RU2647502C1 - Plant for processing keratin-containing animals waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for producing a protein product from animal waste. Plant comprises successively interconnected and screw-equipped raw material supply sections, a reaction hydrolysis section and a section of the processed product discharge. Raw material supply section contains a receiving hopper with a funnel, a body of the working device and a spacer, on the common axis of which there is a screw. On the inner surface of the body of the working device grooves are formed alternating the protrusions having certain dimensions corresponding to the parameters of the raw material supply section screw. Reaction section is made in the form of a tube equipped with means for heating it, along the axis of which there is the screw. Section contains a container for collecting hydrolysis products. Cylindrical channel is formed at the lower generatrix of the reaction section, in which the screw of the discharge section is arranged, which allows the product to be moved to the atmospheric pressure zone by means of a movable valve.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the reliability of the plant operation and simplify its maintenance.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing livestock waste to obtain protein products, in particular, to equipment for processing waste, preferably hooves, bristles, feathers. The processed product can be used as a source of protein in animal feed.

The prior art method for processing down-feather raw materials, including heating, grinding, sterilization, hydrolysis and drying. The installation for implementing the method contains 4 sections: 1st section - an exciting hopper with screws performing preliminary grinding with preliminary heating; 2nd section - further heating, compaction to obtain a reliable cork and grinding of the pen; 3rd — grinding the feather, further heating it; 4th section - high temperature hydrolysis. All four sections are made in the form of channels having a shape formed by two or more intersecting parallel cylinders in which the screws rotate (RU 2413422, 2009).

A disadvantage of the known installation is the complexity of the design, the high cost of production and operation. Finding a cork in a high temperature zone makes it difficult to operate the plant up to a complete stop and a reboot if the feed is stopped for several tens of seconds. Difficult regulation of hydrolysis processes and it is impossible to regulate performance.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is an invention in which a unit consisting of three sections is used for processing keratin-containing raw materials: the 1st section contains an exciting hopper with screws rotating in different directions, providing preliminary grinding and heating of the raw material; Section 2 provides for further heating, compaction of the raw materials to obtain a reliable cork and more thorough grinding with the help of two or more screws rotating in the same direction; The 3rd section also contains several screws rotating in one direction, providing grinding of the raw material, heating to operating temperature and holding until the hydrolysis of the raw material is complete. At the end of the third section there is a valve, which is a device in the form of a volumetric pump, which prevents the volume boiling of liquid in the channel and lowering the temperature and ensures the output of the processed product to the atmospheric pressure zone (RU 2279810, 07.20.2006).

A known installation has the following disadvantages: the complexity and high cost of the design, high operating costs, the complexity and duration of the process of starting and stopping the installation.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the reliability of the installation while simplifying its maintenance.

The above result is achieved by the described installation for processing keratin-containing animal waste, which contains sequentially interconnected and equipped with screws feed sections, a reaction hydrolysis section and a discharge section of the processed product. In the claimed installation, the raw material supply section contains a receiving hopper with a funnel, a working device housing and a spacer, on the common axis of which a screw is installed. The housing of the working device and the spacer connecting the feed section to the receiving capacity of the reaction section, while on the inner surface of the housing of the working device there are longitudinal or screw grooves alternating with longitudinal or screw protrusions, the ratio of the width of the said grooves to the width of the said protrusions is from 60 to 1, the depth of the mentioned grooves is from 0.01 to 1.2 of the height of the auger feather, the reaction section is made in the form of a pipe equipped with means for its heating, containing along the axis of the screw, while the reaction The section is equipped with means for supplying steam, reagents and means for controlling the parameters of the hydrolysis process, a container for collecting hydrolysis products is located at the lower generatrix of the reaction section and is equipped with a cylindrical channel with a screw located in it, and an opening provided with a movable valve is made at the output end of the channel installed with the ability to withdraw the processed product into the atmospheric pressure zone.

Preferably, the outlet of the feed screw channel is in the form of a Laval nozzle.

Preferably, the screw of the feed section is made so that the arrangement of the turns of the screw in combination with the body of the screw creates a decrease in inter-turn volume by 5-19 times.

The change in inter-turn volume can be obtained in various ways or by a combination of these:

- a change in the pitch of the screw;

- a change in the volume of the internal body of the screw (conical or other surface shape);

- a change in the shape of the outer surface of the screw (conical or other surface shape);

- a change in the volume of the screw surface of the auger (thickness of the auger turn, different in length)

- addition or reduction of the number of calls of the screw.

Preferably, the screw parameters are selected so that during operation of the installation, the pressure in the feed zone is higher than the pressure in the reaction zone, and the reaction zone is not fully loaded with the processed raw materials.

Preferably, as a means of monitoring hydrolysis parameters, it comprises a thermometer and a manometer.

The proposed installation is illustrated in FIG. 1-4.

In FIG. 1 shows a general installation diagram, where:

A - feed section;

B — reaction hydrolysis section;

C - section for unloading the processed product.

In FIG. 2 shows the layout of the feed section.

Figure 3 shows the layout of the hydrolysis section.

In FIG. 4 shows the layout of the discharge section.

The legend of FIG. 2-4 are as follows:

1 - hopper;

2 - funnel;

3 - bearing assembly of the feed section;

4 - shaft of the bearing assembly of the feed section;

5 - auger feed section;

6 - case;

7 - a spacer;

8 - receiving capacity;

9 - ball valve;

10 - auger of the reaction section;

11 - a seal;

12 - bearing assembly of the reaction section;

13 - shaft of the bearing assembly of the reaction section;

14 - pipe reaction section;

15 - output capacity;

16 - thermometer;

17 - pressure gauge;

18 - auger of the unloading section of the processed product;

19 - valve body;

20 - bearing assembly of the discharge section of the processed product;

21 - movable seal;

22 - shaft of the bearing assembly of the unloading section of the processed product;

23 - transitional part;

24 - valve;

25 - earring;

26 - pneumatic cylinder.

As shown in FIG. 1, the installation consists of three sections: A is the feed section, B is the hydrolysis reaction section, and C is the discharge section of the processed product.

The installation is described below.

Through the funnel 1 to the hopper 2 serves raw materials, which are wet bristles or other keratin-containing raw materials.

When starting the installation, the shaft 4 of the screw 5 is driven into rotation by the corresponding gear motor through the bearing assembly 3. During rotation, the screw 5 moves the raw materials along the housing 6 of the working device. Longitudinal or helical grooves and protrusions on the inner surface of the housing 6 prevent the rotation of the raw material and make it move along the axis of the screw 5 and compact. In the last 2-3 turns of the screw, the raw material is compacted in the inter-turn space, completely occupies the entire volume between the protrusions on the inner surface of the housing 6. Moreover, the raw material is so compressed that it occupies the entire volume between the screw 5 and the housing 6. The compressed raw material in this volume behaves as a solid body, exerting an elastic effect on structural parts in contact with pressed raw materials. The screw shape of the auger and compressed raw materials leads to the fact that the auger raw materials work like a screw-nut: where the auger works like a screw, and the pressed raw materials like a nut. In this case, the rotation energy is realized in the translational movement of the compressed raw material along the grooves on the housing 6. The axial force from the screw to the compressed raw material reaches several hundreds and thousands of kg, and the pressure of the raw material on the walls can reach several tens and even hundreds of atmospheres. The pressure value depends on the moment developed by the drive (gear motor), the angle of inclination of the screw line of the screw and the ultimate strength of the raw material. If the pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the raw material, then the destruction of this raw material, heating of the housing due to friction and slipping of the raw material are observed. At the last turns of the screw 5, in the inner cavity of the spacer 7 and in the inner cavity of the receiving tank 8, a higher pressure is realized than the pressure in the channel of the reactor part. Therefore, steam under pressure from the reactor section cannot pass into the higher pressure zone - against the screw 5 into the feed unit. The frequency of rotation of the screw 5, you can adjust the performance of the feed unit. The resulting “plug” from pressed raw materials located in the “cold zone” holds pressure in the working part for almost unlimited time. Further, the raw material enters the reaction section, where it is hydrolyzed at a temperature of 180-230 ° C, a pressure of 1-3 MPa for 10-300 seconds. Inside the reaction part, steam (superheated steam) or water from a high pressure pump can be supplied through a ball valve installed in the lower part of the receiving tank 8. Through the same ball valve along with steam and water, additional reagents (ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) can be supplied for the reaction. The rotational speed of the screw 10 regulates the residence time of the raw materials in the reaction zone. In the reaction part (especially when steam is supplied inside), all internal parts are heated. In this section, the hydrolysis of keratin-containing raw materials and their industrial sterilization takes place. The design of the installation allows hydrolysis when the hydrolysis section is partially filled with raw materials, which makes it possible to advance the raw materials with the screw 10 along the horizontally installed pipe 14 of the hydrolysis section. The screw 10 actively mixes the raw materials, contributing to a more uniform and complete heating and increase the efficiency of interaction of the components. The auger 10 of the hydrolysis section operates as a mixer. The parameters of the chemical reaction are controlled by a manometer 17 and a thermometer 16. After the hydrolysis reaction, the processed raw materials are poured into the discharge section, through the channel, which is located at the bottom forming screw. In the channel of the unloading section of the processed product is its own screw 18, with which the finished product from the reaction section is advanced to the nose of the screw. At the right end of the screw 18 there is an opening closed by valve 24. Upon the command of the process control system, a short-term impulse is opened to the pneumatic cylinder 26. In this case, the valve 24 moves to the right along the guide sleeve and opens the hole in the adapter 23. Through this hole, under the influence of excessive pressure and the screw 18, the finished product flies into the atmospheric pressure zone into the wedge groove of the valve body 19. The valve opening time is approximately 0.1-0.5 seconds, and the time between valve operations can reach several tens of seconds and can be adjusted, which is determined by the performance and diameter of the opening. During the actuation of the valve 24 (opening the hole), the finished product flies into the atmosphere at the speed of sound with a large release of water vapor. Moreover, in the internal cavities of the reactor section and the finished product discharge section, a short-term pressure decrease is observed (less than 0.5-1 kg / cm ² for a time of about 0.5 sec). With a decrease in pressure, instantaneous boiling of superheated water occurs, water vapor is released, which in turn restores the pressure loss in the reactor part. Another function of the valve is that the valve prevents an uncontrolled increase in pressure in the hydrolysis section. When the finished product exits through the valve, its mechanical destruction and loosening are observed, because during the instant transition of a moist and superheated product into the atmosphere, its internal moisture boils in an explosion, destroying mechanical bonds. Installation can work continuously. The parameters of the working process (pressure and temperature) remain unchanged even when the feed to the processed feed is cut off (in the case of steam supply to the reactor part), because the feed unit is sealed by the feedstock itself.

The technical result, which consists in increasing the reliability of the installation and simplifying its maintenance, is achieved due to the combination of features of an independent claim, including the layout of sections containing the claimed devices with experimentally selected parameters for housings, spacers and screws. In case of non-compliance with the declared quantitative features included in the independent claim, the reliability of the installation is significantly reduced. Quantitative features included in the dependent claims provide the maximum efficiency of the installation.

The claimed result is achieved, including, for the following reasons. A “plug” of compressed raw materials formed in the feed section at the declared equipment parameters of this section completely prevents the possibility of the reaction mixture getting from the reactor section to a higher pressure zone, i.e. in the feed unit of the feedstock (against the screw). The fact that the “plug” is in the cold zone makes the installation more secure. If the compressed raw material, as in the prototype, is exposed to high temperature, the strength of the raw material in the cork is significantly reduced, and the cork material can reach the test state. Reliability of the cork from compressed raw materials is a fundamental condition for the reliability of the installation, since in the event of its destruction (decrease in the strength of the cork material), overpressure may break through from the reactor part to the hopper funnel. As a result of such a breakthrough, the installation will be disrupted. In addition, this poses a danger to maintenance personnel, as the reactor section is filled with steam, superheated water and hydrolysis products. The stability of the pressure in the reaction section, which in turn determines the stability of the hydrolysis process, depends on the strength of the “plug” made of compressed raw materials. In addition, the internal cavity in the housing of the working device for supplying raw materials, the spacer and the receiving tank in the proposed installation are not cleaned, i.e. when the installation starts, the “plug” in these cavities is saved from the previous installation launch. These cavities can be cleaned only after disassembling the installation, or you can "update" the raw materials in the cork by supplying a new portion of the feedstock even with the reaction section not working. When testing the proposed installation recorded cases of absolute tightness of the "plug" for several months after its launch. This circumstance, in addition to increasing the reliability of the installation, greatly simplifies its maintenance.

Claims (5)

1. Installation for processing keratin-containing livestock waste, containing consistently interconnected and equipped with screws feed sections, a reaction hydrolysis section and a discharge section of a processed product, characterized in that the feed section contains a receiving hopper with a funnel and a working device housing, along a common axis which are equipped with a screw and a spacer connecting the feed section to the receiving capacity of the reaction section, while on the inner surface of the housing of the working device grooves alternating with protrusions, with a ratio of the width of said grooves to the width of said protrusions equal to 60 to 1, the depth of said grooves is from 0.01 to 1.2 times the height of the screw auger, the reaction section is made in the form of a pipe equipped with means for heating it containing along the axis of the screw, while the reaction section is equipped with means for supplying reagents and means for controlling the parameters of the hydrolysis process, a container for collecting hydrolysis products is located at the end of the reaction section and is equipped with a cylindrical channel with a located in it com, wherein the exit end of said channel, an opening provided with a movable valve mounted to output the processed product in an atmospheric pressure area. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the feed auger channel is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw of the feed section is made so that the location of the turns of the screw along the length, in combination with the body of the screw, creates a 5-19-fold reduction in inter-turn volume. 4. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw parameters are selected in such a way that during operation of the installation the pressure in the feed zone is higher than the pressure in the reaction zone and incomplete loading of the reaction zone with processed raw materials. 5. Installation under item 1, characterized in that as a means of monitoring the parameters of hydrolysis, it contains a thermometer and manometer.

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