RU2471677C1 - Amphibious aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly to naval aviation. Amphibious aircraft contains high-lift wing, tail fin, power plant, landing gear, water rudder. Amphibious aircraft is executed as "flying wing" provided on its lower surface with built-in two-stepped keel projecting bottoms of boats. Wing lower surface creates positive angle relative to water surface and is installed with gap from it. The boats together with wing lower surface form wedgewise hollows tapering to the rear part of wing. On the lower surface of wing rear part there are flaps deflecting downwards. In the hollows, additional buoyancy is created when aircraft moves over water.

EFFECT: enhancement of navigability.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aircraft, in particular to marine aviation, and is intended to use the capabilities of an amphibious aircraft to take off from water and land on water, swimming, and also as a land plane to solve various problems on land and at sea.

In a number of countries, seaplanes and amphibious aircraft of a classical scheme are built and operated: a flying boat with wing floats and float aircraft with a conventional fuselage. In Russia, built and operated aircraft manufactured by TANTK them. G.M.Berieva: Be-12, Be-200, A-40 - they all contain a boat and wing floats located at the ends of the wings.

Sources of information are:

1. "Reference aircraft designer", TsAGI, ed. TsAGI, Moscow, 1938.

2. “Seaplanes”, N.I. Andreevsky, Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1986.

3. “Military Parade”, July-August No. 14, 2004, p.30, “Current and future projects of the specialized design bureau of seaplane engineering”.

4. “Aircraft of the Voronezh Aircraft Plant”, V. Gagin, NPP “Trust”, Voronezh, 1996.

5. “Flying Wings” of the Central Committee of Kostenko, Mechanical Engineering, Moscow, 1985.

Amphibian W 2008054449 A2, class. B64C 35/00. The three-hull amphibious aircraft contains a central main body with a large volume and two small side hulls. A wing is installed in the middle of the fuselage height, with which the side bodies are connected. Folding wing consoles. An engine is mounted above the tail of the central body.

The disadvantages of the analogue are:

1) Insignificant volume and dimensions (displacement) of the side bodies, the bow of which is located from the middle of the central body, i.e. they are no different from the wing liners of an airplane with all the flaws in terms of seaworthiness, stability and low rolling resistance on the wave.

2) The wing is “cut” by the main body and all its power elements are joined on the fuselage in the middle, which reduces the reliability of the structure and the resource of the aircraft.

3) The engine is located at the end of the rear of the main body, which is disadvantageous in terms of centering the aircraft and the distribution of inertial forces. A very large shoulder of the moment of inertial forces from the engine to the center of the aircraft.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is an aircraft - US patent No. 3627235, NKI 244 / 12R, 1968 - capable of flying at low altitudes like an ekranoplan. The aircraft (l.a.) contains a hull in the form of a boat, a curved wing, convex upward, an engine at the end of the rear of the fuselage, plumage and supporting floats located at the ends of the wings.

With the indicated shape of the wing (convex upward), high raised above the surface of the water to create a screen effect, an air cushion is used (without exposure to water). In the specified L.A. There is no adjustment to the used additional lifting force. A curved wing is not advantageous in strength due to bending conditions (curved beam).

The disadvantages of float seaplanes, including the prototype, include: limited seaworthiness, consisting in the presence of an initial roll, in the loss of stability of the course when landing with a roll on one float, in danger of a U-turn during take-off when the float meets a wave, in overloading of the ends of the wings due to shock to the float. Seaplane floats, having a relatively small displacement, are not able to significantly “extinguish” the pitching of the aircraft, because the fending moment from the mass of the float is relatively negligible. Due to the fact that the new seaplanes in the near future should be qualitatively different from their predecessors, research and development studies are aimed at finding a possible breakthrough in improving the parameters of the seaplane, its hull and, in general, the plan of the seaplane.

The aim of the invention is to achieve the best parameters, based on the postulate of the need to improve the seaworthiness of the seaplane, the components of which are:

- buoyancy;

- unsinkability;

- seaworthiness;

- strength;

- ability to maneuver on water;

- the ability to safely withstand pitching during a large wave;

- take off and land on the water with the shortest take-off run at take-off and run at landing.

The technical task of the invention is to increase seaworthiness: reducing take-off distance and run length, ensuring safety and reliability during landing and take-off, as well as during maneuvering in the water area, increasing the resistance to rocking of a seaplane.

The technical result is achieved by the proposed design scheme - the scheme of a multi-hull amphibious aircraft.

An amphibious aircraft is a “flying wing”, on the lower surface of which three protruding downward bottoms of a boat with redans are formed. In this case, the lower surface of the wing creates a positive angle with respect to the surface of the water and is installed with a gap from it, and in combination with the sides of the boats and the surface of the water forms cavities having in the longitudinal section of a vertical plane the shape of a wedge tapering to the rear of the wing. In these cavities, when the aircraft moves through water, an additional lifting force is created, which helps to reduce the take-off run and use the screen effect. Unlike the prototype, when moving through water in the cavities, a mixture of splashes, turbulences of jets of water and air is formed, i.e. an environment is created in the form of foam, along which the plane glides with much lower resistance than water. At the same time, additional lifting force is created due to the above “wedge”.

Such an amphibious aircraft scheme significantly improves seaworthiness: compared to a float seaplane; the proposed amphibious aircraft has high buoyancy, this is ensured by the total volume of three boats, high stability, which is ensured by a significant displacement of the side boats. When external forces act, the plane of the current waterline deviates slightly from its initial normal position, because the value of the restoring moment is greater than the moments from external forces (at a certain wave).

Dynamic stability is high and stable, because the work of the restoring moment is greater than the work of external moments, which is ensured by the significant mass and displacement of the side boats.

The ability of an amphibious aircraft to satisfactorily maneuver on water is provided by a water rudder and engines.

The seaplane’s ability to withstand rolling increases significantly, which is ensured by the significant masses and displacement of the side boats, which are located at a considerable distance from the center of gravity of the aircraft and create significant parry moments.

The proposed amphibious aircraft scheme provides for the creation of a three-hull (multi-hull) seaplane in the form of a flying wing, equipped on the bottom of the surface with keel two-part protrusions-bottoms of boats built in it, of at least three, fused together with the wing, which provides high rigidity and strength designs.

The proposed amphibious aircraft provides a high guarantee of unsinkability, as instead of one boat, in this embodiment, three separate watertight volumes, each boat is also divided into watertight compartments.

The aircraft’s ability to glide simultaneously on three redans provides a stable movement of the aircraft through the water during take-off, landing and during maneuvering in the water area, increases the safety of water movement. Gliding on three edans provides a steady movement of water at high speed using a screen effect.

A comparative analysis of the invention with identified analogues shows that it has novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a brief description and the accompanying drawings, where:

figure 1 shows the frontal projection of an amphibious aircraft;

figure 2 shows a plan view of an amphibious aircraft;

figure 3 shows a profile projection of an amphibious aircraft.

The amphibious aircraft shown in the drawings (Figs. 1-3) is a search and rescue aircraft. The aircraft is made according to the scheme of a flying wing - "high-wing". Wing 1 arrow-shaped with variable sweep along the leading edge and constant sweep along the trailing edge has a negative “V” transverse between the boats and horizontal end parts. The wing has a high degree of mechanization. The mechanization of each half-wing consists of: slats 2, two sections of a double-slotted flap 3, a brake flap 4, an interceptor 5, an aileron 6, and lower flaps 7. The compartments of the wing box are sealed and are fuel tanks.

The boats are both central 8 and lateral 9, 10 two-edged, of a large elongation with a variable pitching bottom.

Boats are divided into watertight compartments by partitions to ensure unsinkability in an emergency.

In the central boat there are 11 cockpits and crew cabins, household compartments, a cargo compartment with a bottom hatch. All boats have compartments for equipment and equipment, depending on the purpose of the aircraft. The boats are equipped with marine equipment that provides for operation on the water, mooring to the barrel and anchor, towing a seaplane in the water area.

Engines 12 are mounted on pylons in the middle of each boat above the deck.

A T-tail is mounted on the tail of the central boat, which consists of a fork 13, a swept vertical 14 and a movable horizontal 15 tail, the keel joint with a stabilizer closes the fairing 16. The keel has two sections of the rudder 17. The airplane landing gear consists of a controllable front support 18 s two non-brake wheels, two supports 19 on the sides of the central boat with four wheels on each trolley and two supports - one support 20 on each side boat, also having four wheels on each support. The supports are removed to the central boat in the clandestine part through the side hatches. On the side boats, the landing gear is also retracted into the underground part of the boats in niches through hatches in the bottom.

At the end of the tail of the central boat, a water-actuator 21 is installed below. At the ends of the wing, radomes 22 of electronic equipment are installed.

Redans (23) on boats are arranged so that they can simultaneously touch the surface of the water during landing and gliding on three redans at the same time, which provides a high degree of stability of the seaplane during takeoff and landing, as well as with uniform movement and gliding.

When flying at a low altitude in the zone of influence of the surface of the water (earth), the air flow divided and directed by the boats into two directed flows between the boats 8, 9, 10 determines the best result of the screen effect and makes the flight of the aircraft as an ekranoplan the most stable. On the lower surface of the rear part of the wing 1 there are shields 7, deflecting downwards, which, changing the direction of flow, create and regulate additional lifting force, thereby affecting the take-off length during take-off and creating a braking effect during the run.

Marked distinctive features provide safety during takeoff, landing and navigation of the aircraft, lateral and track stability, comfort.

The present invention is feasible according to existing technology from materials used in aircraft construction.

An amphibious aircraft can be used as a search and rescue (PS) option, which makes it possible to provide emergency assistance to injured sailors in distress on a ship or submarine. On-board receiving hatches, 2 in each boat (six receiving hatches on an airplane) ensure prompt reception of the injured. A rigid bottom inflatable boat is placed and unloaded through the hatch in each boat. The aircraft is also equipped with life rafts, which can be dropped in flight over those in distress or after landing to temporarily accommodate a large number of victims.

PS amphibious aircraft may be the only hope of those in distress for quick and effective assistance and rescue. This applies to distressed ships, submarines, in an emergency on oil platforms, tankers and in coastal areas.

An amphibious aircraft in the AWAC variant is capable of landing anywhere in the ocean under certain weather conditions and has direct communication with ships, submarines and refuel from them; The AWACS amphibious aircraft has clear advantages over the A-50 AWACS based on the IL-76 airplane.

An amphibious patrol aircraft is designed to monitor oceans, seas and coastal areas.

An amphibious fire-fighting aircraft with tactical and technical characteristics similar to the IL-76TDP aircraft (according to other sources, IL-76TP or IL-76P) is capable of taking on board up to 44 tons of water and covering an area of up to 5000 sq.m for 6 with or dumping up to 44 paratrooper firefighters and 5 tons of special equipment in the area of the outbreak, they will differ in their ability to land on the water of the nearest reservoir and to collect water directly from the reservoir. This will significantly reduce the turnaround time of the aircraft when fighting a fire; It can also be effectively used to extinguish fires on oil well platforms on the seas and oceans, when extinguishing fires on ships and tankers and in coastal areas.

Technical and economic efficiency is expressed in improving the seaworthiness of the aircraft, reducing the take-off distance and using the screen effect of the amphibious aircraft of the proposed scheme, improving unsinkability, stability and safety both when sailing and when planing on take-off and landing on water, increasing the seaplane’s ability to withstand pitching.

Claims (1)

An amphibious aircraft containing a wing with mechanization, tail unit, powerplant, landing gear, water wheel, characterized in that it is made according to the “flying wing” scheme, equipped on the bottom surface with keel two-parted protrusions-bottoms of boats of at least three, together with the lower surface of the wing installed at a positive angle to the surface of the water and with a gap from it, cavities having in the longitudinal section of a vertical plane the shape of a wedge, tapering to the rear of the wing, and soda It lies on the lower surface of the rear portion of the wing flaps, diverging downwards.

Images