CN111894735B - Hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method without NOx emission - Google Patents
Hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method without NOx emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN111894735B CN111894735B CN202010649673.5A CN202010649673A CN111894735B CN 111894735 B CN111894735 B CN 111894735B CN 202010649673 A CN202010649673 A CN 202010649673A CN 111894735 B CN111894735 B CN 111894735B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
Abstract
The invention designs a combined cycle poly-generation method of a hydrogen gas turbine without NOx emission, which consists of a Brayton cycle and a Rankine cycle. The invention is mainly directed to H2Or a CxHyOz type nitrogen free fuel. Using CO2Substitution of N2High purity O prepared by air separation2Form CO with2And O2The circulating flue gas is the main component. Using split gas turbine, burning to produce high-temperature flue gas, and separating H by condensation2And O, recycling the flue gas, realizing the continuous operation of the hydrogen gas turbine, and avoiding the thermal NOx problem caused by conventional air combustion. As the flue gas is required to be condensed, Rankine cycle and deep flue gas waste heat utilization are used in a matched manner. The key equipment or unit comprises air separation oxygen generation and storage, and CO2Regeneration and storage, split type gas turbine, waste heat boiler with afterburning function, Rankine cycle and equipment, condensation heat exchanger, flue gas recirculation and regulation and control, N2A utilization unit, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a hydrogen energy power generation and poly-generation system without NOx emission based on a gas turbine, relates to a split type gas turbine of hydrogen and a matched flue gas circulation and regulation and control technology, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of hydrogen fuel.
Background
Hydrogen energy is a clean secondary energy source. With the maturity of scale hydrogen production by reforming fossil fuel and the mature technology of efficient hydrogen production by hydrolysis, the hydrogen energy industry chain and various links thereof are developed vigorously. In terms of terminal utilization, the way hydrogen is utilized is hydrogen fuel cell technology. However, the technology has the defects of high hydrogen storage pressure, noble metal consumption and low power density, and is not very suitable for the field of power generation.
Hydrogen can also be used as internal combustion engine (CN 10722)1959A) And a rotor engine (CN 110509783A), but the output power of the two devices is small, so that the device is suitable for the fields of freight vehicles or passenger vehicles and is not suitable for power generation or multi-supply systems. In addition, hydrogen-based internal combustion engines and rotary engines may produce NOx emissions, partially offsetting H2The cleaning advantage of (1).
The gas turbine follows the Brayton cycle principle, and has the advantages of few moving parts, simple and compact structure, high combustion efficiency and high power density. The combined cycle system is combined with Rankine cycle to form the combined cycle system, has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, can realize cogeneration, and is suitable for the fields of power generation and regional comprehensive energy. Hydrogen is an ideal alternative fuel for gas turbines due to its high heating value, carbon-free and nitrogen-free fuel properties. However, conventional gas turbines use air as the oxidant and thermal NOx pollutants are still formed at high temperatures. This is an emission disadvantage of hydrogen gas turbines compared to the non-NOx emission characteristic of hydrogen fuel cell technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the application of hydrogen energy in power generation or a comprehensive energy system and avoid the problem of generating NOx in the combustion work-doing process of a gas turbine, the invention provides a hydrogen-gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method without NOx emission, which adopts CO2Substitution of N2The hydrogen combined cycle power generation and poly-generation system and the operation method thereof. Meanwhile, in order to overcome the high energy consumption in the processes of air separation and the like, a perfect and effective energy recovery method is implemented on the system, the overall high energy conversion efficiency is realized in a combined heat and power mode, or the overall economic benefit is improved in a combined heat and power and nitrogen mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method without NOx emission, which uses H2Or CxHyOz type gas-liquid nitrogen-free fuel, and high-purity O prepared by air separation2As an oxidant, with CO2To substitute N2The smoke is taken as circulating smoke and enters a split type gas turbine to be combusted, work is done and power is generated, and the main component generated is CO2、O2、H2Recovering heat in the high-temperature flue gas of O by a waste heat boiler (HRSG) and enabling the high-temperature flue gas to be used as fuelThe Rankine cycle is used for power generation or cogeneration, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved; deeply cooling the fume exhausted from afterheat boiler to condense most of its water vapor, release heat and separate out CO2And O2The cold flue gas as the main component returns to the split type gas turbine through recirculation and pressurization to form closed circulation; in addition, the high purity and high pressure N generated by air separation is utilized2The nitrogen is used as a nitrogen raw material, or the expansion generator is used for generating electricity, or the expansion refrigeration principle is utilized for carrying out cold and power cogeneration, so that the electricity-heat/cold-N is integrally formed2A polygeneration system.
O separated from air2The purity is above 95%, and the oxygen production amount under the normal operation state is the theoretical oxygen consumption amount of combustion.
The split gas turbine has the initial combustion temperature of 1200-1700 ℃, the oxygen surplus coefficient of 2.0-3.6 and O in the combusted flue gas2Concentration of 9.9-22.7 mol%, CO2The concentration is 77.3-90.1 mol%, and the exhaust temperature is lower than 900 ℃.
The high-temperature flue gas is recycled, and the main component is CO2The concentration range is 62.3-87.4 mol%, the high-temperature flue gas circulation adopts a micro-positive pressure mode, and the pressure is not lower than 500 Pa.g.
The pressure is not lower than 1kPa.g and the temperature is not higher than 40 ℃ during condensation; and meanwhile, a dryer is arranged to accurately control the moisture content of the flue gas under fault working conditions or specific operation, and the dew point of the circulating flue gas is ensured to be at least 5 ℃ lower than the lowest temperature of the operating state.
Using multisource CO2A supplement and storage unit for operating the CO in the start-up or fault phase according to two modes of start-up supplement and operation supplement2Performing rapid replenishment of CO2The sources include four types: high purity CO supplied from outside2In situ air capture of extracted CO2(ii) a CO obtained by flue gas separation2(ii) a CO generated by combustion of CxHyOz type gas-liquid nitrogen-free fuel2。
The device applied to the method comprises a hydrogen fuel regulating unit, a split gas turbine, an air separating and storing unit, a waste heat boiler, a Rankine cycle unit, a condensing heat exchanger, a flue gas circulating unit and a heat exchangerRegulating and controlling unit, CO2A regeneration and storage unit and a nitrogen utilization unit; the hydrogen fuel adjusting unit is connected with a combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine; according to the smoke trend, a split type gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a condensation heat exchanger, a smoke circulation and regulation unit and CO2The regeneration and storage unit forms a closed loop; the combustion chamber of the split gas turbine is connected with the air separation and storage unit; the waste heat boiler is connected with the Rankine cycle unit and is provided with a fuel inlet; the flue gas circulation and regulation unit comprises a diffusion air door VEThe dryer DR, the second gas compressor B and the flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer PFV are sequentially connected according to the direction of flue gas, and one path of the second gas compressor is directly connected with CO2The regeneration and storage unit is connected, the other path is connected with a combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine, and the flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer is connected with the combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine; CO 22The regeneration and storage unit comprises flue gas CO2Separation device CS, high pressure CO2Storage and potentiostat CPV and air extraction CO2The device CSA is mainly used for supplementing and regulating CO for circulating flue gas2The concentration and supplement point is arranged in front of or behind the second air compressor; flue gas CO2The separation device is connected with the combustion chamber of the split gas turbine, and is also provided with an impurity gas outlet and high-pressure CO2The storage and voltage stabilizer CPV is provided with a carbon dioxide inlet and is also connected with the air separation and storage unit; the air separation and storage unit comprises a first air compressor A, an air separation oxygen generation device AS and an oxygen storage container OPV; the first air compressor is connected with an air separation oxygen generation device AS, the air separation oxygen generation device AS is connected with an oxygen storage container OPV, and the air separation oxygen generation device AS is also connected with a nitrogen utilization unit to provide high-pressure air for the nitrogen utilization unit; the air separation oxygen generation device AS and the oxygen storage container OPV are both connected with a combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine; n is a radical of2The utilization unit includes N2Temperature regulator TCN2The system comprises an expansion generator G3 and a cold energy recoverer CE, wherein the nitrogen temperature regulator, the expansion generator and the cold energy recoverer are connected according to the trend of nitrogen.
The driving of the first compressor and the second compressor has two modes of electric driving and mechanical driving; when the gas turbine is started, the gas turbine is driven by external electric power, and after the gas turbine runs, the gas turbine is directly and mechanically driven by a gearbox through a gas turbine bearing; the pressure ratio of the second compressor (B) is not lower than 18.1.
The split gas turbine comprises a combustion chamber, a hydrogen turbine and a generator, wherein the combustion chamber is connected with the hydrogen turbine according to the smoke trend, and the generator is arranged at the end of the combustion chamber.
Advantageous effects
1. The system can meet the high-efficiency utilization of hydrogen energy in the field of high-power generation, realizes the hydrogen combustion utilization based on a split type gas turbine and without NOx emission, and uses H as fuel2As fuel, high purity O obtained by air separation2As an oxidant, with CO2To substitute N2The main component of the gas is used for generating power by the work of a gas turbine, and the main component generated is CO2、 O2、H2And the flue gas of O completely avoids the generation problem of NOx.
2. By poly-generation design, higher energy conversion efficiency or flexible byproduct utilization can be realized. By arranging the waste heat boiler (HRSG) and combining Rankine cycle, the power generation efficiency is improved. Then the heat exchange condensation is carried out on the boiler exhaust smoke, and on one hand, CO in the exhaust smoke is recovered2And O2On one hand, the phase change latent heat of the water vapor is utilized to carry out deep utilization of the smoke waste heat. Simultaneous utilization of high purity N produced by air separation2Form electric-heat/cold-N2A polygeneration system.
3. The condensed flue gas contains a large amount of water vapor, the condensing heat exchanger is arranged, the redundant water is discharged out of the circulating system through the condenser, and meanwhile, the deep recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas is realized. The condenser pressure is not lower than 1kPa.g and the temperature is not higher than 40 ℃. And meanwhile, the dryer is arranged, so that the requirement on the water content of the circulating flue gas is accurately controlled and guaranteed under the fault working condition or specific operation.
4. The invention is equipped with a split gas turbine, namely, only a combustion chamber, a turbine and a generator of the traditional integrated gas turbine are reserved. By setting oxygen, flue gas and CO2And the storage and voltage stabilizer container meets the variable load requirements of operation condition adjustment, circulating flue gas pressure maintenance and adjustment and the like.
5. In order to solve the possible micro smoke leakage of starting inflation, dynamic and static gaps, interface valves and the like, multi-source CO is provided2The supplement and storage unit is divided into two modes of start supplement and operation supplement. CO 22The supplementary sources are three: high purity CO supplied from outside2In situ air capture of CO2(ii) a CxHyOz model No N fuel combustion supplement. The brief operation and cooperation modes are: in-situ air capture only faces minor operational leaks; high purity CO supplied from outside2Mainly aiming at the first start after the flue duct is fully contacted with the atmosphere (such as installation and overhaul), the auxiliary device is used for the inflation protection and the operation leakage of the equipment; the combustion supplement of the CxHyOz nitrogen-free fuel is mainly oriented to quick start and is used for quickly establishing a flue gas system meeting the work of a gas turbine and assisting in compensating the operation leakage.
6. The present invention has a clean and efficient feature, but due to the complexity of the system and interlocking limitations of function, the output power regulation rate of the present invention is inferior to that of conventional air-based gas turbines, and therefore is not suitable for peak shaver power generation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a NOx emission free hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle process system of the present invention.
In the figure 12Fuel regulating unit, air separating and storing unit, split gas turbine, afterheat boiler and CO2Quick supplement unit, Rankine cycle unit, condensing heat exchanger, flue gas circulation and regulation unit and CO2Regeneration and storage unit, ninthly-N2A unit is utilized. A-a first air compressor, an AS-air separation oxygen generation device, an OPV-oxygen storage and pressure stabilizer, G1-a gas turbine generator, G2-a Rankine cycle generator, G3-a nitrogen expansion generator, and CSA-air CO2Extraction device, CPV-high pressure CO2Storage and voltage stabilizer, CS-flue gas CO2Separation device, FPV-high pressure flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer, B-second gas compressor and QrlHeat recovered by the waste heat boiler, combustion chamber CC, hydrogen turbine TB, blow-off damper VEA dryer DR and a second compressor B.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The description is only a slow or disadvantageous start-up scheme of the plurality of start-stop schemes of the present invention, and other start-up modes are not listed.
System principles and apparatus description
A hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method without NOx emission, the device and the main functions thereof are divided as follows:
-a hydrogen fuel conditioning unit: and adjusting parameters such as pressure, flow and temperature of the entering hydrogen according to the requirements of the gas turbine.
② air separation and storage unit: the system comprises a first gas compressor A, an oxygen separator AS, an oxygen storage and voltage stabilizer OPV and a key control valve thereof, and also comprises secondary supercharging equipment which may be needed. This unit produces O2High purity oxygen with concentration of 95 percent, which is CO for starting and running the system2Supplementing and the like, and providing the required oxygen in the corresponding response time. Air is pressurized by a first air compressor and enters an air separation oxygen generation device AS to separate high-purity high-pressure oxygen, and the high-purity oxygen enters a combustion chamber of a split type gas turbine to be used AS an oxidant. When the OPV gas storage amount is low, the AS working load is increased, and redundant O is generated2Supplied to the OPV storage.
③ split type gas turbine: the gas turbine mainly comprises a combustion chamber CC, a hydrogen turbine TB, a gas turbine generator G1, a transmission shaft and other parts. The combustion chamber is connected with the hydrogen turbine in series in the air inlet direction, the transmission shaft is transmitted to a generator to generate electricity, and a gas turbine generator G1 is arranged at the end of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber and turbine are designed for hydrogen combustion ignition and flame characteristics. The initial combustion temperature is 1200-1700 ℃, and the pressure and heat loss of the combustion chamber do not exceed 2%. The oxygen excess coefficient is 2.0 to 3.6. O in flue gas after combustion2Concentration of 9.9-22.7 mol%, CO2The concentration is 77.3-90.1 mol%, and the exhaust temperature is lower than 900 ℃.
Tetra-exhaust-heat boiler and CO2A fast replenishment unit: the module is mainly a waste heat boiler (HRSG) with pure oxygen afterburning function. It has two functions: first, heat of high temperature exhaust gas of the hydrogen gas turbine in normal operationHeat exchange is carried out to the fifth Rankine cycle, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is provided for the cycle. Generally, the exhaust gas temperature of the waste heat boiler is about 90 ℃, and the heat recovered by the waste heat boiler is Qrl. Secondly, in the starting stage or in the fault emergency, CxHyOz type nitrogen-free fuel is combusted through pure oxygen to rapidly generate CO in large quantity2And H2O, separation of most of the H by cooling condensation2O, realizing CO in flue by matching with flue gas circulation function2The concentration and the total amount are rapidly accumulated, thereby meeting the requirement of CO2The need for rapid replenishment.
-rankine cycle unit: the system comprises a complete Rankine cycle device, and according to different requirements of power generation or combined heat and power, a steam turbine in the Rankine cycle can adopt various types such as a pure condensing type, a back pressure type, a condensing extraction back type and the like.
Sixthly, condensation heat exchanger: the flue gas of the gas turbine is condensed, and the water vapor in the flue gas is discharged in the form of condensed water, so that the mass conservation of the system is realized. The temperature of the condensed flue gas is not more than 40 ℃, preferably 35 ℃ or less.
And a flue gas circulation and regulation unit: the smoke circulation of the invention adopts a micro-positive pressure mode to prevent air from leaking into the circulating smoke and mixing N2. The unit comprises a diffusing air door VEThe dryer DR, the second air compressor B, the high-pressure flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer FPV and a key control valve.
A diffusing air door V is arranged in front of the dryerEThe air door mainly has two functions, on one hand, after installation or maintenance, the air in the circulation is extracted by the vacuum-pumping fan through the air door; on the other hand, before shutdown maintenance, the air door is opened to release smoke, or partial unqualified smoke is released in operation, so that the circulating smoke components are adjusted. When the circulating flue gas leaks due to slight faults or the non-condensable impurity gas is accumulated, partial unqualified flue gas is released. The dryer is used to accurately control the water vapor content in the flue gas, which varies with the gas turbine design backpressure.
The cold flue gas separated by the condensing heat exchanger is dried by a drier and then enters a second compressor, high-pressure flue gas is obtained by pressurization, and the high-pressure flue gas is normally operatedSent to a split type gas turbine. And on the premise of load allowance, part of the high-pressure flue gas is sent into a flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer FPV for storage and standby. When the load is rapidly increased or the engine is stopped and restarted, the FPV outputs an emergent part of smoke so as to rapidly increase the smoke circulation volume. In the same way, the CO can also be discharged into the flue gas2The separation unit CS supplies a portion of the flue gas from the CO2Separating high-purity CO for standby use from flue gas with higher concentration2。
The integration of the unit realizes the functions of flue gas recirculation, flue gas storage, flue gas pressure stabilization and the like.
In addition, the first compressor A and the second compressor B are driven by an electric drive mode and a mechanical shaft drive mode. When the gas turbine is started, the gas turbine is driven by external electric power. When the gas turbine is in operation, the mechanical drive can be performed directly by the gearbox using the gas turbine bearings.
⑧-CO2Regeneration and storage unit: flue gas CO2Separation device CS, air CO2Extraction device CSA, high pressure CO2Storage and potentiostat CPV and key control valve composition, this unit realizes CO2The functions of separation, storage, compensation and the like are realized, and the quality and the components of the circulating flue gas are further controlled by matching with a flue gas circulating and regulating unit. The function of the unit is mainly to supplement and regulate and control CO in the circulating flue gas2And (4) concentration. First, CO2There are three ways of supplementing (1): (a) supplying high purity CO from outside2(b) extracting CO from air2The above is suitable for trace amount of CO required by leakage in normal operation2And (4) supplementing. (c) The flue gas provided by the second compressor B enters the flue gas CO2Separation unit CS for separating CO2And stored to the FPV, and the remaining impurity gases are exhausted to the atmosphere. Is suitable for CO required by sudden increase of flue gas circulation under working conditions of starting, fault or sudden load and the like2. This model also compares with CO in Unit IV2The fast replenishment function works in concert to respond to the load faster.
Second, CO2Either after or before the second compressor. When the CPV pressure is enough and the supplement amount is small, the second compressed air can be directly compressedCO is injected into the flue behind the machine2(ii) a When the CPV pressure is low or the supplement amount is large, CO is required to be supplemented from the flue gas pipeline before the second compressor2。
⑨-N2The utilization unit: comprising N2Temperature regulator TCN2Expansion generator G3 and cold energy recoverer CE. High-pressure high-purity N as by-product of air separation2There are two main ways of utilization: (a) after cooling, the nitrogen is put into a high-pressure steel cylinder or a pipeline and is used as a nitrogen raw material for material utilization. (b) According to the nearby energy requirement, the expansion screw machine is used for generating electricity, and meanwhile, the expansion refrigeration principle is utilized in cooperation with the air inlet pressure, so that two useful energies, namely cold energy and electricity energy, can be obtained.
The above listed functions are essential or critical functions of the present invention, and include but are not limited to conventional equipment and functions such as mature steam rankine cycle equipment and processes, secondary superchargers, flue gas extractors.
Description of the operating mode:
a hydrogen power generation and poly-generation process based on no NOx emission of power machinery mainly comprises the following operation control.
A starting stage: the essence of the combustion process involved in the present invention is that H2、O2And CO2Forming a gas combustion system. Therefore, the key of the starting phase is to inject O into the whole air pipe of the flue gas circulation of the combustion chamber of the flue gas turbine2And CO2The mixed gas of (1). When the air extractor is started for the first time, the air extractor is firstly used for sucking through the 7-smoke diffusing air door to form negative pressure.
O2Filling: the method comprises the following steps: o is2Air is separated and produced by an air separation oxygen production device AS. The method 2 comprises the following steps: o may also be used when a quick start is required2The oxygen stored in the storage and voltage stabilizer OPV is rapidly filled.
CO2Filling: the method comprises the following steps: excess O is provided to the waste heat boiler by an air separation and storage unit2Injecting CxHyOz type gas or liquid fuel, starting flue gas circulation, and gradually forming O through combustion and flue gas circulation accumulation2+CO2The smoke is formed. The method 2 comprises the following steps: using injection of CO from the outside2StoringAnd CO stored in the voltage regulator CPV2And at the moment, the quick ignition and operation of the gas turbine can be realized by matching with an air separation and storage unit.
A stable operation stage: after the flue gas meets the requirement of circulating flue gas, the flue gas is operated according to a set gas proportion, and the excess air coefficient is 2.0-3.6. The volume concentration of oxygen in the dry flue gas is about 9.9-22.7%. The preparation amount of pure oxygen by air separation is the combustion design oxygen amount-the oxygen amount in the circulating flue gas, namely the theoretical combustion oxygen amount. Because the circulating flue gas carries a large amount of oxygen, the oxygen amount required to be supplemented in real time in the invention is only the theoretical oxygen consumption during the stable operation stage. Therefore, the air separation energy consumption is low.
A flue gas adjusting stage: after the system is operated for a period of time, the amount of circulating flue gas and the components thereof may gradually change due to shaft seal leakage, impurity gas accumulation and other factors, and therefore, micro adjustment is needed. The adjustment measures are as follows: part of the smoke is released through the smoke diffusion air door and passes through CO2And O2The supplementary function adjusts the smoke components.
According to the external requirements, the Rankine cycle unit can be provided with different types of steam turbines, and N can be provided2And generating power or selling and utilizing. The different combinations can realize at least the following 3 operation models:
the power generation priority mode: the power plant is configured as follows: split type gas turbine generator, straight condensing type steam turbine and generator and screw generator thereof, N is divided after space under the mode2The system is used for power generation, and can improve the power generation efficiency of the whole plant by about 1.1 percentage point under typical working conditions. The effective products of this model are electricity, low temperature heat.
Cogeneration mode: the power plant is configured as follows: split gas turbine generator, extraction condensing or back pressure turbine, screw generator. The effective products of the mode are electricity, medium-high temperature heat and low-temperature heat.
Electric heating nitrogen coproduction mode: the power plant is configured as follows: the split type gas turbine generator, the straight condensing turbine, the extraction condensing turbine or the back pressure turbine and the generator thereof, and nitrogen is filled into a steel cylinder or is conveyed outwards through a pipeline. The effective product of the modeThe substance is electricity, low or medium or high temperature heat, high purity N2。
Examples
Starting:
opening the fume diffusing air door, starting the air separation and oxygen generation unit to prepare pure oxygen O2The purity is 97 percent, and excess pure oxygen is supplied to a waste heat boiler (IV). CO is turned on simultaneously2The quick supplement function is that CxHyOz fuel, such as methane, is injected into the waste heat boiler and is combusted to generate CO2And detecting the smoke components at the diffusing air door, and starting the second air compressor to drive smoke circulation. When the flue gas pressure in the circulating space gradually rises and CO is generated2After the concentration accumulation exceeds 20 vol%, the flue gas CO is started2The separation device (CS) increases the fuel input amount in the waste heat boiler IV and quickly supplements CO2. On one hand, the flue gas flow in the circulating space is improved, and on the other hand, CO is separated and stored2And preparing for adjusting the smoke components. When the flue gas CO2After the concentration is close to a typical design value (85 vol%), the pressure of the compressor is increased, and the flue gas is gradually injected into the high-pressure flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer FPV for the purpose of quickly adjusting the flow rate and components of the flue gas.
And (4) normal operation:
when the smoke components in the circulating space are qualified, stopping CxHyOzFuel, supply off CO2And (4) rapidly supplementing the function. Opening H2And the valve is sent into the split type gas turbine and the combustion chamber through the fuel adjusting module. At the same time, the air separation and storage unit is loaded and supplies O with a purity of 97% to the combustion chamber2. The operating pressure ratio of the second compressor is 38.1. Matching with qualified flue gas in the circulating space to form H2/O2/CO2Combustion material with molar ratio of 1:1.4:3.3, oxygen excess coefficient of 2.8, combustion-supporting gas O2The concentration was 29.8 mol%. Igniting in a combustion chamber, wherein the temperature of the combustion chamber is 1336.9 ℃, generating high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas to push a hydrogen turbine to do work, and the exhaust gas temperature is 684.6 ℃, wherein O is2The concentration was 17.3 mol%, and the water vapor concentration was 19.3%. The low-pressure exhaust smoke of the split gas turbine enters a waste heat boiler, and heat is transferred to a Rankine cycle unit, namely a straight condensing turbine is arranged in the embodimentAll used for generating electricity. After the temperature of the waste heat boiler is reduced, the temperature of the flue gas is about 95 ℃. The flue gas enters a condensing heat exchanger, then further heat exchange is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃, condensation dehydration is realized, and the concentration of water vapor in the condensed flue gas is 0.09%. And (4) the condensed flue gas enters a dryer, and water vapor is further controlled or removed through a molecular sieve drying process. And the dried low-pressure flue gas enters the FPV after being pressurized by the second gas compressor or directly returns to the combustion chamber to complete circulation.
Air separation of by-product N2The exhaust parameters were 25 ℃ and 0.53 MPa. The exhaust temperature is-31 ℃ after the expansion of the expansion generator does work, and then N is treated2And (4) recovering cold energy, and discharging to the atmospheric environment after heat exchange is carried out to 5 ℃.
Flue gas regulation and control:
for trace leakage loss and CO operation in normal operation2A regeneration and storage unit for extracting CO from air by chemical solvent absorption or resin adsorption2And supplement the trace loss of circulation. When the equipment is in failure and leaks gas, on one hand, the load is properly reduced, and simultaneously, a valve of the flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer FPV is opened to supplement the flue gas. When the accumulation of the non-condensable impurity gas in the circulating flue gas exceeds the limit value, a flue gas diffusing air door, a flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer (FPV) valve are opened simultaneously to regulate the flow and components of the flue gas. If the regulation capability is not enough, CO is turned on2The storage and voltage stabilizer CPV valve increases the air separation oxygen generation capacity and accelerates the supplement. If the required smoke release amount is increased, the afterburning function of the waste heat boiler is started, and the CxHyOz fuel is combusted to quickly supplement CO2。
Stopping the machine:
firstly, a split type gas turbine operation unit, an air separation and storage unit, a Rankine cycle unit and the like are adopted. The second compressor continues to work, and the flue gas circulation and regulation unit and CO are started2Regeneration and storage unit for recovering CO in the circulation volume2Component (b) when CO2And stopping the operation of the second compressor and other units after the concentration is lower than 20 vol% or the pressure of the circulating space is lower than the external atmospheric pressure.
Typical performance indicators are:
to generate electricityThe maximum rate is the mode as an example, and the key performance indexes of the embodiment are as follows: split gas turbine, straight condensing rankine cycle, N2The generating heat efficiency of the screw expansion generator is 32.51 percent, 19.24 percent and 1.58 percent respectively, the combined cycle generating efficiency is 53.33 percent (lower calorific value), the above parameters are calculated based on the conventional lower calorific value, and in addition, the efficiency which can be increased by cold recovery is 0.98 percent. When the heat quantity of the heat quantity is recovered by the condensation of the flue gas, the calculation of high heat value is adopted, because H2The high-temperature calorific value of (1) is 18% greater than the low-grade calorific value, which causes a decrease in thermal efficiency. Under the condition, the heat efficiency of the flue gas condensation recovery of the case is 19.21, and the comprehensive heat efficiency is 65.28 percent (high calorific value).
Claims (3)
1. Is applied to a non-NOxThe device in the discharged hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method is characterized by comprising a hydrogen gas fuel regulating unit, a split type gas turbine, an air separation and storage unit, a waste heat boiler, a Rankine cycle unit, a condensation heat exchanger, a flue gas circulation and regulation unit, and a CO2A regeneration and storage unit and a nitrogen utilization unit; the hydrogen fuel adjusting unit is connected with a combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine; according to the smoke trend, a split type gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a condensation heat exchanger, a smoke circulation and regulation unit and CO2The regeneration and storage unit forms a closed loop; the combustion chamber of the split gas turbine is connected with the air separation and storage unit; the waste heat boiler is connected with the Rankine cycle unit and is provided with a fuel inlet; the flue gas circulation and regulation unit comprises a diffusion air door VEThe dryer DR, the second gas compressor B and the flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer PFV are sequentially connected according to the direction of flue gas, and one path of the second gas compressor is directly connected with CO2The regeneration and storage unit is connected, the other path is connected with a combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine, and the flue gas storage and voltage stabilizer is connected with the combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine; CO 22The regeneration and storage unit comprises flue gas CO2Separation device CS, high pressure CO2Storage and potentiostat CPV and air extraction CO2The device CSA is mainly used for supplementing and regulating CO for circulating flue gas2The concentration and supplement point is arranged on the second gas compressorBefore or after; flue gas CO2The separation device is connected with the combustion chamber of the split gas turbine, and is also provided with an impurity gas outlet and high-pressure CO2The storage and voltage stabilizer CPV is provided with a carbon dioxide inlet and is also connected with the air separation and storage unit; the air separation and storage unit comprises a first air compressor A, an air separation oxygen generation device AS and an oxygen storage container OPV; the first air compressor is connected with an air separation oxygen generation device AS, the air separation oxygen generation device AS is connected with an oxygen storage container OPV, and the air separation oxygen generation device AS is also connected with a nitrogen utilization unit to provide high-pressure air for the nitrogen utilization unit; the air separation oxygen generation device AS and the oxygen storage container OPV are both connected with a combustion chamber of the split type gas turbine; n is a radical of2The utilization unit includes N2Temperature regulator TCN2The system comprises an expansion generator G3 and a cold energy recoverer CE, wherein a nitrogen temperature regulator, the expansion generator and the cold energy recoverer are connected according to the trend of nitrogen;
said one is NO-freexThe discharged hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method refers to that the hydrogen gas turbine combined cycle poly-generation method uses H2Or CxHyOzHigh-purity O produced by air separation of gas-liquid nitrogen-free fuel2As an oxidant, with CO2To substitute N2The smoke is taken as circulating smoke and enters a split type gas turbine to be combusted, work is done and power is generated, and the main component generated is CO2、O2、H2The heat in the high-temperature flue gas of O is recovered through a waste heat boiler (HRSG), and Rankine cycle is used for power generation or cogeneration, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved; deeply cooling the fume exhausted from afterheat boiler to condense most of its water vapor, release heat and separate out CO2And O2The cold flue gas as the main component returns to the split type gas turbine through recirculation and pressurization to form closed circulation; in addition, the high purity and high pressure N generated by air separation is utilized2The nitrogen is used as a nitrogen raw material, or the expansion generator is used for generating electricity, or the expansion refrigeration principle is utilized for carrying out cold and power cogeneration, so that the electricity-heat/cold-N is integrally formed2A poly-generation system; o separated from air2The purity is more than 95 percent, and the oxygen production amount under the normal operation state is the theoretical oxygen consumption amount of combustion; of split gas turbinesThe initial combustion temperature is 1200-1700 ℃, the oxygen excess coefficient is 2.0-3.6, and O in the flue gas after combustion2Concentration of 9.9-22.7 mol%, CO2The concentration is 77.3-90.1 mol%, and the smoke discharge temperature is lower than 900 ℃; the high-temperature flue gas is recycled, and the main component is CO2The concentration range is 62.3-87.4 mol%, the high-temperature flue gas circulation adopts a micro-positive pressure mode, and the pressure is not lower than 500 Pa.g; the pressure is not lower than 1kPa.g and the temperature is not higher than 40 ℃ during condensation; and meanwhile, a dryer is arranged to accurately control the moisture content of the flue gas under fault working conditions or specific operation, and the dew point of the circulating flue gas is ensured to be at least 5 ℃ lower than the lowest temperature of the operating state.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second compressors are driven by both electrical and mechanical means; when the gas turbine is started, the gas turbine is driven by external electric power, and after the gas turbine runs, the gas turbine is directly and mechanically driven by a gearbox through a gas turbine bearing; the pressure ratio of the second compressor (B) is not lower than 18.1.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the split gas turbine comprises a combustion chamber, a hydrogen turbine and a generator, the combustion chamber is connected with the hydrogen turbine according to the smoke direction, and the generator is arranged at the end of the combustion chamber.
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