CN109681325B - Natural gas-supercritical CO2 combined cycle power generation process - Google Patents
Natural gas-supercritical CO2 combined cycle power generation process Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
- F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
The invention provides natural gas-supercritical CO2The combined cycle power generation process comprises the steps that pressurized air after cold exchange enters an air separation device, liquid oxygen is used for combustion power generation, and liquid nitrogen is used for expansion and vaporization power generation and is used as a coolant to exchange heat with the pressurized air; the natural gas, oxygen and circulating water steam enter a gas turbine together to be combusted to push a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, the gas compressor compresses air to 0.5-0.8MPa, and the generator generates electric power; high temperature combustion flue gas re-supercritical CO2Generating power with pressurized liquid oxygen as coolant; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to generate circulating water vapor, and the cooled flue gas is dehydrated and distilled to separate CO2Part of water is pressurized and returned to generate high-pressure steam for circulating and being used for combustion temperature control of gas turbine, and CO2The product is sold for the outside.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides full natural gas-supercritical CO2A combined cycle power generation process belongs to the field of natural gas utilization.
Background
The natural gas is used as one of main clean energy sources in the world, is convenient to use and is particularly suitable for being used as distributed energy sources and gas power generation. Almost no dust (PM2.5) is discharged from the natural gas for combustion, and SO is generated2Extremely low emission, NO after passing through a low-nitrogen burner and a flue gas denitration devicexVery low emission of CO2The gas emission of the isothermal chamber is about half of that of a coal-fired power plant, and the environmental protection advantage is very prominent.
The natural gas burning power generation conventionally adopts a gas-steam combined cycle mode, the combined cycle power generation is composed of a Brayton cycle and a Rankine cycle, the inlet temperature of a gas turbine can reach above 1300 ℃, the exhaust temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the simple cycle thermal efficiency is as high as 45-50%; the waste heat boiler is used for further recovering waste heat and improving heat efficiency, and is generally a double-pressure or three-pressure system. Particularly, the heat efficiency of the modern large 9F-grade gas-steam combined cycle power generation reaches 58% -60%, and is far higher than that of coal-fired power generation. The thermal efficiency of the coal-fired generating set is generally 46% -48% even if the ultra supercritical 600 MW-level and 1000 MW-level units are adopted, and the difference of the generating thermal efficiency of the two types of units is 10-20%.
The conventional natural gas combined power generation process is that an air compressor sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial-flow type air compressor to be pressurized to 2.8MPa, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased; excess 2.8MPa compressed air is pumped into a combustion chamber and mixed with the injected natural gas to be combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas; then the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters a turbine to do work through expansion, the turbine is pushed to drive a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical energy of the natural gas is partially converted into mechanical work and the electric work is output is achieved; high-temperature combustion flue gas passes through a waste heat steam boiler to obtain high-pressure steam for a steam turbine to generate electricity, and finally the flue gas is discharged out in an ultralow emission standard after being denitrated; the peak shaving is adjusted by the gas turbine load change. Thus, the gas turbine converts the chemical energy of the fuel into thermal energy and also converts part of the thermal energy into mechanical energy. In a gas turbine, a compressor is driven by a gas turbine to perform work through expansion, and the compressor is a load of the turbine. In a simple cycle, about 1/2 to 2/3 of mechanical work from the turbine is used to drive the compressor, and the remaining about 1/3 of mechanical work is used to drive the generator. When the gas turbine is started, external power is firstly needed, a starter generally drives the gas compressor, and the gas turbine can not work independently until the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine is greater than the mechanical power consumed by the gas compressor and the external starter is tripped. However, CO exists in the existing natural gas combined power generation technology2High trapping and utilizing cost, high water consumption, low power generation efficiency, high exhaust gas temperature, difficult NOx reduction and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide natural gas-supercritical CO for overcoming the defects of the traditional natural gas combined power generation technology2The combined cycle power generation technology solves the problems of high water consumption and low power generation efficiency of the existing natural gas combined power generation technology; but also can greatly reduce the load of the gas compressor and realize low-cost CO2Trapping and utilizing, no ambient temperature emission of Nox, and greatly improving the generating efficiency.
Technical scheme of the invention
The invention aims to use liquid oxygen separated by air for natural gas combustion power generation, use liquid nitrogen for expansion power generation and refrigeration, use high-temperature flue gas waste heat for supercritical CO2Power generation, steam feeding back to gas turbine for cyclic temperature control, primary liquid oxygen for supercritical CO2Coolant and secondary liquid oxygen for power generation are used for flue gas coolant fractional cooling dehydration and CO2The coupling of series technologies such as separation, recovery and purification improves the efficiency of natural gas combined power generation, and realizes clean and efficient power generation without NOx pollution, low water consumption and full carbon recovery. The device is characterized in that an air compressor sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial flow type air compressor to be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased for preheating part of pressurized liquid oxygen; the pressurized air of 0.5-0.8MPa after cold exchange enters an air separation device for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the pumped pressurized liquid oxygen is used for heat exchange and natural gas combustion power generation, and the pumped pressurized liquid nitrogen expands and vaporizes to push a nitrogen turbine generator to generate power; the high-pressure vaporized oxygen, circulating water vapor and the sprayed natural gas are mixed and combusted in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, then high-temperature and high-pressure combustion flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, the turbine is pushed to drive the compressor and the generator to rotate together at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical energy of the natural gas is partially converted into mechanical work and the electric work is output is achieved; passing the high-temperature combustion flue gas through supercritical CO2Supercritical CO (carbon monoxide) by heat exchange of heat exchanger2Generating electricity by using pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen as coolant and supercritical CO after cooling2Pressurizing by a high-pressure pump for closed cycle; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchanges heat with secondary pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid flue gas after the dehydration of the cooled flue gas is separated by a distillation tower to recover CO2And (3) as a product for sale, pressurizing part of dehydrated water by a water pump to obtain high-pressure water, discharging the rest water, and vaporizing pressurized liquid oxygen to obtain high-pressure oxygen and sending the high-pressure oxygen to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
The air separation is one of the cascade air separation combining the cryogenic air separation, the pressure swing adsorption separation and the cryogenic separation and the cascade air separation combining the membrane separation and the cryogenic separation.
Supercritical CO2The power generation is supercritical CO with simple heat regeneration, recompression cycle, segmented expansion cycle, pre-compression cycle and partial cooling cycle2One of the power generation modes.
The mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water vapor is 1: 2-12.
Supercritical CO2The pressure is 7.0-40 MPa.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Drawings
The attached drawing is a process schematic diagram of the invention.
The drawings of the drawings are set forth below:
1. an air separation device 2, a natural gas pressure tank 3, a compressor 4 and supercritical CO2Heat exchanger 5, generator 6, cooler 7, supercritical CO2Pump 8, supercritical CO2A turbine generator 9, a gas turbine 10, an expansion vaporization heat exchanger 11, a nitrogen turbine generator 12, a distillation tower 13, an air-liquid oxygen heat exchanger 14, a primary liquid oxygen heat exchanger 15, and supercritical CO2A regenerator 16, a high-pressure water heat exchanger 17, a water pump 18, a liquid nitrogen pump 19 and a liquid oxygen pump.
The process features of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment, an air compressor (3) of a gas turbine sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial flow type air compressor (3) to be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa, meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased, and the air is used for preheating liquid oxygen by an air-liquid oxygen heat exchanger (13); the pressurized air of 0.5-0.8MPa after the cold exchange through the expansion vaporization heat exchanger (10) enters an air separation device (1) for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid oxygen is pressurized by a liquid oxygen pump (18) and is used for pressurizing air and supercritical CO2The heat exchange with the flue gas and the natural gas combustion power generation are carried out, pressurized liquid nitrogen sent by a liquid nitrogen pump (19) pushes a nitrogen turbine generator (11) to generate power through expansion vaporization, and the pressurized liquid nitrogen is used as a pressurized air coolant and discharged after heat exchange through an expansion vaporization heat exchanger (10); pressurized air, supercritical CO2High-pressure oxygen after heat exchange and vaporization with flue gas and circulationThe annular water vapor and the natural gas sprayed from the natural gas pressure tank (2) are mixed and combusted in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (9), then high-temperature and high-pressure combustion flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, the turbine is pushed to drive a gas compressor (3) and a generator (5) to rotate together at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical function part of the natural gas is converted into mechanical work and electric work is output is achieved; passing the high-temperature combustion flue gas through supercritical CO2The heat exchanger (4) exchanges heat to carry out supercritical CO2Generating power, wherein the coolant in the first-stage liquid oxygen heat exchanger (14) is partial first-stage pressurized liquid oxygen, and supercritical CO is generated after cooling2Pressurized by a high-pressure pump (7) through supercritical CO2Regenerator (15) and supercritical CO2The heat exchanger (4) forms a closed cycle; the medium temperature flue gas and high pressure water exchange heat through a high pressure water heat exchanger (16) to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchange heat with second-stage pressurized liquid oxygen through a cooler (6), and the liquid flue gas after the cooled flue gas is dehydrated is separated through a distillation tower (12) to recover CO2And as a product for sale, part of the dehydrated water is pressurized by a water pump (17) to obtain high-pressure water, the rest water is discharged outside, and pressurized liquid oxygen is vaporized to obtain high-pressure oxygen which is sent to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (9).
The air separation is one of the cascade air separation combining the cryogenic air separation, the pressure swing adsorption separation and the cryogenic separation and the cascade air separation combining the membrane separation and the cryogenic separation.
Supercritical CO2The power generation is supercritical CO with simple heat regeneration, recompression cycle, segmented expansion cycle, pre-compression cycle and partial cooling cycle2One of the power generation modes.
The mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water vapor is 1: 2-12.
Supercritical CO2The pressure is 7.0-40 MPa.
The heat exchange sequence of the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen can be changed.
The natural gas-supercritical CO provided by the invention2According to an Aspen simulation result, the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen low-energy pumping pressurization of an air separation device is used for reducing the compression of the conventional air compressor from about 2.8MPa to 0.5-0.8MPa so that the energy consumption of the natural gas turbine for the air compressor is 1/2-2 ^ based on the energy consumption of the natural gas turbine for the air compressor3, the content is reduced to about 10 percent; the natural gas and the high-pressure steam are mixed with oxygen to support combustion for power generation, the specific volume of the flue gas is increased, and the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine is relatively improved; high temperature flue gas supercritical CO2The power generation and water heat exchange for preparing circulating water vapor and the liquid oxygen heat exchange vaporization form a combined system, the exhaust gas temperature is reduced from about 140 ℃ to about 60 ℃, the energy recovery rate is greatly improved, and the flue gas is easy to dehydrate and separate at low cost to obtain CO2，CO2The trapping energy consumption is greatly reduced; the working medium of the combustion generated water part circulating for gas turbine control temperature and waste heat power generation adopts supercritical CO2The problem of high water consumption of natural gas power generation is solved, and the method is particularly suitable for water-deficient areas in northwest China; the gas turbine is used for oxygen combustion supporting and water vapor circulation temperature control, NOx emission of flue gas of the existing natural gas power plant is avoided, smoke emission is greatly reduced, and clean and efficient natural gas full-carbon recovery power generation is realized; meanwhile, the nitrogen vaporization expansion turbine generator generates electricity and is used for air separation air refrigeration, and the supercritical CO is added2And water circulation and pumping and pressurizing of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen greatly reduce the internal energy consumption of the system, and the net power generation efficiency of the system is more than 80%.
Claims (4)
1. Natural gas-supercritical CO2The combined cycle power generation process is technically characterized in that an air compressor sucks air from an external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial-flow type air compressor to be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased for preheating part of pressurized liquid oxygen; the pressurized air of 0.5-0.8MPa after cold exchange enters an air separation device for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the pumped pressurized liquid oxygen is used for heat exchange and natural gas combustion power generation, and the pumped pressurized liquid nitrogen expands and vaporizes to push a nitrogen turbine generator to generate power; mixing and burning the high-pressure vaporized oxygen, the circulating water steam and the sprayed natural gas in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, wherein the mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water steam is 1: 2-12; then the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion flue gas enters a turbine to expand and do work, the turbine is pushed to drive a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical energy of natural gas is partially converted into mechanical work and the electric work is output is achieved; passing the high-temperature combustion flue gas through supercritical CO2Supercritical CO (carbon monoxide) by heat exchange of heat exchanger2Generating electricity by using pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen as coolant and supercritical CO after cooling2Pressurizing by a high-pressure pump for closed cycle; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchanges heat with secondary pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid flue gas after the dehydration of the cooled flue gas is separated by a distillation tower to recover CO2And (3) as a product for sale, pressurizing part of dehydrated water by a water pump to obtain high-pressure water, discharging the rest water, and vaporizing pressurized liquid oxygen to obtain high-pressure oxygen and sending the high-pressure oxygen to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
2. The natural gas-supercritical CO of claim 12The combined cycle power generation process is characterized in that the air separation is one of a step air separation combining cryogenic air separation, pressure swing adsorption separation and cryogenic separation and a step air separation combining membrane separation and cryogenic separation.
3. The natural gas-supercritical CO of claim 12Combined cycle power generation process characterized by supercritical CO2The power generation is supercritical CO with simple heat regeneration, recompression cycle, segmented expansion cycle, pre-compression cycle and partial cooling cycle2One of the power generation modes.
4. The natural gas-supercritical CO of claim 12Combined cycle power generation process characterized by supercritical CO2The pressure is 7.0-40 MPa.
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