CN109630269B - Natural gas-steam combined cycle clean power generation process - Google Patents

Natural gas-steam combined cycle clean power generation process Download PDF

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CN109630269B
CN109630269B CN201910034258.6A CN201910034258A CN109630269B CN 109630269 B CN109630269 B CN 109630269B CN 201910034258 A CN201910034258 A CN 201910034258A CN 109630269 B CN109630269 B CN 109630269B
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gas
air
power generation
steam
pressurized
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CN109630269A (en
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乔英云
田原宇
谢克昌
孙兰义
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China University of Petroleum East China
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F02C3/06Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor the compressor comprising only axial stages
    • F02C3/073Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor the compressor comprising only axial stages the compressor and turbine stages being concentric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a natural gas-steam combined cycle clean power generation process for recovering all carbon, wherein pressurized air after cold exchange enters an air separation device, liquid oxygen is used for combustion power generation, and liquid nitrogen is expanded and vaporized to generate power and is used as a coolant to exchange heat with the pressurized air; the natural gas, oxygen and circulating water steam enter a gas turbine together to be combusted to push a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, the gas compressor compresses air to 0.5-0.8MPa, and the generator generates electric power; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is used for power generation by a steam turbine, and the dead steam coolant is pressurized liquid oxygen; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to generate circulating water vapor, and the cooled flue gas is dehydrated and distilled to separate CO2Part of water is pressurized and returned to generate high-pressure steam for circulating and being used for combustion temperature control of gas turbine, and CO2The product is sold for the outside.

Description

Natural gas-steam combined cycle clean power generation process
Technical Field
The invention provides a clean power generation process by natural gas-steam combined cycle, belonging to the field of natural gas utilization.
Background
The natural gas is used as one of main clean energy sources in the world, is convenient to use and is particularly suitable for being used as distributed energy sources and gas power generation. Almost no dust (PM2.5) is discharged from the natural gas for combustion, and SO is generated2The emission is extremely low, the NOx emission is very low after passing through a low-nitrogen combustor and a flue gas denitration device, and CO is2The gas emission of the isothermal chamber is about half of that of a coal-fired power plant, and the environmental protection advantage is very prominent.
The natural gas burning power generation conventionally adopts a gas-steam combined cycle mode, the combined cycle power generation consists of a Brayton cycle and a Rankine cycle, the inlet temperature of a gas turbine can reach more than 1300 ℃, the exhaust temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the simple cycle thermal efficiency is as high as 45-50%; the waste heat boiler is used for further recovering waste heat and improving heat efficiency, and is generally a double-pressure or three-pressure system. Particularly, the heat efficiency of the modern large 9F-grade gas-steam combined cycle power generation reaches 58% -60%, and is far higher than that of coal-fired power generation. The thermal efficiency of the coal-fired generating set is generally 46% -48% even if the ultra supercritical 600 MW-level and 1000 MW-level units are adopted, and the difference of the generating thermal efficiency of the two types of units is 10-20%.
The conventional natural gas combined power generation process is that an air compressor sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial-flow type air compressor to be pressurized to 2.8MPa, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased; excess 2.8MPa compressed air is pumped into a combustion chamber and mixed with the injected natural gas to be combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas; then the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas enters a turbine to do work through expansion, the turbine is pushed to drive a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical energy of the natural gas is partially converted into mechanical work and the electric work is output is achieved; high-temperature combustion flue gas passes through a waste heat steam boiler to obtain high-pressure steam for a steam turbine to generate electricity, and finally the flue gas is discharged out in an ultralow emission standard after being denitrated; the peak shaving is adjusted by the gas turbine load change. Thus, the gas turbine converts the chemical energy of the fuel into thermal energy and also converts part of the thermal energy into mechanical energy. In a gas turbine, a compressor is driven by a gas turbine to perform work through expansion, and the compressor is a load of the turbine. In a simple cycle, about 1/2 to 2/3 of mechanical work from the turbine is used to drive the compressor, and the remaining about 1/3 of mechanical work is used to drive the generator. When the gas turbine is started, external power is firstly needed, a starter generally drives the gas compressor, and the gas turbine can not work independently until the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine is greater than the mechanical power consumed by the gas compressor and the external starter is tripped.
With the rapid development and mutual promotion of renewable energy and energy storage technology, in a diversified intelligent energy system with large concentration and wide distribution in the future, in order to meet the cooperative regulation and control for coping with climate change and atmospheric pollution treatment, a gas combined power generation power plant taking natural gas as fuel is mainly used as a distributed energy source for power grid peak regulation, but the existing natural gas combined power generation technology has CO2High trapping and utilizing cost, high water consumption, low power generation efficiency, high exhaust gas temperature, difficult NOx reduction and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural gas-steam combined cycle clean power generation process for overcoming the defects of the traditional natural gas combined power generation technology, which solves the problems of high water consumption and low power generation efficiency of the traditional natural gas combined power generation technology; but also can greatly reduce the load of the gas compressor and realize low-cost CO2Trapping and utilizing, no ambient temperature emission of Nox, and greatly improving the generating efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention.
The invention aims to use liquid oxygen separated by air for natural gas combustion power generation, liquid nitrogen for expansion power generation and refrigeration, high-temperature flue gas waste heat for steam turbine power generation, water vapor returning to gas turbine feed for circulating temperature control, liquid oxygen for steam turbine power generation and pressurized air coolant, secondary liquid oxygen for flue gas coolant fractional cooling dehydration and CO cooling dehydration2The coupling of series technologies such as separation, recovery and purification improves the efficiency of natural gas combined power generation, and realizes clean and efficient power generation without NOx pollution, water consumption and full carbon recovery. The device is characterized in that an air compressor sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial flow type air compressor to be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased for preheating partial pressurized liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen; the pressurized air of 0.5-0.8MPa after cold exchange enters an air separation device for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the pumped pressurized liquid oxygen is used for heat exchange and natural gas combustion power generation, and the pumped pressurized liquid nitrogen expands and vaporizes to push a nitrogen turbine generator to generate power; the high-pressure vaporized oxygen, circulating water vapor and the sprayed natural gas are mixed and combusted in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, then high-temperature and high-pressure combustion flue gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, the turbine is pushed to drive the compressor and the generator to rotate together at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical energy of the natural gas is partially converted into mechanical work and the electric work is output is achieved; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is subjected to steam turbine power generation through a waste heat boiler, the exhaust steam coolant is pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and condensed water is pressurized through a high-pressure pump for closed cycle after being cooled; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchanges heat with secondary pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid flue gas after the dehydration of the cooled flue gas is separated by a distillation tower to recover CO2As a productAnd (3) selling, pressurizing part of the dehydrated water by a water pump to obtain high-pressure water, discharging the rest water, and vaporizing the pressurized liquid oxygen to obtain high-pressure oxygen and sending the high-pressure oxygen to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
The air separation is one of the cascade air separation combining the cryogenic air separation, the pressure swing adsorption separation and the cryogenic separation and the cascade air separation combining the membrane separation and the cryogenic separation.
The mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water vapor is 1: 2-12.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Drawings
The attached drawing is a process schematic diagram of the invention.
The drawings of the drawings are set forth below:
1. the system comprises an air separation device 2, a natural gas pressure tank 3, a compressor 4, a waste heat boiler 5, a generator 6, a cooler 7, a high-pressure pump 8, a turbonator 9, a gas turbine 10, an expansion vaporization heat exchanger 11, a nitrogen turbine generator 12, a distillation tower 13, an air-liquid oxygen heat exchanger 14, a primary liquid oxygen heat exchanger 15, a high-pressure water regenerator 16, a high-pressure water heat exchanger 17, a water pump 18, a liquid nitrogen pump 19 and a liquid oxygen pump.
The process features of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment, an air compressor (3) of a gas turbine sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial flow type air compressor (3) to be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa, meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased, and the air is used for preheating liquid oxygen by an air-liquid oxygen heat exchanger (13); the pressurized air of 0.5-0.8MPa after being cooled by the expansion vaporization heat exchanger (10) enters an air separation device (1) for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the liquid oxygen is pressurized by a liquid oxygen pump (18) and used for heat exchange of the pressurized air, steam exhaust of a steam turbine and flue gas and natural gas combustion power generation, and the pressurized liquid nitrogen sent by a liquid nitrogen pump (19) pushes a nitrogen turbine generator (11) to generate power through expansion vaporization and is refrigerated as a pressurized air coolant by the expansion vaporization heat exchanger (10) and then discharged outside; the high-pressure oxygen and the circulating water steam after the heat exchange vaporization of the pressurized air, the steam exhaust of the steam turbine and the flue gas and the steam from the sunThe natural gas sprayed by the natural gas pressure tank (2) is mixed and combusted in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (9), then high-temperature and high-pressure combustion flue gas enters a turbine to expand and do work, the turbine is pushed to drive a gas compressor (3) and a generator (5) to rotate together at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical function part of the natural gas is converted into mechanical work and electric work is output is achieved; the high-temperature combustion flue gas exchanges heat through the waste heat boiler (4) to carry out steam turbine power generation, coolant in the primary liquid oxygen heat exchanger (14) is partial primary pressurized liquid oxygen, and after cooling, condensed water is pressurized through a high-pressure pump (7) and forms closed cycle through a high-pressure water heat regenerator (15) and the waste heat boiler (4); the medium temperature flue gas and high pressure water exchange heat through a high pressure water heat exchanger (16) to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchange heat with second-stage pressurized liquid oxygen through a cooler (6), and the liquid flue gas after the cooled flue gas is dehydrated is separated through a distillation tower (12) to recover CO2And as a product for sale, part of the dehydrated water is pressurized by a water pump (17) to obtain high-pressure water, the rest water is discharged outside, and pressurized liquid oxygen is vaporized to obtain high-pressure oxygen which is sent to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (9).
The air separation is one of the cascade air separation combining the cryogenic air separation, the pressure swing adsorption separation and the cryogenic separation and the cascade air separation combining the membrane separation and the cryogenic separation.
The mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water vapor is 1: 2-12.
The heat exchange sequence of the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen can be changed.
According to the clean power generation process of the natural gas-steam combined cycle, the compression of the existing gas compressor is reduced from about 2.8MPa to 0.5-0.8MPa through low-energy-consumption pumping pressurization of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen of an air separation device according to an Aspen simulation result, so that the energy consumption of the natural gas turbine for the gas compressor is reduced from 1/2-2/3 to about 10%; the natural gas and the high-pressure steam are mixed with oxygen to support combustion for power generation, the specific volume of the flue gas is increased, and the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine is relatively improved; the high-temperature flue gas turbine generates power, the water heat exchange is carried out to prepare circulating water steam, and the liquid oxygen is subjected to heat exchange and vaporization to form a combined system, the temperature of the discharged flue gas is reduced from about 140 ℃ to about 60 ℃, the energy recovery rate is greatly improved, the flue gas is easy to dehydrate and separate at low cost to obtain CO2, and the energy consumption for capturing CO2 is greatly reduced; the combustion generated water is partially recycled for gas turbine control and waste heat power generation, and the problem of high water consumption of natural gas power generation is solved by adopting high-pressure water closed cycle, so that the method is particularly suitable for water-deficient areas in northwest; the gas turbine is used for oxygen combustion supporting and water vapor circulation temperature control, NOx emission of flue gas of the existing natural gas power plant is avoided, smoke emission is greatly reduced, and clean and efficient natural gas full-carbon recovery power generation is realized; meanwhile, the nitrogen vaporization expansion turbine generator generates electricity and is used for air separation air refrigeration, and water circulation and liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen pumping pressurization are added, so that the internal energy consumption of the system is greatly reduced, and the net generating efficiency of the system is more than 70%.

Claims (2)

1. The natural gas-steam combined cycle clean power generation process is technically characterized in that an air compressor sucks air from an external atmospheric environment, the air is compressed step by an axial-flow type air compressor to be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased for preheating partial pressurized liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen; the pressurized air of 0.5-0.8MPa after cold exchange enters an air separation device for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the pumped pressurized liquid oxygen is used for heat exchange and natural gas combustion power generation, and the pumped pressurized liquid nitrogen expands and vaporizes to push a nitrogen turbine generator to generate power; mixing and burning the high-pressure vaporized oxygen, the circulating water steam and the sprayed natural gas in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, wherein the mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water steam is 1: 2-12; then the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion flue gas enters a turbine to expand and do work, the turbine is pushed to drive a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, and the purpose that the chemical energy of natural gas is partially converted into mechanical work and the electric work is output is achieved; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is subjected to steam turbine power generation through a waste heat boiler, the exhaust steam coolant is pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and condensed water is pressurized through a high-pressure pump for closed cycle after being cooled; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchanges heat with secondary pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid flue gas after the dehydration of the cooled flue gas is separated by a distillation tower to recover CO2And (3) as a product for sale, pressurizing part of dehydrated water by a water pump to obtain high-pressure water, discharging the rest water, and vaporizing pressurized liquid oxygen to obtain high-pressure oxygen and sending the high-pressure oxygen to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
2. The clean power generation process of natural gas-steam combined cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air separation is one of cryogenic air separation, cascade air separation combining pressure swing adsorption separation and cryogenic separation, and cascade air separation combining membrane separation and cryogenic separation.
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CN115031407B (en) * 2022-06-20 2024-07-23 嵊州市浙江工业大学创新研究院 Self-generating strong-exhaust gas water heater

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CN103628982A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-12 暨南大学 Combined power circulating method capable of catching carbon dioxide (CO2) by using LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy and system thereof
CN104131849A (en) * 2014-06-24 2014-11-05 华北电力大学 Combined circulating power generating system and method combining natural gas, oxygen and pulverized coal combustion
CN105579801A (en) * 2013-09-17 2016-05-11 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 Process and apparatus for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic distillation of air
CN106224024A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-14 华中科技大学 A kind of multiple stage circulation power generation integrated system of zero carbon emission

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1784579A (en) * 2003-05-05 2006-06-07 液体空气乔治洛德方法利用和研究的具有监督和管理委员会的有限公司 Method and system for the production of pressurized air gas by cryogenic distillation of air
CN105579801A (en) * 2013-09-17 2016-05-11 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 Process and apparatus for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic distillation of air
CN103628982A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-12 暨南大学 Combined power circulating method capable of catching carbon dioxide (CO2) by using LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy and system thereof
CN104131849A (en) * 2014-06-24 2014-11-05 华北电力大学 Combined circulating power generating system and method combining natural gas, oxygen and pulverized coal combustion
CN106224024A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-14 华中科技大学 A kind of multiple stage circulation power generation integrated system of zero carbon emission

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