RU2644988C2 - Mobile laboratory for electromagnetic effect tests - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment.

SUBSTANCE: mobile laboratory for electromagnetic effect tests is performed in the form-factor of the minibus, the saloon of which is divided by the partition in the form of electromagnetic screen, separating the driver's cab from the test equipment compartment, and equipped with the baggage compartment with removable dismountable means of minibus elastic fastening, the receivers and test equipment, interacting with the upper deck devices, outer body structures of erections (pillars), as well as with rigidly installed equipment inside the shielded posts and vessel rooms, the radiators clamps are equipped with telescopic pillars for mounting on the side nearest to the conditions of the potential impacts, the minibus saloon windows are equipped with electromagnetic field shielding blinds and testing equipment control elements are placed in the driver compartment.

EFFECT: operational assessment increase of ships protection level from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for indicating the characteristics of electrical quantities, in particular to means for testing the resistance to electromagnetic fields, and can be used to assess the level of protection of ship's electronic equipment from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons.

Protection of shipboard electronic equipment from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons is an urgent task of the ship’s electromagnetic protection technology, which requires new technical solutions and significant means to ensure it. In particular, the description of the means of electromagnetic protection of the radioelectronic means of the Mk45 ship deck-tower artillery installation according to US patent US 5756921, 12/18/1995, gives an idea of the complexity of the structural support of this problem.

However, only the corresponding protected execution of the structural components of electronic components is not enough to ensure their reliable electromagnetic protection for the period of operation due to the degradation of the electromagnetic sealing nodes of the joints of their shielding structures. Already after 6 months, shielding efficiency may decrease to 40 dB (see, for example, US military manual MIL-HDBK-1195, 09/30/1998).

The hull structure of the ship, which has shielding properties, significantly improves the protection of electronic equipment from powerful electromagnetic influences in addition to their own electromagnetic protection. However, the level of protection by the hull structures of the ship depends on many operational factors that determine the stability of electromagnetic sealing of doors and hatches of rooms. This makes it necessary, when assessing the level of protection of electronic equipment from powerful electromagnetic influences, to consider their placement in ship's premises, as well as the quality of their installation, including the condition of cable routes.

Equipping the armed forces of a number of countries with electronic warfare, including electromagnetic weapons, made it necessary to quickly monitor and maintain the level of protection of the ship’s electronic equipment from the damaging factors of this weapon. However, general industrial testing equipment and measuring equipment for evaluating this parameter, as applied to the ship’s electronic equipment, are unique - they are produced mainly in relation to the conditions of use in specialized testing centers with specially trained personnel. But the assessment of the resistance of electronic equipment to electromagnetic influences in the conditions of test centers does not give a reliable assessment in relation to the conditions of their actual operation, where these tools are shielded not only by their own hulls, but also by the hull structures of the ship, and the conditions for laying their cable routes also influence.

The use of standard equipment on a ship for the assessment of electromagnetic protection of electronic equipment requires the execution of such equipment in a ship's design (providing harsh operating conditions), which leads to excessive costs. However, mass supply of such equipment to ships is not necessary, since the physicochemical processes that cause the indicated decrease in the level of protection of the ship from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons proceed rather slowly. In real conditions, only periodic monitoring of the level of this protection is sufficient and the creation of specialized ship-made equipment for this type of test is technically impractical. This necessitated the creation of an industrial mobile laboratory, which is operatively used to conduct appropriate control tests on ships under construction and in operation.

A well-known mobile laboratory for testing for electromagnetic effects, performed on the chassis of a heavy vehicle equipped with a shielded enclosure for placement of test equipment with an autonomous power source and with radiating antennas removed from the shielded enclosure. The shielded case of this mobile laboratory is made in the form factor of a standard container, in the cavity of which the equipment is placed in an anechoic chamber, and is equipped with means for fixing a radiating antenna mounted on its roof (GB Patent GB 2414084, 05/12/2004) - adopted as a prototype.

A disadvantage of the well-known mobile laboratory is the lack of the ability to install and fix it on the deck of warships without impairing their performance characteristics due to:

- limitations of the irradiation surface of the upper deck hull structures and ship superstructures by the radiators mounted on the roof, the line of sight;

- large dimensions of the mobile laboratory, due to the distance of the mutual separation of equipment installed on the roof. This distance is regulated by the current standards for electromagnetic compatibility, the dimensions of the container, which are determined by the dimensions of the anechoic chamber and the large dimensions of the automobile chassis on which the container with the equipment is mounted.

This drawback of the well-known mobile laboratory does not allow it to be used in real conditions for testing the ship’s electronic equipment for protection against the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons during their acceptance tests and during exercises using artillery weapons, as well as during operational operational checks and training of personnel’s actions to develop measures to protect the ship from the effects of damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons.

The objective of the invention is to provide the possibility of using a mobile laboratory for the rapid assessment of the level of protection of shipborne electronic equipment from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons in real conditions.

The problem is solved in that in a mobile laboratory for electromagnetic impact tests, performed on the chassis of a car equipped with a shielded compartment for placing test equipment with an autonomous power supply, emitters and receivers equipped with fastening devices outside the shielded case, there are the following differences: the car is made in the form factor of a minibus, the interior of which is divided by a partition in the form of an electromagnetic screen separating the cab of the compartment from the test equipment compartment, and is equipped with a luggage compartment with external removable means of elastic fastening of the minibus, receivers and test equipment, interacting with upper deck devices, external hull structures of superstructures (masts), as well as with hulls of rigidly installed equipment inside shielded posts and premises of the ship .

And also the clamps of the radiators are equipped with telescopic masts for installation from the side close to the conditions of potential impact.

And also the windows of the minibus are equipped with shielding electromagnetic field shutters.

And also the controls of the test equipment are located in the driver's compartment.

The technical essence and principle of operation of the proposed mobile laboratory are illustrated by drawings, on which:

In FIG. 1 shows a mobile laboratory for testing for electromagnetic effects, FIG. 2 - a ship in the process of testing for powerful electromagnetic effects, in FIG. 3 - ship artillery installation in the process of testing for electromagnetic effects and in FIG. 4 - emitters of ultra-wideband pulses with a holder and means for their fastening.

A mobile laboratory for testing the ship for electromagnetic influences (Fig. 1), installed on the ship 1 (Fig. 2), is made on the chassis of a car made in the form factor of a minibus 2, equipped with a shielded case 3 for accommodating test equipment 4 with an autonomous power source 5 and with remote, outside the shielded casing 3 of the minibus 2, receivers 6 (Fig. 3) and emitters 7 (Fig. 4) of ultra-wideband pulses.

The cabin of the minibus 2 is equipped with portable removable elastic means of fixation, made in the form of magnetized shoes 8 (Fig. 1), made of highly coercive material interacting with steel hull (deck) structures by fixed installation on the deck of the ship 1 (Fig. 2). For insurance of securing with shoes 8, cables 9 are introduced into the set of securing means, interacting with ship upper deck devices 10, which are known means of securing mobile equipment, aircraft and other wheeled vehicles on ships (ships): eyebolts, eyebolts - bolts, brackets, butts, deck fittings, sockets, stops, etc. (VI Snopkov. Technology for the carriage of goods by sea: Textbook for universities. 4th ed., Revised. And add. - St. Petersburg: NPO Professional, 2006, p. 481-487). The cables 9 are equipped with spring shock absorbers 11.

The receivers 6 are installed inside the shielded ship posts 12 and rooms 13. As an example, as shown in FIG. 3, the receivers 6 are installed in different zones according to the level of electromagnetic protection - in the post 12 of the above-deck part of the artillery installation, which is shielded by the hull structures of the gun turret 14 the fighting compartment, in which a gun with a loading mechanism is installed, a machine tool, hydraulic power drives of vertical and horizontal aiming with appropriate electronic means, cable s management and communication, and in the room 13 under deck part of this installation, which includes the store ready for automatic firing shots, mechanical and electronic installers fuse, the upper and lower elevators, radio controls, as well as control and communication cables. The receivers 6 are equipped with holders 15 with means of fastening 16, interacting with the hull structures of the ship 1, as well as with the housings of the rigidly installed equipment inside the shielded posts 12 and rooms, for example, in the gun turret 14. The receivers 6 are equipped with shock absorbers (not shown) to ensure vibration resistance their installation.

The receivers 6 are connected by cables 17 to the test equipment 4, if their synchronization in terms of registration time is required, but can also be autonomous with recording the results of measuring the level of electromagnetic radiation penetrating during testing in posts 12 and rooms 13.

The emitters 7 (Fig. 4) of ultra-wideband pulses are equipped with holders 18 with fixing means 19 that interact with the external hull structures of the ship 1, including its superstructures and masts, as well as cables 20 for their installation outside the minibus 2. The emitters 7 are equipped with shock absorbers (on figure not shown), to ensure vibration resistance of their installation.

The holders 18 are made in the form of telescopic masts for mounting the emitters 7 relative to the posts 12 and rooms 13 from the side close to the direction of potential exposure to electromagnetic weapons.

The windows of the cabin of the minibus 2 (Fig. 1) are equipped with shielding the electromagnetic field of the blinds 21. The interior of the minibus 2 is equipped with a partition 22 in the form of an electromagnetic screen for separating the driver’s cab 23 from the compartment with the test equipment 4. The controls for the test apparatus 4 are located in the driver’s compartment (in FIG. not shown).

In the minibus 2 there is also a luggage compartment 24 for accommodating cables 17 and 20, receivers 6, shoes 8, cables. 9 and spring shock absorbers 11 during transportation to the test object.

For testing, the mobile laboratory is transported and installed on the deck of the ship 1, placing shoes 8 under the wheels. Relieve excess air pressure in the tires to 1.3-1.5 atmosphere, after which the tires tightly cover the upper part of the shoes, preventing their displacement. Thus, the shoes are tightly pressed to the deck due to magnetic attraction and to the wheels of the minibus 2, preventing the displacement of this minibus on the deck under vibration and shock loads. To secure the fastening, the cables 9 with shock absorbers 11 are connected to the minibus 2 and the upper deck devices 10. This ensures elastic fastening of the minibus 2 in the longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the deck of the ship 1. The tires of the wheels of the minibus 2, with reduced air pressure in them, and the shock absorbers 11 provide sufficient elasticity of the installation of the minibus 2 relative to the ship 1. In combination with the elasticity of the standard suspension of the minibus 2, this ensures the amortization of the test equipment 4 and a stand-alone power supply 5, which makes it possible to use on the ship, under the influence of vibration and shock loads, laboratory and general industrial equipment, which is also protected by a shielded hull 3 both from the damaging electromagnetic effect generated by the emitters 7 and from the effects of the ship's environment .

During the exercises conducted on the ship 1, they turn on the test equipment 4 for operation and irradiate the outer surface of the shielded ship posts 12 and rooms 13 located in the area of the radiation patterns of the emitters 7. Receivers 6 record the passage of their electromagnetic radiation to posts 12 and rooms 13 during staff actions according to the staffing table during the operation of upper deck mechanisms, units of electromagnetic sealing of movable joints, for example, when rotating a turret of an artillery installation, diode antennas of the guidance system, doors and hatches, as well as doors when moving personnel, etc. By the presence or absence of an unacceptable level of penetration of electromagnetic radiation into posts 12 and rooms 13, they judge the level of protection of the ship’s electronic equipment from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons in conditions close to real ones.

Thus, due to the use of general industrial equipment for conducting tests on a ship, the testing costs are reduced so much that it becomes economically feasible to carry out an operational assessment by one mobile laboratory of the level of protection of ship's electronic equipment from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons, both during sea trials of ships under construction, and in the process of operating ships. This will provide an operational assessment of the level of protection of ships from the damaging factors of electromagnetic weapons with minimal cost of testing equipment.

Claims (1)

Mobile laboratory for testing for electromagnetic effects, performed on the chassis of a car equipped with a shielded interior for placement of test equipment with an autonomous power supply, emitters and receivers remote from the shielded case, equipped with fastening means, characterized in that the car is made in a minibus form factor , the cabin of which is divided by a partition in the form of an electromagnetic screen that separates the driver’s cab from the compartment with equipment, and is equipped with a luggage compartment with removable removable elastic means for securing a minibus, receivers and test equipment interacting with upper deck devices, external hull structures of superstructures (masts), as well as with hulls of rigidly installed equipment inside shielded posts and premises of the ship, and the emitter latches are equipped with telescopic masts for installation from the side close to the conditions of potential impact, the windows of the minibus are equipped with shielding electromagnets The blinds have a wide field, and controls for the test equipment are located in the driver's compartment.

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