, the upper deck of the fuselage-boat is made in the form of an aerodynamic bearing surface, which, together with the wing consoles attached to the fuselage-boat, left and right, forms the bearing surface of the wing la The upper deck in front of the fuselage of the boat is at the same time the ceiling of the cabin, which is made under the upper deck, while increasing the useful volume of the cabin by the value of the thickness of the wing. Glazing is made in the cockpit for a more comfortable, unlike the prototype, forward and side view. The entrance hatch to the cabin is made on the surface of the upper deck. Placing the crew, passengers, cargo and systems in the cockpit, under the upper deck, closer to the waterline, improves lateral stability by shifting down the center of gravity of the entire flying boat (airplane boat). An emergency hatch was made on the starboard side of the cabin for emergency escape, even in the case of the inverted position of a flying boat (boat-plane) on water, which increases the safety of people inside in emergency situations.

The vertical aerodynamic plumage of a flying boat (boat-plane) is made of two keels with rudders, reduced in height compared with the prototype, which gives, by reducing the tail feathering, a decrease in the tipping moment from the side wind on the water. In this case, the vertical tail is made in such a way that its total area provides an increase in the weathering stability of the flying boat (boat-plane) on water and in the air, that is, an increase in the transverse stability and weathering stability of the flying boat (boat-plane) in comparison with the prototype.

The power plant is made of two main engines with propellers, one of the propellers is mounted on the bow of the fuselage of the boat, and the second is mounted above the upper deck behind the center of gravity, closer to the rear of the fuselage of the boat, in the area least affected by splashes, waves and other factors. The propellers are installed along the line of symmetry of the flying boat (boat-plane), which increases safety in operation, because in the event of a failure of one of the engines there is no turning moment in the air or on the water, you can continue flying or land on water and move on like a boat.

The angle of the wing, between its chord and the flat surface of the bottom of the boat, can be from 8 to 18 ° (for a direct wing, this value is 2-3 °). This range of angles is most convenient for choosing rational take-off and landing characteristics, because, in contrast to the generally accepted practice of reducing take-off speeds, the take-off speeds of a flying boat (boat-plane) intentionally increase and shift to the upper limit of its maximum speed in boat mode, so as not to allow prematurely and unexpectedly, which is unsafe, to come off the water.

Displacement elements on the sides of the wing are made in the form of aerodynamic tips with an increased, in comparison with the prototype, area of their vertical surface, which contributes to increasing the weathervane stability of a flying boat (boat-plane). In addition, the endings increase the resistance to air overflow from the high pressure zone under the lower, widest part of the wing. The area of the endings is selected taking into account design restrictions and calculations.

The horizontal plumage, in contrast to the prototype, is installed above the upper deck, between two aerodynamic keels. At the same time, it is located in the zone that is least affected by splashes, waves and other factors, including aerodynamic ones, which increases the safety of operation of a flying boat (boat-plane). The elevator control system is not combined and independent of the aileron control system, unlike the prototype, which increases safety in case of damage or jamming of one of these systems.

In addition, an auxiliary power unit for generating electricity is installed inside the fuselage-boat, which increases comfort and safety in operation, as the inclusion of the marching engine for "household needs" during parking is unsafe. In some emergency situations, when it is impossible to operate the marching engines, the auxiliary power unit will ensure the operation of the radio station, pump, heating and other consumers.

The entrance hatch on the upper deck is made with a cowl, which allows a person to stand inside the boat at full height with the cowl closed, which improves comfort during prolonged non-stop movement.

The entire upper surface of the wing can be used as a deck in the parking lot, and the displacement elements at the ends of the wing prevent the boat from tipping over. You can fish, dive, sunbathe, in general, relax in comfort.

The distinguishing features of the proposed design of a flying boat (boat-plane) from the known above are the following features:

- the upper deck of the fuselage-boat is made in the form of an aerodynamic bearing surface, which, together with the right and left wing consoles attached to the fuselage-boat, forms the bearing surface of the wing;

- under the upper deck, in front of the fuselage of the boat, made cabin with glazing, entrance and emergency hatch;

- vertical aerodynamic tail is made of two, reduced in height, keels with rudders;

- the power plant is made of two main engines with propellers, one of the propellers is mounted on the nose of the fuselage-boat, and the second is installed above the upper deck, behind the center of gravity closer to the rear of the fuselage-boat, along the line of symmetry of the boat-plane;

- the angle of the wing, between its chord and the flat surface of the bottom of the boat, can be from 8 to 18 °;

- displacement elements on the sides of the wing are made in the form of aerodynamic tips with an increased area of their vertical surface;

- the horizontal tail is installed above the deck, between two aerodynamic keels, while the elevator control system is not combined and independent of the aileron control system;

- inside the fuselage of the boat installed auxiliary power unit for generating electricity;

- the entrance hatch on the upper deck is made with a fairing, allowing a person to stand inside the boat at full height with the fairing closed;

- in the parking lot, the upper surface of the wing is used as a deck.

These signs are significant, since each of them is aimed at achieving the claimed technical result in accordance with the task. In the technical solutions of the prior art, their use is not found.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

List of figures

The invention is illustrated by the following description and drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a side view of a flying boat (boat-plane);

in FIG. 2 shows a top view and, after the center line, a bottom view of a flying boat (boat-plane);

in FIG. 3 shows a front view of a flying boat (boat-plane);

in FIG. 4 shows a General view of a flying boat (boat-plane).

The flying boat (boat-plane) (Fig. 1, 2, 3) is made according to the “upper plan” scheme with the “boat” fuselage 1 and the wing of small elongation, close in plan to the triangular shape, the aerodynamic bearing surface of the wing is formed by the surface of the upper deck 2 fuselage-boats 1, with left 3 and right 4 wing consoles attached to it.

On the sides of the wing, on the consoles 3, 4, displacement elements 5 are made in the form of aerodynamic tips with an increased, compared with the prototype, vertical surface area, which increases the weathervane stability of a flying boat (boat-plane). In addition, the endings increase the resistance to air overflow from the high pressure zone under the lower, widest part of the wing. The area of the endings is selected taking into account design restrictions and calculations. Ailerons 6 are installed on the wing consoles 3, 4. The angle of installation of the wing 7, between its chord 20 and the flat surface of the bottom of the boat 21, can be from 8 to 18 °. This range of angles is most convenient for choosing the rational take-off and landing characteristics of a flying boat (boat-plane), when take-off speeds intentionally increase and shift to the upper limit of the maximum speed of the boat, so as not to allow it to break off the surface prematurely, in contrast to the generally accepted practice of reducing speeds take off.

The vertical aerodynamic tail 8 is made, in contrast to the prototype, of two keels with rudders, reduced in height compared to the prototype, with rudders, which reduces the tipping moment from the side wind on the water by reducing the tail feathering. In this case, the vertical tail is made in such a way that its total area provides increased, compared with the prototype, weathervane stability of a flying boat (boat-plane) on water and in air, with a general decrease in tipping moment, that is, with an improvement in the transverse stability of a flying boat ( boats) compared with the prototype.

The horizontal tail 9 is installed above the upper deck, between two aerodynamic keels of the vertical tail 8, while, unlike the prototype, the elevator control system is not combined and independent of the aileron control system, which increases safety in case of damage or jamming of one of the systems. The horizontal tail is located in the area least affected by spray, waves and other, including aerodynamic, factors, which increases the safety of operation of a flying boat (boat-plane). The power plant of a flying boat (boat-plane) is made of two marching engines with propellers, one of the propellers 10 is installed on the nose of the fuselage of the boat, and the second 11 is installed above the upper deck, in the area least affected by splashes, waves and other factors , behind the center of gravity 12, closer to the rear of the fuselage-boat, along the line of symmetry, which increases the safety during operation of a flying boat (boat-plane), since, in the event of failure of any engine, there is no turning moment in the air or in Ode, you can continue the flight, or land on the water and move on like a boat.

In the front part of the fuselage-boat, under its upper deck, there is a cabin 13 with a glazing 14, for a more comfortable, unlike the prototype, front and side view. Placing the crew, passengers, cargo and systems of the flying boat (boat-plane) in the cabin under the upper deck, closer to waterline 15, improves lateral stability by shifting down the center of gravity of the entire flying boat (boat-plane). An emergency hatch 16 was made on the starboard side of the cabin for emergency exit, including for the case of the inverted position of a flying boat (boat-plane) on water, which increases the safety of people inside in emergency situations.

The access hatch 17 on the upper deck 2 is made with a cowl 18, which allows a person to stand inside the boat at full height with the cowl closed, which improves comfort during prolonged non-stop movement.

An auxiliary power unit 19, generating electricity, is installed inside the fuselage-boat, which in operation, when the main engines are off, significantly improves comfort and safety, because the inclusion of the marching engine for "household needs", while stationary, is unsafe. In some emergency situations, when it is impossible to operate the marching engines, the auxiliary power unit will ensure the operation of the radio station, pump, heating and other consumers.

The entire upper surface of the wing can be used in the parking lot as a deck, and the displacement elements 5 at the ends of the wing prevent the flying boat (boat-plane) from tipping over. You can fish, dive, sunbathe, in general, relax in comfort.

Example.

A flying boat (boat-plane) is operated as follows. From the place of its basing to the place where take-off and landing is possible, or to the nearest hydrodrome, the flying boat (boat-plane) gets its own way, like a regular boat, mainly using only one engine 11. In preparation for take-off, the second engine 10, the operations necessary to take off inside the cabin are performed, and the flying boat (boat-plane) enters the position to start the take-off. The run takes place strictly against the wind, in a straight line, upon reaching take-off speed, after separation from the water, the boat becomes a full-fledged aircraft, moreover, more adapted and comfortable for flying in a turbulent surface layer than an aircraft with a direct wing. After landing, strictly against the wind and in a straight line, a flying boat (boat-plane), having reduced speed to values less than 100-110 km / h, again gets the opportunity to move like a regular boat and move to the nearest settlement or city by water. Due to the new operational properties obtained, a flying boat (boat-plane) does not have a rigid anchoring of basing, including to hydrodromes, it can be based where it is convenient for its owner, it can also be located in the city, using existing water and land parking for boats and boats.

Technical and economic efficiency, when using a flying boat (boat-plane) in general aviation or special aviation, is expressed in expanding its capabilities and its application on water (from small rivers to the sea), if it is possible to use existing water and land parking for boats and boats.

The present invention can be implemented using existing technologies from materials used in aircraft building and shipbuilding.

Claims (4)

1. A flying boat containing a fuselage-boat, a wing of small elongation, close in plan to a triangular shape, having displacement elements on the sides of the wing and ailerons on the trailing edge of the wing, tail unit, power unit, characterized in that the upper deck of the fuselage-boat is made in the form of an aerodynamic bearing surface, which, together with the right and left wing consoles attached to the fuselage-boat, forms the wing bearing surface, and under the upper deck in front of the fuselage-boat is made to increase in for transverse stability, a cabin with glazing made with the possibility of increasing visibility, entrance and emergency hatch, vertical aerodynamic tail is made of two keels with rudders reduced in height with the possibility of increasing lateral stability and weathervane stability, the power plant is made of two marching engines with propellers, one of the propellers is mounted on the bow of the fuselage-boat, and the second is mounted above the upper deck behind the center of gravity closer to the tail of the fuselage-boat symmetry lines of the boat-plane, the angle of the wing between the chord of the wing and the flat surface of the bottom of the boat is from 8 to 18 degrees, while the displacement elements on the sides of the wing are made in the form of aerodynamic tips with an increased vertical surface area, and the horizontal tail is made over the upper deck with the possibility of its protection against the effects of splashes and waves between two aerodynamic keels, while the elevator control system is not combined and independent of the aileron control system to increase safety in case of damage or jamming of one of the systems. 2. The flying boat according to claim 1, characterized in that an auxiliary power unit is installed inside the fuselage of the boat, generating electricity. 3. The flying boat according to claim 1, characterized in that the entrance hatch on the upper deck is made with a fairing, allowing a person to stand inside the boat at full height with the fairing closed. 4. The flying boat according to claim 1, characterized in that in the parking lot the upper surface of the wing is used as a deck.

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