RU2647013C1 - Method of operation of the compressed-air power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-and-power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering. Method of operation of the compressed-air power station is characterized by the fact that the outgoing gases after the gas turbine enter the recovery boiler, which is a part of an additional installed waste treating circuit. One part of the steam produced by the recovery boiler is supplied for expansion and work performance into the steam turbine as part of an additional installed waste treating circuit, steam exhausted after the steam turbine is sent to the condenser, the condensate from the condenser is pumped to the recovery boiler by a condensate pump. Other part of the steam generated by the recovery boiler is supplied for injection into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, thereby increasing the consumption of combustion products through the flowing part of the gas turbine. Compressed air is heated in the regenerator, with the exhaust gases after the recovery boiler. Invention makes provides increased electric power of the compressed-air power station by increasing the electric power of the steam turbine as part of an additional installed waste treating circuit, using the excess heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine, and also by increasing the power of the gas turbine by injecting a portion of the steam, produced by the recovery boiler as part of an additional installed waste treating circuit using the excess heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine.

EFFECT: invention makes provides increased electric power of the compressed-air power station by increasing the electric power of the steam turbine as part of an additional installed waste treating circuit.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to devices for generating electricity when covering a variable load of power consumption based on air energy storage technology and can be used in power engineering.

There are various schemes of air-accumulating gas turbine power plants (VAGTE) that realize the possibility of using the electricity generated at night to cover peak loads. The VAGTE compressor group is driven by an electric motor that consumes low-cost electricity. Air is pumped into the air accumulator, where its energy is stored. At peak hours, air is taken from the air accumulator, heated by burning fuel, and expanded in a turbine rotating an electric generator. As is known, the exhaust gases of a gas turbine have a significant energy potential, which is not fully used in the known AHTEG schemes.

There is a known method of operation of VAGTE [Olkhovsky G.G. etc. Air-accumulating gas turbine power plants (VAGTE). M .: Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkina, 2011, Fig. 3.1], containing a compressor group consisting of high and low pressure compressors pumping air with a pressure of 6-7 MPa into an underground air accumulator. During the discharge period, air is supplied to a gas turbine with a pressure of 4.2 MPa, which is maintained constant at a varying pressure in the accumulator. The flue gases after the gas turbine are released into the atmosphere.

The disadvantage of this method is the relatively high temperature of the exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the installation.

There is a known method of operation of VAGTE [Olkhovsky G.G. etc. Air-accumulating gas turbine power plants (VAGTE). M .: Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkina, 2011, p. 131, Fig. 3.9], which is a circuit with an underground constant pressure accumulator, which is supported by a column of liquid connecting the underground tank with a body of water located on the surface. When air is consumed, water fills the battery; when charging, it is forced into the pond. In the period of a decrease in the electrical load in compressors of low, medium and high pressure, the air taken from the environment is compressed, it is cooled in the intermediate air coolers by circulating water from the cooling tower. After the high-pressure compressor, the compressed air is also cooled in the end cooler by circulating water from the tower to 60 ° C and sent to the air accumulator. During the rise of the electrical load, the compressed air is directed to a gas turbine regenerator. Heated compressed air in the regenerator is sent to a high-pressure combustion chamber, mixed with fuel and an increased volume of combustion products is fed into the flow part of a high-pressure gas turbine (HPT). From the high pressure fuel, the combustion products are sent to the low-pressure combustion chamber, mixed again with the fuel and fed to the flow part of the low-pressure gas turbine (LPT). The disadvantage of this method is a sufficiently large amount of heat of the exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere, which could be disposed of in order to further increase the efficiency of the installation.

Known methods of operation of VAGTE [Olkhovsky G.G. etc. Air-accumulating gas turbine power plants (VAGTE). M .: Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkina, 2011, Fig. 3.17, 3.18, 4.1, 4.5, 7.1], also containing a regenerator in which the air coming from the air accumulator is heated by the exhaust gases of a gas turbine. Heated air in the regenerator is fed into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, thereby saving fuel burned. The disadvantage of these methods is a sufficiently large amount of heat of the exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere, which could be disposed of in order to further increase the efficiency of the installation.

Known methods of operation of VAGTE [Olkhovsky G.G. etc. Air-accumulating gas turbine power plants (VAGTE). M .: Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkina, 2011, Fig. 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 5.1a, 5.1b] containing a turbo-expansion air turbine. Compressed air from the air accumulator in the generation mode is heated in the exhaust gas generator of the gas turbine, expanded in the air turbine expansion turbine with the generation of additional electric energy, and then used in the gas turbine unit (GTU) circuit. The exhaust gases after gas turbine are emitted into the atmosphere.

The disadvantage of these methods is the reduced temperature of the air cooled in the turbo expander, which is then used in the gas turbine combustion chamber, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the production of peak energy based on accumulated air.

One of the methods to increase the efficiency of electricity production based on the excess heat of the combustion products of a gas turbine installation is the injection of water vapor into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

A known method of operation of a gas turbine installation with steam injection [patent for the invention No. 2527010, IPC F02C 3/30. Gas turbine unit with water vapor injection / Ivanov A.A.]. A gas turbine unit with water vapor injection into a gas turbine circuit contains a compressor for compressing air, a fuel pump, means for supplying fuel, a combustion chamber, where compressed air and fuel are supplied and where they are mixed, ignited and burned, a gas turbine, an electric generator for generating electricity, mechanical means for transferring mechanical energy from the turbine to the compressor and the rotation of the generator, a waste heat boiler designed to heat the supplied water and received steam due to the heat of the combustion products, a steam injection system into the combustion chamber, an additional substance supply system to accelerate the combustion of fuel and products of its high-temperature transformations (combustion activator), and a system for mixing the combustion activator with water vapor injected into the combustion chamber. The invention allows to accelerate the combustion process, increase the completeness of methane combustion, increase the efficiency of gas turbines, reduce harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, increase the specific power of gas turbines, and reduce the specific fuel consumption in gas turbines.

However, this method is intended only for gas turbine plants in which the compression cycles in the compressor, combustion in the combustion chamber and expansion in the gas turbine are not separated in time, and is not intended for air-accumulating gas turbine power plants in which the compression cycles in the compressor take place during the daily decrease in electric load, and combustion cycles in the combustion chamber and expansion in a gas turbine - during the period of daily rise in electric energy, i.e. The cycles of compression, combustion and production are separated in time. In addition, the possibility of generating electricity by a steam turbine installation, achieved by passing steam into the steam turbine produced by the recovery boiler after utilizing the excess heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine, was not considered.

Another way to increase the efficiency of electricity production based on the excess heat of the combustion products of a gas turbine plant is to combine gas and steam cycles.

Combined steam-gas schemes are known in which GTU exhaust gases are sent to a waste heat boiler, where a significant part of the heat is transferred to the steam-water working fluid and steam is generated that enters the steam turbine [Andryushchenko A.I., Lapshov V.N. Combined cycle plants of power plants. M-L .: Energy, 1965, fig. 1.9, 1.10, 7.11 b], [Arseniev L.V. and others. Combined installations with gas turbines. L .: Engineering, 1982, Fig. 11.1 a, b, c], [Tsanev S.V. etc. Gas-turbine and combined-cycle plants of thermal power plants. M .: MPEI, 2002, Fig. 8.1]. Combined cycle plants with a recovery boiler are simple and highly efficient in the production of electrical energy.

A disadvantage of the known methods is that there is no possibility of accumulation of compressed air by the compressor during the hours of failure of the electric load in order to further use it in a gas turbine during the peak of the electric load.

A known method of operation of a gas turbine power plant [DE 3331153, cl. F02C 3/14, 03/14/1985, FIG. 3], related to installations of the binary type, in which the exhaust gases after the gas turbine 24 enter the waste heat boilers 34 and 38, made in the form of a single integrated unit. The steam generated by the recovery boiler 34 is supplied for expansion and operation to the steam turbine 110, and the steam generated by the recovery boiler 38 is divided into two streams. One part of this flow is directed to the steam turbine 110. Condensate from the condenser 84 by the condensate pump 88 is pumped to the recovery boilers 34 and 38. The other part of the steam generated by the recovery boiler 38 is supplied for injection into the combustion chamber 10 in front of the gas turbine 24, thereby increase the consumption of combustion products through the flow part of the gas turbine flue gases.

The disadvantage of this method is that there is no possibility of accumulation of compressed air by the compressor during hours of failure of the electric load with a view to its further use in a gas turbine during the peak of the electric load.

The closest technical solution (analog) is the method of operation of an air-accumulating gas turbine installation [patent for invention No. 2529615, IPC F01K 25/06. The method of energy storage / Stolyarevsky A.Ya.]. Compressed air, as well as gaseous fuel, is supplied to the power plant from the storage, the combustion products of which are used during periods of increasing power supply load for a gas turbine drive of the motor generator, which during periods of failure of the power supply is used to compress air and pump it into the compressed air storage, at least part of the compressed air taken from the compressed air storage is used to conduct steam-air conversion of natural gas in an adiabatic conversion reactor, whose products t during periods of increasing load of the power grid for burning compressed air in a stream to produce combustion products supplied for expansion into the gas turbine drive of the motor generator, and then for cooling in a water steam generator, from which the generated steam is mixed with compressed air before natural-air steam conversion gas. The method allows, by utilizing the thermal energy of the combustion products in the steam generator and using compressed air stored in the storage due to the failed electricity, to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas mixture with a high hydrogen content, the combustion of which increases the power of the gas turbine in peak mode and reduces emissions of harmful substances.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that it is applicable only to air-accumulating plants incorporating an adiabatic conversion reactor for conducting steam-air conversion of natural gas. In addition, the possibility of generating electricity by a steam turbine installation, achieved by passing steam into the steam turbine produced by the steam generator after utilizing the excess heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine in order to increase the efficiency of air-accumulating installations, was not considered.

The technical problem is the insufficient efficiency of the air-accumulating gas turbine power plant, namely, the excess heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine is not used to generate additional electric power and increase the efficiency of the air-accumulating gas turbine power plant.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that in the method of operation of an air-accumulating gas-turbine power plant, which allows during the period of a daily rise in electric load to make maximum use of the heat of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine to generate steam in an additionally installed waste-heat boiler, part of the steam produced by an additionally installed waste-heat boiler send to an additionally installed steam turbine, another part of the steam to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, flue gases from the additionally installed claimed HRSG send to a regenerator for heating the air after the air battery, thereby to develop additional electrical power and enhance efficiency of the air-accumulating gas turbine power plant.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that in the method of operation of an air-accumulating gas-turbine power plant during a daily decline in electric load, the compressor compressed air is supplied to an air accumulator, during a daily rise in electric load, the air is mixed in the combustion chamber with fuel and sent to expand and perform work to a gas turbine, the exhaust gases after the gas turbine are sent to an additionally installed waste heat boiler, one part of the waste heat boiler generated steam is fed to expand and do work in the steam turbine is further installed, another part of the steam fed to the gas turbine combustor.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in increasing the electric power of an air-accumulating gas turbine power plant by increasing the electric power of a steam turbine, as part of an additionally installed recycling circuit using excess heat from the exhaust gases of a gas turbine, and also by increasing the power of a gas turbine by injecting a part steam produced by the recovery boiler as part of an additionally installed recovery circuit, using uyuschego waste heat of the gas turbine exhaust gases, which generally increases the peak-efficiency power generation air turbine power accumulating at a constant flow of air accumulated.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved due to the method of operation of an air-accumulating gas-turbine power plant, which consists in increasing the electric power of an air-accumulating gas-turbine power plant by generating electricity from a steam-turbine plant, as part of an additionally installed recycling circuit, achieved by passing part of the steam produced by the recovery boiler to the steam turbine after utilizing the excess heat of the flue gases of the gas turbine, as well as means for increasing the electric power of the gas turbine, achieved by increasing the amount of combustion products through the flow part of the gas turbine after the injection of the steam produced by the recovery boiler after utilizing the excess heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine. As a result of the proposed method increases the electric power, efficiency and specific energy production per unit flow rate of the accumulated air of an air-accumulating gas turbine power plant.

The invention is illustrated using the drawing, which shows a diagram of an air-accumulating gas turbine power plant that implements the inventive method.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - compressor;

2 - air cooler;

3 - electric motor;

4, 6 - pipelines of compressed air;

5 - air battery;

7 - regenerator;

8 - combustion chamber;

9 - gas turbine;

10 - electric generator of a gas turbine;

11 - flue gas duct of a gas turbine;

12 - waste heat boiler;

13 - steam line;

14 - steam turbine;

15 - steam injection pipe;

16 - electric generator of a steam turbine;

17 - capacitor;

18 - condensate pump;

19 - flue gas duct of the waste heat boiler;

20 - additionally installed recycling circuit.

Installation for implementing the proposed method includes: a compressor 1, connected through a pipeline of compressed air 4, pre-cooled in an air cooler 2, with an air battery 5; an electric motor 3 driving a compressor 1; a regenerator 7, connected to the combustion chamber 8 through a compressed air pipe 6 with an air accumulator 5, through a flue gas duct of a recovery boiler 19 with a recovery boiler 12, which is part of an additionally installed recovery circuit 20; a gas turbine 9 connected by a flue gas duct of the gas turbine 11 to a recovery boiler 12; an electric generator of a gas turbine 10 driven by a gas turbine 10; a steam injection line of steam 15 injected into the combustion chamber 8 connected to the recovery boiler 12; steam line 13 from the recovery boiler 12 to the steam turbine 14, which is part of an additionally installed recovery circuit 20; an electric generator of a steam turbine 16 driven by a steam turbine 14; a condenser 17, which is connected by an exhaust pipe to a steam turbine 14; condensate pump 18 for pumping condensate into a waste heat boiler 12.

The proposed method of operation of an air-accumulating gas turbine power plant is as follows.

During the recession of the electrical load, the compressor 1 is driven by an electric motor 3, consuming electricity from the network.

Compressed air by compressor 1 is supplied via compressed air pipe 4 to air accumulator 5, after being cooled in air cooler 5.

During the rise of the electric load, compressed air from the air accumulator 5 is sent through the compressed air pipe 6, heated in the regenerator 7 and sent to the combustion chamber 8 of the gas turbine 9. In the combustion chamber 8, the heated compressed air is mixed with fuel and injected steam, the resulting combustion products are fed into a gas turbine 9 for expansion and execution of work. The gas turbine 9 drives the electric generator of the gas turbine 10, generating electricity.

The combustion products after the gas turbine 9 through the exhaust gas duct of the gas turbine 11 are sent to the waste heat boiler 12, which is part of an additionally installed recycling circuit 20, where steam is generated in it by using the heat of the combustion products of the fuel. One part of this steam stream is sent through a steam line 13 to a steam turbine 14, which is part of an additionally installed recovery circuit 20, which drives the electric generator of the steam turbine 16, which generates electricity. Another part of the steam flow through the steam injection pipe 15 to the combustion chamber 8 to increase the amount of combustion products and increase the electric power of the gas turbine 9. The spent steam of the steam turbine 14 is sent through the exhaust pipe to the condenser 17. The condensate from the condenser 17 is pumped through the condensate pump 18 to the waste heat boiler 12. The flue gases of the waste heat boiler 12 are sent through the exhaust gas duct of the waste heat boiler 19 to the regenerator 7 for heating the compressed air coming from the air accumulator 5 to 8 Yeru combustion gas turbine 9 to generate electric power during the rise of the electrical load.

As an example, we consider the method of operation of an air-accumulating gas turbine power plant for the following conditions.

VAGTE includes a constant pressure air accumulator, into which air is supplied with a pressure of 6.6 MPa. The air flow rate from the air accumulator is 150 kg / s, the air pressure in front of the combustion chamber is 5.5 MPa; the temperature of the combustion products in front of the gas turbine adopted 900 ° C. The operation time of the AHTFE in the charging mode is 4 hours / day, in the discharge mode - 6 hours / day.

The table shows the calculations of the VAGTE schemes using the exhaust gases of a gas turbine to heat the air in the regenerator and using the exhaust gases of a gas turbine in an additionally installed recycling circuit.

As can be seen, the use of the heat of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine in an additionally installed recycling circuit as part of a recovery boiler and a steam turbine, as well as the injection of steam into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, leads to an increase in electric power by 20.5%; electrical efficiency - by 12.2%; specific energy production per unit consumption of accumulated air - by 14.3%.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows you to:

- increase the efficiency of the production of peak electricity with a constant flow of accumulated air;

- increasing the electric power of the air-accumulating gas turbine power plant due to the electric power of the steam turbine as part of an additionally installed recycling circuit using excess heat from the exhaust gases of the gas turbine;

- increasing the electric power of the air-accumulating gas turbine power plant by increasing the electric power of the gas turbine by injecting part of the steam produced by the recovery boiler as part of an additionally installed recovery circuit using excess heat from the exhaust gases of the gas turbine;

- heating the exhaust gas of the recovery boiler as part of an additionally installed recycling circuit of compressed air after the air accumulator, which is sent during the rise of the electric load to perform work in a gas turbine.

Claims (1)

The method of operation of an air-accumulating gas turbine power plant, characterized in that during the period of a decrease in the electric load, air taken from the environment is compressed in the compressor, pre-cooled and fed to the air accumulator; during the rise of the electric load, compressed air is directed from the air accumulator to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, preheated in a regenerator, characterized in that the exhaust gases after the gas turbine enter the recovery boiler, which is part of an additionally installed recovery circuit, one part of the generated by the boiler the steam utilizer is then fed to expand and perform work in a steam turbine as part of an additionally installed recovery circuit, worked out after steam steam turbine steam sent to the condenser, condensate from the condenser is pumped to the recovery boiler by a condensate pump; another part of the steam generated by the recovery boiler is supplied for injection into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, thereby increasing the consumption of combustion products through the flow part of the gas turbine, and the exhaust air is heated by the exhaust gases from the recovery boiler.

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