RU2476352C2 - "dolphin" search-and-rescue float sea helicopter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydroaviation. Proposed helicopter comprises airframe 1 with tail boom 11, gas turbine engine 8 with two coaxial rotors 9, delta wing with leading edge flap 13 whereon rests semi-cylinder airframe 1 and below which three floats 2, 4 are arranged equipped with retractable damping sliding hydroski, twin-fin tail with fins 6 resting on side float rear part 4 and top part connected via stabiliser 12 with airframe rail boom, two horizontal thrust propulsors with pusher propellers 7 mounted on tail fins. Said delta wing exploits airflow feed from rotors generates air cushion with leading edge flap 13 and side floats 4.

EFFECT: higher stability, lower impact loads.

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Description

The Dolphin helicopter is intended for search and rescue operations at sea with the aim of rescuing people in distress by splashing down and taking off directly at the crash site, and can also land and take off from ground-based aerodromes, snow-covered plains, frozen rivers and lakes, and It can be used as a patrol, anti-submarine, firefighter as a cargo-passenger for the delivery of goods and people to the islands when flying over the sea or other water surface.

2.1. The field of technology to which the Dolphin hydro-helicopter belongs is hydro-aviation in units engaged in search and rescue operations in water areas.

2.2. Disclosure of invention

The essence of the invention, as a technical solution, lies in the development of a float-mounted amphibian-amphibian trimaran layout scheme, capable of landing and taking off from the sea when the waves are up to 3 ÷ 4 points (wind wave 2.0 m), with a flight range of 2000 km, s a maximum flight speed of 400 km / h, with a take-off mass of 18,000 kg, expressed in the aggregate application of significant distinguishing features;

2.2.1. The use of a deltoid wing of small elongation, on top of which the helicopter fuselage is superimposed (fuselage structure, propeller installation of the rotors, excluding the lower part of the fuselage, tail unit with a horizontal thrust engine, similar to the KOM-92 helicopter manufactured by Komov);

2.2.2. Installation under the wing of 3 long, narrow all-metal floats (elongation = 10 units). the central float is located in front of the wing, two lateral on the sides of the wing. The floats are permanently attached to the wing over the entire contact surface, while the floats do not protrude beyond the front edge of the wing. Such a scheme for supporting a hydro-helicopter on a water surface qualifies as trimaran.

2.2.3. The floats are equipped with damping (shock-absorbing) sliding hydro-skis, issued during take-off, landing and retracted in flight. A kind of chassis, with the help of which the take-off and landing of the helicopter is carried out. Hydro-ski has a saber shape, containing carbohydrate and horizontal components. The lower surface of the horizontal component is flat without redans, the upper surface is convex. The surface of the angular component has a keeled shape.

2.2.4. The use of a two-keel tail unit, in which the keels rest on the floats, and in the upper part are connected by a stabilizer to the tail fuselage beam.

2.2.5. Installing on the keels of the tail of a two-autonomous propulsion system with pushing screws that create horizontal traction.

2.2.6. A deflectable flap or a retractable flap is installed at the rear of the deltoid wing.

2.2.7. A feature of the helicopter is that its fuselage, tail, wing, and floats are sealed from material that is not subject to corrosion of sea water.

All of the essential features of a helicopter listed above are interrelated, and their combined application provides the following technical results:

a) Improving the stability of the helicopter.

When the helicopter is on the water surface or when it moves along it, stability is increased by using the trimaran layout of the floats spaced relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the helicopter. The longer the floats, the higher the longitudinal stability. The elongation of the floats (the ratio of the length to the nominal diameter) is ≤10 units, and the wavelength that the floats overlap is 12 m. At the same time, the low-lying wing due to molecular cohesion forces increases both transverse and longitudinal stability. In addition, stability is enhanced by the use of hydro-skiing. When the hydro-helicopter is afloat, the released hydro-skis play the role of floating anchors, which absorb both longitudinal and transverse vibrations.

b) Increased seaworthiness

Seaworthiness is directly dependent on stability. The higher the stability, the higher the seaworthiness. It is necessary to cancel that the use of hydro-skiing increases seaworthiness by 25%.

In addition, when using the blowing from the rotors of the helicopter, which creates an air cushion under the wing, which is formed by the side floats and the deflected flap, the take-off and landing characteristics of the hydro-helicopter are improved and, as a result, the seaworthiness is increased.

c) Decrease in hydrodynamic resistance

The main advantage of trimaran catamarans, according to the theory of Froude, is that their narrow and long hulls when moving through water create less resistance to the oncoming flow than wider hulls of boats. (See “Sailing catamarans” by Yu.S. Kryuchkov, Shipbuilding, 1967). In this case, the body of the floats are performed without cheekbones, bends, redans in a more optimal hydrodynamic form - keeled, than their hydrodynamic resistance is reduced compared to the boat layout of the helicopter.

In addition, using and summing the lifting force of hydro-skis arising during movement, the lifting force of the wing and the lifting force of the blowing under the wing with main rotors, the hydro-helicopter rises to the water surface (clearance increases to 2 m) and can slide along it with hydrodynamic resistance, reaching a speed of over 100 km / h.

d) Increasing the strength of the design of the hydraulic helicopter

The delta-shaped wing of small elongation, consisting of reinforced spars and ribs, is an all-metal wing-platform, on which the helicopter fuselage is superimposed on top, and floats are installed at the bottom, which have a continuous connection with the wing around the entire perimeter of contact. The aft of the side floats are supported by tail fin keels, which are stabilized with the tail fuselage beam. In general, a box-like structure is formed, which has a greater margin of safety than the cantilever one, and eliminates the possibility of twisting the wing, fluctuations of the floats and stabilizer during the perception of shock landing and wave loads, and makes it possible to install screw propellers on keels.

d) Reducing shock loads on the design of the helicopter

- The use of hydro-helicopters in hydro-helicopters, which are the first to perceive landing and wave loads, reduce their impact on the design of the helicopter due to damping and sliding.

- The trimaranic arrangement of the floats distributes landing and wave loads into three lines, thereby reducing their impact on the design of the helicopter.

- The air cushion, which is formed from the blower under the wing by the main rotors, and formed by the side floats and the deflected flap, reduces the impact of landing and wave loads on the helicopter structure.

g) Protection against spray flow of engines.

- The deltoid wing overlaps the water surface in front of the engines, which prevents the spray flow that occurs when the helicopter lands on the water surface or when it moves along it.

- The displacement of the floats beyond the leading edge of the wing removes the spray flow under the wing, reducing its effect on the engine screws.

- The use of hydro-skis, providing glide of the helicopter on the water surface with lower hydrodynamic resistance, reduces the amount of spray flow.

- Blowing from the main rotors of the hydraulic helicopter blows off the spray stream, reducing its effect on the propellers of the engines.

h) Providing a longer range.

- The use of the deltoid wing allows you to place more fuel in its caissons than in the layout of the boat-fuselage, which increases the flight range.

- Placing additional fuel tanks in the floats increases the amount of fuel to be refueled and, as a result, increases the flight range.

i) increase in flight speed,

- Installation of two engines with pushing propellers (thrusters) on keels of the tail unit increases the horizontal component of speed, increases flight speed up to 400 km / h.

j) Improving take-off and landing performance

A feature of hydro-helicopters in comparison with their land counterparts is that the hydro-helicopter cannot vertically tear itself away from the water surface. This is prevented by molecular cohesion forces arising from the wetting of the helicopter structure in the water. To reduce the molecular cohesion forces, a hydro-helicopter needs to move along the water surface in a horizontal plane. This is facilitated by propulsion devices mounted on the tail fin keel of the Dolphin helicopter, which create the horizontal component of the speed of the helicopter in the horizontal plane, reducing molecular cohesion, reducing the load on the rotors that create lift, ensuring the separation of the helicopter from the water surface.

At the same time, when the hydro-helicopter moves on the water surface in the sliding mode on hydro-skis, the wetted surface of the hydro-helicopter structure decreases, the molecular adhesion forces decrease, and the separation of the hydro-helicopter from the water surface is facilitated.

In addition, blowing under the wing, carried out by the supporting vents and creating an air cushion under the wing, increases the lift force of the wing, facilitating the separation of the helicopter from the water surface.

When landing a hydro-helicopter, hydro-skis, due to damping and sliding, reduce shock landing and wave loads and make landing softer.

An air cushion created under the wing due to blowing by supporting vents also reduces shock landing and wave loads, providing a softer landing.

k) Ensuring greater flight safety.

- The use of floats and hydro-skis in the design of a helicopter provides amphibiousness and, as a result, the possibility of a wider choice of landing site: sea, lake, river, ice surface, snowy plain, unpaved surface, thereby providing greater flight safety compared to a land helicopter.

- The perception of landing and wave loads by hydro-skis, their damping and their reduction when sliding on hydro-skis increases flight safety.

- in autorotation mode in case of rotor engine failure or rotor destruction, the Dolphin has the ability to plan due to the use of the deltoid wing in the design, as well as due to the horizontal component of the speed created by the propulsors mounted on the tail fin, which provides more high degree of flight safety.

Summarizing the foregoing, it can be stated that, using all of the essential features listed on the Dolphin helicopter, we can achieve the main technical results: take-off and landing on the wave surface with waves up to 4 balls, ensuring a flight range of 2000 km, achieving flight speeds of up to 400 km / h.

2.3 prior art

The closest in its functional purpose to the claimed invention - the Dolphin hydro-helicopter is the search and rescue amphibious helicopter MI-14PS created in the USSR (VN Shunkov “Aircraft-carrying ships and naval Aviation.” Popuri, Moscow, 2003 )

To create the MI-14PS helicopter, the components and assemblies of the land multi-purpose helicopter MI-8T were widely used. The design of the fuselage, excluding its lower part, including the cockpit, cargo compartment, power plant with two gas turbine engines and one main rotor, tail boom with tail rotor, is similar to the MI-8T design. Due to the fact that the MI-14PS helicopter is designed for search and rescue operations over large bodies of water, the bottom of the fuselage is shaped like a boat, inflatable balloons (floats) are installed on the sides of the fuselage. Thanks to these constructive solutions, the MI-14PS can land and take off from the water, maintain a stable position with a wave of 3-4 points and glide at a speed of 60 km / h.

Nevertheless, the MI-14PS helicopter is significantly inferior to the Dolphin hydro-helicopter:

- In terms of stability, both longitudinal and transverse, since the spacing of the floats relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the Dolphin helicopter overlaps the supporting area twice as large as the boat of the MI-14PS with inflatable balloons with the same overall dimensions of the helicopter design.

- In terms of flight speed, in connection with the additional horizontal component of speed created by two engines mounted on the keels of the Dolphin hydraulic helicopter.

- The flight range is doubled due to the placement of more fuel in the caissons of the deltoid wing and additional sides in the floats.

- In terms of flight safety, since the Dolphin hydraulic helicopter has the ability to plan due to the deltoid wing and the horizontal component of the speed of the movers mounted on the keels when the rotor engines fail, as well as when the rotors are damaged.

In addition, hydro-skis due to damping and sliding on the water surface reduce shock landing and wave loads.

2.4 Brief description of the drawings.

Figures 1, 2, 3 show the dolphin search and rescue amphibious amphibious helicopter with a trimaran float layout, the design of which includes:

- The fuselage is semi-cylindrical, with a tail boom, cockpit, cargo compartment (p. 1);

- Power plant of two gas turbine engines of the main rotors (item 8);

- Two rigid coaxial rotors (item 9);

- Deltoid wing of small elongation (p. 10), on top of which the fuselage is superimposed, and three floats of elongated wobble shape (elongation ≤10 units) (p. 2 of p. 4), which are spaced relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the helicopter, are installed below; while the floats do not extend beyond the leading edge of the wing;

- Hydro skiing with a pronounced angular keeled component and flat horizontal with a convex upper part. Hydraulic skis in the front part are attached to the float through a hinge assembly, and in the rear part they are supported by telescopic hydraulic racks. Hydro-skis are removed in flight into the floats, released during landing and take-off (Clause 3 Clause 5);

- A two-keel tail unit, which is supported by the keels (item 6) on the side floats (item 4), and in the upper part through the stabilizer (item 12) is connected to the tail fuselage beam (item 11);

- Two engines with pushing screws, creating an additional component of horizontal speed. Engines are installed in the upper part of the tail fin keels (item 7);

- A deflectable flap located in the rear of the wing, forming together with the side floats an air cushion under the wing (item 13).

Figure №1 (Side view)

Designations:

1 - Fuselage

2 - Central float

3 - Front ski

4 - Side float

5 - Lateral hydro-ski

6 - Kiel

7 - Propulsors (vertical with pushing screws)

Figure №2 (Top view)

8 - Power plant rotors

9 - Bearing rigid coaxial screws

10 - Delta wing

11 - Tail boom

12 - Stabilizer

13 - Deflected visor.

Figure 3 (Front view)

2.5. The implementation of the invention

Hydro-helicopter "Dolphin" is intended for search and rescue operations at sea by landing and take-off directly at the crash site, and can also be used as a patrol, anti-submarine, firefighter, as a cargo-passenger for delivering goods and people to islands when flying over the sea or otherwise water surface.

Hydro-helicopter "Dolphin" was developed in accordance with the concept of the development of float-operated hydroaviation (Seaplanes: "Petrel, MPAC-1, Albatross").

The use of water-based aircraft based on the use of structural and technical solutions that make up a number of distinctive essential features of the Dolphin helicopter allows a series of search and rescue and special operations in offshore areas to be carried out with a high degree of efficiency. This provision is confirmed by an extract from a letter from TsAGI to them. Professor N.E. Zhukovsky No. 51-189 / 16 of 10.24.2003 (See the appendix).

In addition, the viability of these aircraft is confirmed by an extract from the letter of TANTK them. G.M. Berieva No. 410/2699 of 1.09.2003 (see the appendix).

In the static state afloat, the hydro-helicopter rests on the water surface with three floats installed according to the trimaran layout scheme on the lower surface of the deltoid wing. The central float (Fig. 1 p. 2) is installed in the nose of the wing, the lateral floats (Fig. 1 p. 4) on the sides of the wing with fastening to it along the entire perimeter of the contact. Floats have an elongation of 10 units. and with a conditional diameter of the float = 0.9 m. They have a displacement of 19 tons, which is enough to keep a hydro helicopter afloat with an installed take-off weight of 18,000 kg. The floats are spaced relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the helicopter, which ensures their stability and seaworthiness when the sea is rough up to 4 points (Wind wave = 2.0 m). The floats are equipped with damping sliding hydro-skis, which in the static state work like floating anchors, increasing the seaworthiness of the helicopter by 25%.

Damping sliding hydro-skis (Fig. 1 p. 3 p. 4), which are bow-mounted to the float by the hinge and are supported by a telescopic hydraulic strut in the rear, is a wing of ultra-small elongation and has lift when moving (see Shashin V. M. Hydroaeromechanics of marine L.A. MAI, 1997).

The tail unit of the hydraulic helicopter is two-keel, which provides stable control of the course. The keels (Fig. 1 p. 6) rest on the tail of the floats, and in the upper part are connected through the stabilizer (Fig. 2 p. 12) with the tail fuselage beam (Fig. 2 p. 11), forming a strong box-like structure, preventing twisting wings and oscillations of the floats in the perception of shock landing and wave loads.

Movers are equipped with propellers (Fig. 1, item 7) with pushing propellers that carry out the movement of the hydro-helicopter in the horizontal plane, in addition, the engines can be used when taxiing in the course of flight, and when maneuvering on the water surface. In addition, the propellers achieve a hydro-helicopter flight speed of up to 400 km / h (see National Aerospace Journal "Rise" 8-9 / 2009 www.take-off.ru).

The deltoid wing (Fig. 2 p. 10), on top of which is placed the fuselage (Fig. 1 p. 1) with the power plant (Fig. 2 p. 8) and the bearing rigid coaxial screws (Fig. 2 p. 9), and floats are installed at the bottom (Fig. 1 p. 2), is an element combining the fuselage, floats and tail unit into a single structure, which provides greater structural strength of the helicopter compared to the mounting of floats on the pylons. (The deltoid wing has greater strength than the straight or swept). At the same time, in the wing caissons, as well as in the additional fuel tanks of the floats, it is possible to place 2 times more fuel than in the tanks of the MI-14PS helicopter, which ensures a flight range of the Dolphin helicopter of 2000 km. In addition, when the hydro-helicopter moves on the water surface, as well as in flight, the wing has a lifting force, and due to blowing with rotors under the wing, an air cushion is formed, formed by side floats and a deflected flap (Fig. 2 p.13), which increases the lifting force wings.

The take-off of the helicopter from the water surface is not carried out vertically, which is practically impossible due to the molecular adhesion forces of the wetted surface of the structure, but by the movement of the helicopter along the water surface due to the horizontal component of the propulsion thrust. In this case, the lifting force of the rotors, deltoid wing, air cushion and hydro-ski lifts the hydro-helicopter above the water surface and, if necessary, the hydro-helicopter can slide on it in hydro-skiing at a speed of more than 100 km / h. Due to the slip and reduction of the wetted surface, the molecular cohesion forces practically drop to zero and allow the helicopter to come off the water surface. When sliding, the clearance increases to 2 m, while hydro-skis dampen shock waves by deflecting in the vertical plane, taking off the helicopter during sea waves up to 4 points.

A helicopter landing on a water surface can be carried out both vertically due to the vertical component of the thrust of the rotors, and along the glide path, using not only the thrust of the rotors and pushing screws, but also the lifting force of the wing and the air cushion created by blowing under the wing of the rotors. At the same time, air cushion and hydro-skis due to damping and sliding reduce shock landing and wave loads during sea waves to 4 points.

The protection of rotor engines and propellers of pusher propellers from the spray flow that occurs when the helicopter moves on a water surface is carried out:

- The air flow from the rotors, which blows off the spray stream, scattering it in the atmosphere;

- The deltoid wing, which covers the body of water above the floats, directing the spray flow from the floats under the wing;

- The use of hydro-skis, which reduce the spray flow by sliding damping and reducing hydraulic resistance by reducing the area of contact with the water surface, in the slip mode during landing and take-off.

A large degree of flight safety on a Dolphin helicopter, especially when flying over the sea, is carried out:

- The possibility of a greater choice of landing site (sea, rivers, lakes, snow-covered plain, primer) compared to coast-based helicopters;

- The use of hydro-skis, which by damping and sliding reduce shock landing loads;

- The formation of an air cushion from the blowing of the rotors of the air flow under the wing formed by the side floats and deflected shield;

- The possibility of planning due to the lifting force of the deltoid wing and the horizontal component of the thrust (speed) of propulsors with pushing screws in case of failure of the main rotor engines or during the destruction of the main rotors;

The amphibiousness of the Dolphin hydro-helicopter is carried out by the use of hydro-skis, which play the role of a 3-way ski landing gear.

3. Title of invention

"Search and Rescue Amphibian-Dolphin Float Hydro Helicopter."

The name describes its purpose for search and rescue operations at sea in order to save people in distress by splashing and take-off directly at the scene of the disaster.

The name "Dolphin" is used to identify the helicopter. At the same time, the name "Dolphin" characterizes the hydro-helicopter as a marine one, which corresponds to its purpose.

Claims (1)

Search and rescue amphibian float-operated helicopter designed to save people in distress at sea by landing and take-off directly at the crash site, containing a fuselage with a tail boom, a gas turbine power plant with two rigid coaxial rotors, characterized by a small elongation deltoid wing, which is superimposed on the fuselage, and on the bottom are three floats according to the trimaran pattern, on which the keels of the two-keel tail are supported in the tail section, connecting stabilized with a tail fuselage beam, with two propulsors with pushing screws that create a horizontal component of speed, the installation of a deflected flap in the aft part of the deltoid wing, which together with the side floats forms an air cushion, damping sliding ski lifts, which are released during landing and retracted in flight, which are equipped floats.

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