RU2635916C1 - Method of spraying fire extinguishing substance and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: method of spraying fire extinguishing agent involves spraying the extinguishing agent under pressure through a system of flexible pipelines and spray nozzles. The pipeline system is formed in planes different from the central axis, with operating pressure in the system from 0.5 MPa to 10.5 MPa with the possibility of creating multidirectional spraying jets of various shapes in each plane and supplying the extinguishing agent through each spray nozzle to 2 kg per second with the formation of the region of optimal concentration of extinguishing agent. To implement the method, two embodiments of device for spraying fire extinguishing agent are provided which includes a container filled with fire extinguishing agent connected by pipelines to spray nozzles. In this case, system of flexible pipelines consisting of a central pipeline and second level pipelines, having different diameters, is used, the second level pipelines are formed with respect to the central pipeline and are interconnected rigidly to divide the streams at an angle of 90° and with a ratio of the inner diameters of the second level pipelines to the internal diameter of the central pipeline is not more than 0.75 and not less than 0.5, spray nozzles are used to form different shapes of spraying jets that are connected to the pipelines with the possibility of changing their direction and forming optimal spraying. The second version of the device assumes the use of flexible pipelines, located with the possibility of orientation in space.

EFFECT: increase the efficiency and reliability of fire fighting in cramped conditions by creating a volumetric firefighting using flexible pipelines.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire fighting equipment, namely to extinguish fires of classes A, B, C, E, and can be used on vehicles.

A known method of spraying a fire extinguishing agent and a device for its implementation (patent No. 2173193, application No. 2000122326, publication date 08/24/2000, priority date 09/10/2001, IPC class A62C 31/05). The known method is carried out by impacting under pressure a pair of jets of a liquid extinguishing agent with the location of the jets in each pair at an angle of 60 ° ± 5 ° and the external jet of each pair parallel to the axis of supply of the extinguishing agent and create different focus spray patterns that overlap at the optimal concentration level used extinguishing agent. Each spray torch of extinguishing agent is formed from a set of jets of a finely dispersed aqueous solution in the form of a volumetric geometric figure, for example, a cone passing into a cylinder. The jets, falling on the combustion surface, break it into separate combustion zones isolated from each other. The focal length of each spray torch and its shape are created by rotating the pairs of jets that form it relative to the point of their meeting at an angle from zero to + 20 °.

The disadvantage of this method is that the extinguishing agent (liquid) is sprayed unevenly, there is a risk of mismatch of especially dangerous zones with the zone of optimal concentration of the extinguishing agent.

Foreign fire extinguishing systems for automobiles are known (US patent No. 5590718, priority date 10/13/1995, IPC class A62C 3/07, NKI 169/62).

The fire extinguishing system for a car or boat has a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent connected to nozzles for discharging a fire extinguisher using an elongated pipe. Additional nozzles can be connected to the pipe using a manifold. A valve is used to control the flow of the extinguishing agent. The system is equipped with sensors.

A disadvantage of the known system is that the use of the collector does not evenly spray the extinguishing agent, and the use of the pipe makes it difficult to install the known system.

Closest to the claimed technical solution (device) is the fire extinguishing module (RF patent No. 2424839, application No. 201242429, priority date 06/17/2010, publication date 07/27/2011, IPC class A62C 35/00). The known fire extinguishing module contains a sealed enclosure filled with a fire extinguisher, in the upper part of which there is a chamber with a gas-generating charge with at least part of the chamber inside the cavity of the housing, and in the lower part mounted exhaust nozzles with a diaphragm, equipped with a system of channels made in the side and its end walls.

A disadvantage of the known module is the use of the pipe as a distribution pipe and a limited number of nozzles-sprayers, which reduces the fire extinguishing efficiency and complicates the installation of the device.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of fire fighting in cramped conditions by creating volumetric fire extinguishing using flexible pipelines and supplying a fire extinguishing agent throughout the protected surface through each spray point.

A method of spraying a fire extinguishing agent, comprising spraying a fire extinguishing agent under pressure through a system of pipelines and nozzles, is proposed.

The difference is that the spraying is carried out using a flexible piping system formed in planes differently oriented relative to the central axis, with a working pressure in the system from 0.5 MPa to 10.5 MPa and with the possibility of creating multidirectional spraying torches of various shapes in each plane and supply of extinguishing agent through each nozzle in an amount of up to 2 kg per second with the formation of the region of optimal concentration of extinguishing agent.

Two versions of the device are proposed.

According to the first embodiment, the device for spraying a fire extinguishing agent includes a container filled with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines to the spray nozzles.

The difference is that they use a flexible piping system consisting of a central pipeline and second-level pipelines having different diameters, second-level pipelines are formed relative to the central pipeline and rigidly interconnected to divide flows at an angle of 90 ° and with respect to the internal diameters of the second-level pipelines to the inner diameter of the central pipeline of not more than 0.75 and not less than 0.5, use spray nozzles forming a different shape of the spray torch connected e with conduits capable of changing their direction and generate the optimal atomization. The difference is that they use fitting connections to secure the spray nozzles and tee pipe connections.

According to a second embodiment, the device for spraying a fire extinguishing agent includes a container filled with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines to the spray nozzles.

The difference is that they use a system of flexible pipelines of different lengths, formed in different planes and oriented differently in space, rigidly interconnected to divide flows at an angle of 90 °, using spray nozzles forming different shapes of spray nozzles connected to pipelines with the possibility of changing them directions and formation of optimal spraying.

In addition, the device is also characterized in that the rigid connection of the flexible pipes can be made by connecting a tee to a tee or by connecting a fitting to a tee. The second version of the device suggests the possibility of modification in cramped conditions for a specific engine size.

At the same time (according to the first embodiment of the device) with the number of nozzles from 2 to 8 pcs. the function of the central pipeline with the parameters specified by the claims is performed by: a flexible pipeline passing from the container with the extinguishing agent to the first distribution tee; with the number of nozzles from 8 to 16 pcs. - a flexible pipeline from a container with a fire extinguishing agent to every second distribution tee in each distribution branch (an embodiment is shown in Fig. 1); with the number of nozzles over 16 and up to 32 pcs. - a flexible pipeline from a container with a fire extinguishing agent to every third distribution tee in each distribution branch. The remaining pipelines in the system are second-level pipelines. In this case, the pipeline, which has a larger diameter and performs the function of a central one, is located closer to the container with the extinguishing agent, i.e. from the tank (shown in Fig. 1 and marked 2). The number of nozzles can be any and depends on the intended purpose of the device: under what conditions is it supposed to be used.

A connecting part (fitting) is an element of a gas pipeline designed to change its direction, attach, branch, connect individual sections (Large Normative and Technical Dictionary, Moscow, ACT, 2007, p. 335).

A fitting is a connecting piece of a pipeline placed in places of turns, transitions and branches, as well as for connecting the main straight pipe links (Big Encyclopedic Polytechnical Dictionary).

To connect flexible pipelines, a symmetric tee is used, which is a part of any pipeline and serves to divide the flows of the transported substance at an angle of 90 °. Moreover, the use of a symmetrical tee is the most optimal.

Nozzles may be used as spray nozzles.

The term "working pressure" means the highest overpressure at which the required mode of operation of the device is provided.

The essence of the proposed device is shown in FIG. 1, which proposes a diagram of the proposed device, the location of the piping system (first option), FIG. 2, which shows a possible variant of the formation of multidirectional torches of various shapes, the implementation of the proposed method and device, FIG. 3, which shows one embodiment of the arrangement of the device and the formation of volumetric fire extinguishing in the place of a possible fire using the example of an internal combustion engine, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, which shows the fan shape of the torch in different planes, FIG. 7, which shows the conical shape of the torch, in FIG. 8, which shows the performance of rigid joints according to claim 6 and claim 7 of the formula according to the second embodiment of the device.

A container filled with a fire extinguishing agent is shown 1, the central pipeline is shown 2. High-pressure hoses are used as flexible pipelines. At the same time, the requirements for compliance with their current standards are observed: GOST 6268-73, GOST 25452-90, DIN EN 853, SAE100R5, 100R1.

High pressure hoses are flexible pipelines, tubes that can withstand high pressure during transportation of liquids (as well as various substances). Their design, as a rule, consists of two rubber tubes placed one in the other and having a reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer can be made of metal wire, elastic strong threads. In some cases, twisted textile threads are used. Flexibility and ability to withstand high pressure - these two qualities are used in the proposed technical solution. The proposed device easily changes shape, can be placed in cramped conditions. In this case, various options for the location of flexible pipelines in differently oriented planes are possible. Examples of placement of pipelines (options) in different planes, differently oriented in space, with the creation of volumetric fire extinguishing are shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3. In addition, other options are possible. The third independent claim reflects the possibility of modifying the device in space, the device in cramped conditions, which is essential for the possibility of its industrial applicability.

According to the first embodiment of the device (the second independent claim), the diameter (inner) of the central flexible pipe 2 is larger than the diameter of all other pipelines of the second level 3, and the ratio between the inner diameters of the second level pipelines and the inner diameter of the central pipeline is not more than 0.75 and not less than 0.5. The specified ratio of the diameters obtained and proved in a practical way and allows you to set the average reagent exit time from 5 seconds to 25 seconds, which significantly increases the efficiency of fire fighting. The spray nozzles of the cone type are shown 4, the fan type is shown 7. The connection in the form of a symmetrical tee is shown 5. The fittings are indicated 6. The creation of multidirectional spray nozzles of various shapes in each plane (Fig. 2) and the formation of areas with the optimal concentration of extinguishing agent is achieved by using spray nozzles with different flare angles, namely, cone type 4 and fan type 7. FIG. 2, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, a fan-type torch is shown 8, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 7, a cone-type torch is shown 9. Due to the fact that the spray nozzles are located in different planes and are differently oriented in the direction of spraying, a dense and volume spray of the extinguishing agent is created. In FIG. Figure 3 shows the formation of a cloud of atomized material around an internal combustion engine. At the same time, places of its possible ignition overlap, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method and device for spraying a fire extinguishing agent.

The creation of spray nozzles in planes that are misoriented with respect to the central axis is illustrated in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and is illustrated by the forms of spray generated in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, which confirms the possibility of using the features of the claims in the form in which the features are reflected in the claims. Therefore, the industrial applicability of the invention is confirmed.

The system provides a range of operating pressures from 0.5 MPa to 10.5 MPa. The pressure in the system is set automatically depending on the viscosity and dispersion of the extinguishing agent and the spray area. By the speed of the substance, the diameter of the pipelines of the second level, the viscosity of the sprayed substance sets the nature of the movement. It is taken into account that the pressure loss in rubberized high-pressure hoses is in practice much higher than the pressure loss in steel (metal) pipes, the hydraulic calculation consists in regulating and selecting the optimal working pressure in the system. In addition, depending on the number of piping branches, a decrease in spraying rate may occur. This factor is also regulated by the set pressure in the system, taking into account the occurring local resistance in the system at the joints. The operating pressure range specified in the formula is optimal and takes into account various versions of the device. The sign is significant and is in a causal relationship with the claimed technical result.

The use of flexible pipelines 2 and 3, withstanding pulsating high pressure loads, can improve the efficiency of the proposed device due to the possibility of its installation in cramped transport conditions. In addition, the possibility of differently oriented spraying of extinguishing agent in the same volume through each spray nozzle allows you to protect the entire surface and prevent fire. In this case, the device withstands the high pressure that occurs when spraying a fire extinguishing agent. The symptom is significant and affects the improvement of efficiency and reliability when fighting fires.

To connect flexible pipelines 2 and 3 to each other, a rigid connection is used to divide the flows of matter at an angle of 90 ° (tee). At the junction there is a separation of flows, and an increase in local hydraulic resistance occurs, a turbulent vortex forms. Therefore, the use of a rigid connection in the form of a tee 5 can withstand the arising loads and increases the reliability of the entire device. In addition, under pressure, the flow breaks up in a symmetrical tee into two equal parts in volume, which follows from the basic law of hydrodynamics. When entering the tee, the flow rate during separation somewhat decreases, and then when entering the flexible pipes, the speed is restored. The mode of movement of the substance changes. The process is repeated as the next division of the flow occurs in a symmetrical tee. In this case, particles of extinguishing agent that regularly fall into a turbulent vortex, due to the aerodynamic force of the flow, receive additional acceleration. This ensures a high flight speed of the particles of the sprayed substance. Due to the redistribution of the mass of the extinguishing agent through the piping system, up to 2 kg / s is sprayed per second through each nozzle. Due to this, monodispersion of the spraying and sufficient density of the sprayed stream are achieved. In practical tests of the proposed device, measurements of the sprayed substance were made, and the sign is confirmed in practice. Therefore, the symptom is in a causal relationship with the claimed technical result and is significant.

The spray nozzles of the cone type are shown 4, the fan types are shown 7. Using spray nozzles of the cone type 4 and fan 7 allows you to create spray nozzles of various shapes (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). The use of cone and fan nozzles creates an optimal spraying mode of the extinguishing agent. The multidirectionality of the spray torches and the use of spray nozzles with the possibility of creating spray nozzles of various shapes make it possible to provide volumetric fire extinguishing (Fig. 3), which significantly increases the reliability and efficiency of fire extinguishing. The conical nozzles 4 during spraying form a uniform distribution of the extinguishing agent with a constant opening angle, while providing circular spraying 9 (Fig. 2, Fig. 7). At the same time, the fan nozzles 7 create a flat-torch spraying with an opening angle from 120 ° to 180 °, 8 is indicated (Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). In addition, the multidirectionality of the spray torches allows for irrigation of the entire protected surface. The feature of the claims “with the possibility of creating multidirectional spraying torches of various shapes in each plane” is significant and is in causal connection with the claimed technical result.

The use of fitting connections 6 allows you to change the direction of the spray nozzles, while changing the direction of the spray nozzles 4 and 7. Thus, the proposed device is universal in application. In FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3 shows options for possible placement of the device.

As spray nozzles 4 and 7, nozzles of different fineness (fine and coarse) can be used. The dispersion of the spray nozzles (nozzles) is selected depending on the properties of the sprayed extinguishing agent. Spray nozzles 4 and 7 are connected to a T-shaped tee 5 fitting 6.

The proposed device operates as follows. The extinguishing agent is supplied under pressure from the tank 1 through the central flexible pipe 2 to the pipelines 3 and then to the spray nozzles 4 or 7. Moreover, the use of T-shaped tees (rigid joints) as connecting elements improves the reliability of the device during the distribution of the extinguishing agent substances through pipelines of different diameters. At the junction, a region of increased pressure arises, and the use of a rigid joint, such as a tee, in this area allows you to redistribute the pressure and get a uniform distribution of the extinguishing agent through pipelines 3. Using the connection with fitting 6, spray nozzles 4 or 7 and tee 5 allows you to change the direction of the spray nozzle nozzles and spraying direction, which significantly increases the efficiency of fire fighting. In addition, it is this technical solution that allows you to expand the scope of the device, its functionality.

According to the second embodiment of the device, it is allowed that any of the sections of the flexible pipeline in the system is used using a rigid connection such as a tee-tee or a fitting tee. The types of connections are illustrated in FIG. 8 and marked 10. In this case, individual branches of the flexible pipeline can be replaced by a tee-to-tee or fitting-tee connection, which increases the rigidity of the connection and can be demanded, if necessary, to significantly increase the pressure in the system or in very short sections where efficient use of pipelines in general. At the same time, pipelines of different lengths are used, but in some sections of the pipeline there is none at all. The symptom is significant and affects spraying performance in tight spaces.

The proposed method for spraying a fire extinguishing agent and a device for spraying a fire extinguishing agent form a single inventive concept. The proposed method and device are aimed at obtaining the same technical result. Moreover, when using the device, the proposed method is automatically implemented. Therefore, the requirements of the unity of the three inventions that form a single inventive concept are met.

Using the proposed device and the implementation of the proposed method allows you to create optimal volumetric fire extinguishing both in large protected volumes and in cramped conditions, which avoids the presence of "shadow zones", allows you to easily modify both the device itself and the location of the spray nozzles, use different connection options and options for the formation of flexible pipelines in space, while forming the direction and shape of the spray. The inventive step of the proposed inventions lies in the mobility and versatility of the proposed technical solution while ensuring fire extinguishing efficiency due to the formation of volumetric fire extinguishing.

The proposed method and device are effective, economical and can successfully replace expensive imported analogues. Prototypes of the device were manufactured and passed the first tests, which confirmed its effectiveness and industrial applicability.

Claims (7)

1. A method of spraying a fire extinguisher, including spraying a fire extinguishing agent under pressure through a flexible piping system and spray nozzles, characterized in that the spraying of a fire extinguishing agent is carried out through a piping system formed in planes differently oriented relative to the central axis, with a working pressure in the system of 0, 5 MPa to 10.5 MPa with the possibility of creating multidirectional spraying torches of various shapes in each plane and supplying a fire extinguishing agent through each spray total nozzle up to 2 kg per second with the formation of the region of optimal concentration of extinguishing agent. 2. A device for spraying a fire extinguishing agent, including a container filled with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines to spray nozzles, characterized in that a flexible piping system is used, consisting of a central pipeline and second level pipelines having different diameters, the second level pipelines are formed relative to the central pipeline and rigidly interconnected to divide the flows at an angle of 90 ° and with the ratio of the inner diameters of the pipelines of the second level to diameter central pipe friction not greater than 0.75 and less than 0.5, using spray nozzles, forming a different shape of the spray cones connected to conduits capable of changing their direction and generate the optimal atomization. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that use fitting connections for fixing the spray nozzles. 4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that they use tee transition joints of pipelines. 5. A device for spraying a fire extinguishing agent, including a container filled with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines with spray nozzles, characterized in that they use a system of flexible pipelines of different lengths, formed in different planes and differently oriented in space, rigidly interconnected to divide the flows at an angle 90 °, use spray nozzles that form different shapes of spray nozzles, connected to pipelines with the possibility of changing their direction and forming optimal spraying. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the rigid connection of the flexible pipelines is made by connecting a tee to a tee. 7. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the rigid connection of the flexible pipelines is made by connecting the fitting to the tee.

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